自适应杂波抑制技术在雷达中的应用

动目标显示(MTI)技术是雷达在杂波环境中发现运动目标的有效手段。首先讨论了雷达信号处理中常用的自适应动目标显示技术,即在多杂波环境下的自适应杂波抑制技术。然后针对雷达杂波抑制中常用的级联MTI滤波器,提出了一种新的设计方法,即采用时变加权原理,通过对动杂波速度估值,实现对运动杂波抑制滤波器权值的优化。最后给出了这2种杂波抑制级联型MTI的工程实现。     

相干韦伯尔分布杂波的建模与仿真

零记忆非线性变换法(Zero Memory Nonlinearity)和球不变随机过程法(Spherically Invariant Random Process)是目前最为常用的两种杂波模拟方法.本文对这两种方法分别作了简要介绍并详细论述了Weibull分布杂波的产生原理和基本流程.最后,利用ZMNL法对基于相干脉冲雷达杂波模型的相干Weibull分布杂波进行仿真.仿真结果与理论结果基本一致,证明此法是有效可靠的.     

基于相参处理的机载雷达舰船检测方法

机载雷达舰船目标检测主要在海杂波背景下进行,受海杂波影响大,常规非相参积累检测没有充分利用目标和海杂波的特性差异,检测性能有待提升。文中对机载雷达杂波特性、目标特性进行了理论分析建模,提出了基于相参处理的舰船目标检测架构,该方法综合干扰抑制、相参积累、杂噪识别和分区检测进行相参处理,在距离、多普勒平面有效识别海杂波和噪声区域的基础上实现匹配检测。最后基于实测数据进行了分析验证,显示了很高的工程应用价值。     

非合作连续波雷达中存在强直达波和多径杂波的运动目标检测方法

研究了利用非合作商用调频照射信号的收发分置连续波无源雷达系统运动目标的检测技术.针对该系统中强直达波及多径杂波对动目标检测的干扰,提出了一种直达波和多径到达时间为整数采样迟延的杂波抑制方法和利用分数内插提高杂波对消性能的算法.在杂波对消的基础上,通过对回波信号作长时间相干匹配滤波实现对微弱运动目标的检测.基于实测数据及实时系统的处理结果验证了方法的有效性.     

基于Hankel-SVD的非平稳超声血流成像杂波抑制技术研究

有效抑制由血管或血管周围组织时变运动引起的非平稳杂波对于提高诊断超声彩色血流成像中血流动力学参数描述的准确性有着极其重要的意义。该文基于奇异值滤波技术提出一种改进的非平稳杂波自适应抑制方法。该方法逐次利用单个慢时多普勒回波采样矢量构建Hankel矩阵,然后根据奇异值分解后得到的正交Hankel主成份所代表的频域内容,动态选取高阶Hankel主成份重构多普勒血流信号,实现非平稳杂波的有效抑制。为验证算法的有效性,分别对多普勒回波仿真模型合成数据与利用彩色超声设备(Sonix RP)采集的颈动脉血流基带回波信号进行滤波处理,然后采用滞一自相关估计法计算血流平均速度与功率并进行成像。处理结果表明,相对于传统IIR滤波方法与多项式回归滤波技术,利用该文所提算法可对高强度、非平稳杂波进行充分抑制,提高血流估计精度,此外,该算法具有空间自适应性,无需人为设定阈值参数以估计杂波空间维数,与现有基于特征分解的自适应滤波方法相比,可以有效提高组织空间高强度时变运动时血流与组织的区分能力。     

一种稳健的共形阵机载雷达杂波抑制方法

针对共形阵机载雷达的杂波抑制问题,提出了一种稳健的空时自适应处理(STAP)方法.该方法首先将待检测距离单元中所含的目标信息剔除,然后利用自回归(AR)模型来描述该单元杂波特性,最后通过求取AR模型系数得到待检测距离单元中杂波正交子空间来对消杂波.该方法不受雷达工作模式影响,适用于任意形状的阵列天线,且不存在干扰目标问...     

基于通道误差校准的空域导向矢量多通道SAR-GMTI 杂波抑制方法

针对通道幅相误差和图像配准误差等非理想因素导致地面动目标检测性能下降的问题,该文结合最小方差和空域导向矢量两种杂波抑制算法,提出一种基于通道误差校准的空域导向矢量杂波抑制方法。该方法首先计算最小方差杂波抑制的权向量,通过该权向量构造配准图像,然后利用配准图像计算杂波正交补空间,最后通过正交子空间的方法实现杂波抑制。理论分析及实验结果表明,所提方法在图像配准误差和通道幅相误差较大的情况下仍具有很好的检测性能,能获得较最小方差杂波抑制方法和基于空域导向矢量的杂波抑制方法更高的信杂噪比。      

机载脉冲多普勒雷达地杂波的相干信号仿真研究

研究了载机和天线处于任意姿态情况下的机载脉冲多普勒雷达地杂波的相干信号仿真问题。首先简要回顾了地面杂波的特性与建模方法,而后采用距离环地面散射单元划分方法,建立了机载脉冲多普勒雷达地杂波相干信号仿真的相关模型,并给出了适于工程应用的具体仿真流程。最后,典型地杂波仿真结果证明了模型的合理性。     

天基雷达相干地杂波模型研究

地杂波特性对天基雷达（SBR）的地面动目标指示（GMTI）功能有很大影响。该文深入研究了SBR相干地杂波的模拟方法,在经典的星载雷达空间几何模型的基础上提出了适用于模拟特定距离门杂波特性的杂波仿真模型,并给出了在该模型下的SBR相干地杂波仿真方法,分析了SBR的多普勒频率特性。该模型提高了相干地杂波模拟的实用性。仿真得到的距离-多普勒二维杂波图证实了该模型的正确性和有效性。     

相参相关雷达杂波的建模与仿真

ZMNL法和SIRP法是目前最常用的两种杂波模拟方法,文中对这两种方法分别作了简要的介绍,并且详细讨论了基于以上两种方法的Rayleigh,Log Normal,Weibull分布和K分布杂波的产生原理和仿真流程。随后用ZMNL法对高斯谱Rayleigh分布和Log Normal分布杂波进行了仿真,同时分别用ZMNL法和SIRP法对基于相参脉冲雷达杂波模型的Weibull分布杂波和K分布杂波也作了仿真。最后,对所产生的杂波作了功率谱估计。实验结果证明,以上两种方法是有效可靠的。     

相干杂波中雷达目标的极化检测

首先介绍了高斯分布杂波背景下全极化相参雷达的极化域一时域联合目标检测算法,然后就两种实际目标,结合蒙特卡洛方法,分析了雷达目标的检测性能。重点研究了杂波的时间相关性对检测性能的影响,给出了不同相干杂波背景下的目标检测性能曲线,得到了杂波的时间相关性与目标检测性能之间的关系曲线。在此基础上讨论了在不同时间相关性杂波背景下时域采样的增加时检测性能的影响。最后介绍了K分布杂波背景下的极化域一时域联合目标检测算法,给出了检测性能曲线。     

地面PD雷达杂波对消分析

为了使PD雷达的优势得到充分发挥,地面PD雷达通常采用多种杂波对消模式。文章通过对各种杂波对消模式下的改善因子进行仿真计算,对比了在各种杂波条件下的杂波抑制性能,为多种模式的优化组合奠定了基础。     

时变级联滤波器的两种设计方法

本文针对雷达杂波抑制中常用的时变级联滤波器,提出了两种实用的设计方法。第一种方法通过时变级联滤波器与时变非级联滤波器的等效来设计时变级联滤波器。该方法可以使时变级联滤波器具有最佳杂波滤波器的效果。第二种方法通过对总的等效滤波器的设计来得到级联滤波器第二级的权系数。分析表明,时变级联滤波器第二级的频率响应很难写出,但可以通过总的等效频率响应来体现。     

机载分布式相干MIMO雷达的杂波谱分析

以多载频矩形脉冲信号为发射信号,建立了机载分布式相干MIMO雷达的杂渡模型;给出了经典的杂波功率谱估计方法和杂波自由度估计规则;仿真分析了多载频频率步进和不同误差条件下的最小方差（MV,minimum variance）杂波谱和杂波特征谱.仿真及分析结果表明：机载分布式相干MIMO雷达的杂波具有空时二维斜对角分布特性;杂波起伏、载机偏航均会使杂波谱展宽及杂波自由度增大;多载频频率步进的增长导致杂波去相关.     

一种基于双通道DPCA 的SAR-GMTI 杂波抑制方法

偏置相位中心天线技术(DPCA)作为空时自适应信号处理(STAP)技术的特殊形式,在合成孔径雷达地面动目标指示(SAR-GMTI)领域得到了广泛的应用。杂波抑制的能力直接决定了GMTI 的性能,传统的复图像域DPCA 技术对于地杂波抑制能力有限,特别是广泛分布着强散射静止地物的城市区域。该文利用干涉相位对DPCA幅度进行非线性加权,提出了一种加权DPCA 杂波抑制方法,该方法降低了通道间残差相位对DPCA 杂波抑制的影响。实验结果表明:该文方法在杂波抑制能力上优于传统DPCA 方法。      

TWO APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN OF TIME-VARYING CASCADED FILTERS

Two approaches to the design of time-varying cascaded filters used in radar clutter rejection are presented. In the first approach, by fitting the cascaded filter to the noncascaded filter, the time-varying cascaded filter can be designed, which makes it possible that the time-varying cascaded filter behaves just like an optimum clutter filter. The second approach can be used to design the second-stage filter in a time-varying cascaded one by setting zeros in its equivalent overall frequency response. It has been shown that it is difficult to express the frequency response of the second-stage filter in the time-varying cascaded one, however, it is convenient to be involved in the overall response.     

Wideband Extended Range-Doppler Imaging and Waveform Design in the Presence of Clutter and Noise

This paper presents a group-theoretic approach to address the wideband extended range-Doppler target imaging and design of clutter rejecting waveforms. An exact imaging method based on the inverse Fourier transform of the affine group is presented. A Wiener filter is designed in the affine group Fourier transform domain to minimize wideband clutter range-Doppler reflectivity. The Wiener filter is then used to form an operator to precondition transmitted waveforms to reject clutter. Alternatively, the imaging and clutter rejection methods are equivalently re-expressed to perform clutter suppression upon reception. These methods are coupled with noise suppression upon reception. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. Our study shows that the framework introduced in this paper can address the joint design of receive and transmit processing, design of clutter rejecting waveforms, suppression of noise, and reduction of computational complexity in receive processing     

雷达杂波视频信号实时仿真与系统实现

阐述了在雷达多目标仿真系统中杂波相干视频信号模型的建立过程和实时仿真系统的设计及实现。针对仿真过程中非正态随机序列的产生,提出用随机向量法和查表法进行零记忆非线性变换。随机向量法完成线性变换,查表法完成非线性变换,以产生具有指定概率分布和功率谱的非正态相干随机序列,复现与雷达信号具有相参性的杂波相干视频信号。仿真结果证明这些方法的正确性和实用性。     

Method of compensating the active component of combined interference in coherent pulse radar

The combined impact of active and passive interferences on coherent pulse radar was investigated. A mathematical model was developed implementing a new method for compensating the active component of combined interference in coherent pulse radar employing spectral differences in the structure of active and passive interferences. The results of simulation reveal that the polarization-time signal processing involving the use of rejection filters for suppression of passive interferences in circuits of forming the weight coefficients of automatic compensator make it possible to significantly enhance the quality of active interference compensation under conditions of exposure to combined interferences. The rejection of passive interference in circuits of forming the weight coefficients is shown to eliminate the distortion of passive spectrum distortion at the output of adaptive polarization filter.     

A new clutter rejection algorithm for Doppler ultrasound

Several strategies, known as clutter or wall Doppler filtering, were proposed to remove the strong echoes produced by stationary or slow moving tissue structures from the Doppler blood flow signal. In this study, the matching pursuit (MP) method is proposed to remove clutter components. The MP method decomposes the Doppler signal into wavelet atoms that are selected in a decreasing energy order. Thus, the high-energy clutter components are extracted first. In the present study, the pulsatile Doppler signal s(n) was simulated by a sum of random-phase sinusoids. Two types of high-amplitude clutter signals were then superimposed on s(n): time-varying low-frequency components, covering systole and early diastole, and short transient clutter signals, distributed within the whole cardiac cycle. The Doppler signals were modeled with the MP method and the most dominant atoms were subtracted from the time-domain signal s(n) until the signal-to-clutter (S/C) ratio reached a maximum. For the low-frequency clutter signal, the improvement in S/C ratio was 19.0 +/- 0.6 dB, and 72.0 +/- 4.5 atoms were required to reach this performance. For the transient clutter signal, ten atoms were required and the maximum improvement in S/C ratio was 5.5 +/- 0.5 dB. The performance of the MP method was also tested on real data recorded over the common carotid artery of a normal subject. Removing 15 atoms significantly improved the appearance of the Doppler sonogram contaminated with low-frequency clutter. Many more atoms (over 200) were required to remove transient clutter components. These results suggest the possibility of using this signal processing approach to implement clutter rejection filters on ultrasound commercial instruments.