制备多物相AlTiC合金的Ti与C熔体反应法

将Ti与C同时加入Al熔体可制备出Ti与C摩尔比分别大于、等于、小于4的3种含不同物相的Al—TiC合金：Al—TiAl3-TiC、Al—TiC、Al-Al4C3-TiC。对纯铝的细化实验表明：不含过量Ti的后两种合金的细化效果相近，Al4C3在Al—TiC合金中的大量出现不会进一步降低合金的细化能力；含TiAl3的第一种合金的细化效率远高于后两者的；TiC物相在基体中以离散颗粒或聚集团形式在Al基体中分布；Al4C3相极脆，易与空气中的水蒸汽反应而分解。分析表明Ti与C在Al熔体中反应生成TiC是通过两条途径同时进行的：熔体中的固体C颗粒与溶解态的Ti直接反应；固体C颗粒和Al反应生成的A4C3与溶解态的Ti发生反应。     

铸造Al-4.5%Cu合金熔体中TiCp的合成反应研究

通过预制块在铸造Al-4.5%Cu合金熔体中的自蔓延反应,制备了TiCp/Al-4.5%Cu原位复合材料,分析了TiC形成的热力学及其原位生成过程。试验结果表明,TiCp/Al-4.5%Cu原位复合材料的拉伸性能比基体合金有大幅度地提高;原位反应生成的TiC颗粒呈小圆片状,平均直径0.15μm,与基体结合良好,无界面有害相。提出了一种新的TiC颗粒合成机制:Al依次与Ti、C发生反应生成Al3Ti和Al4C3,同时放出大量的热引发了TiC的生成;Al3Ti和Al4C3作为中间反应产物,由于热力学上的不稳定,最终被TiC取代。     

Si对TiC在铝熔体中稳定性的影响(英文)

研究Si对TiC在铝熔体中稳定性的影响。结果表明:当一定量的Si加入到铝熔体中后,TiC变得不稳定。当熔体温度低于890℃时,TiC会与Al及Si反应生成TiAlxSiy和Al4C3相;而当熔体温度高于890℃时,TiC与Al和Si反应生成Al4C3及Ti3SiC2相。分析认为,Si之所以使TiC在铝熔体中变得不稳定,是由于铝熔体中的Si能够进入到TiC晶格中,并进一步扩散,形成夹杂有一定量Si的TiC。在此过程中,Si会在TiC中引起较大的晶格畸变作用,促进TiC中碳原子的迁移。     

Al—Ti—C在铝熔体中的原位反应及其细化作用

将Al粉、Ti粉和C粉压制成Al-Ti-C预制块,在纯铝熔体中进行原位合成反应.浇注西20 mm×80 mm的金属型试样.利用X-ray衍射仪和电子探针(EPMA)分析了原位反应生成相.结果表明,在实验条件下,原位反应后的试样组织为α(Al) Al3Ti TiC.然后将自制的Al-Ti-C中间合金作为细化剂加入到铸造铝硅合金中,可使其抗拉强度提高约7%.TiC颗粒起到了异质形核剂的作用.     

微量TiC、TiB2引起铝熔体粘度的突变现象

研究了TiC、TiB2两种钛化物对纯铝及亚共晶Al 6 5%Si合金熔体粘度的影响。结果表明,加入少量Al 5Ti 1B或Al 3Ti 0 15C中间合金的铝熔体,其粘度大幅度增加。如在工业纯铝中加入0 3%的Al 5Ti 1B后,其粘度增加了31 83%;在Al 6 5%Si合金熔体中加入0 5%的Al 3Ti 0 15C后,其粘度增加了59 51%。因此,熔体中引入固相粒子是引起熔体粘度增加的原因之一,并在此基础上进行了机理探讨。     

原位反应法制备Al2O3-TiC/Al复合材料

通过向含Ti的Al-Si合金熔体中通入CO2气体制备Al2O3-TiC／Al复合材料的方法．研究了Al2O3-TiC／Al复合材料特性。用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对复合材料的组织进行了研究。研究表明，CO2与合金熔体中的Al、Ti原位反应生成Al2O3和TiC颗粒，Al2O3和TiC颗粒尺寸在0．2～1．0μm之间，均匀分布在基体中，反应生成的Al2O3和TiC颗粒数量与CO2的通入时间有关。     

激光束作用下Al—Ti—C活化粉料中的化学反应

在激光扫描涂覆Al-Ti-C活化粉料层的铝合金试样过程中，突然停止激光发射，以在激光束前面形成合成反应过程中不同阶段所产生的组织，判断所发生的化学反应，即先发生3Al Ti→Al3Ti反应，形成块状Al3Ti；以后再发生Al3Ti C→TiC 3Al反应，形成大量TiC颗粒。将实验与数值模拟相结合，采用试错法求得：3Al Ti→Al3Ti的反应温度为650℃，Al3Ti C→TiC 3Al的反应温度为810℃。     

反应放热法合成Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂研究

以Al，Ti，C粉末为原料，在Al熔体中通过粉末间的强烈放热反应合成了AlTi5C0．2晶粒细化剂，并采用OM，XRD和SEM等分析手段。研究了中间合金的反应合成过程、TiC粒子的形成机制及其细化特性。结果表明：在670℃时，Ti(s)与Al(1)发生强烈的放热反应，在Al熔体中形成块状TiAl3粒子；反应释放的热量使反应区升温，TiAl3(s)粒子溶解于Al熔体中形成活性Ti，Ti通过扩散至C颗粒表面并与之反应形成TiC粒子，并呈现聚集形态；随保温时间的延长，TiAl3粒子由块状向针片状转变，TiC粒子的簇状分布特征明显增强，中间合金的细化能力略有降低。     

铝热还原法制备Al-Ti中间合金

在温度为1150～1300℃的冰晶石熔体中,以TiO2为原料、Al为还原剂,制得了含Ti为7.83%～11.80%(质量百分数)的Al-Ti中间合金。讨论了温度、Al2O3加入量及搅拌等参数对Al-Ti合金中Ti含量的影响。研究发现,在石墨坩埚内还原的Al-Ti中间合金,Ti主要以TiAl3和TiC的形式存在;冰晶石熔体中TiO2的添加量相对于金属Al过剩时,会产生爬壁现象。     

Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂的形核与衰减机理研究

通过SEM、XRD、EPA等分析手段，研究了液一固反应法制备的Al—Ti—C晶粒细化剂中间合金的组织特征，并结合热力学分析探讨了TiC粒子的形核与衰减机制。试验结果表明：TiC的形核机理是Ti原子以某种机制扩散至TiC粒子的表面形成富Ti，并接近TiAl3的成分，在凝固过程中TiAl3与周围Al液发生包晶反应形成α-Al；保温过程由于C从TiC向Al熔体中的扩散，使其稳定性降低及TiC向Al4C3转化，使α-Al晶格失配是细化效果衰减的主要原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。