复合护色液对鲜切莲藕护色效果研究

采用不同的护色剂组合对鲜切莲藕进行护色处理,并在8℃条件下进行贮藏试验。结果表明:(1)对鲜切莲藕褐变抑制的最佳因子组合为EDTA浓度为0.25%、Vc浓度为0.1%、草酸浓度为0.25%、半胱氨酸浓度为0.7%、处理时间为8min。经过该护色处理的鲜切莲藕,在整个试验期间内,色白,无褐变现象产生;(2)鲜切莲藕在贮藏期间褐变度和多酚氧化酶活性具有很强的相关关系,多酚氧化酶活性上升时,莲藕的褐变度增加速度较快,其活性下降时,褐变度增加有所减缓。     

柠檬酸对鲜切莲藕酶促褐变的影响研究

研究柠檬酸处理的鲜切莲藕在4℃条件下贮藏15d期间,色差、整体感官质量(OVQ)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和总酚(TP)含量的变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,不同浓度的柠檬酸处理对鲜切莲藕的酶促褐变均有一定的抑制作用,且在本实验条件下,柠檬酸浓度越大,护色效果越好。对潜在机理的研究表明,1.5%的柠檬酸处理可显著降低鲜切莲藕中的PPO活性和MDA含量(p0.05),总酚含量在贮藏前期(0~3d)显著高于对照组(p0.05),柠檬酸对PPO和MDA的影响可能是其抑制鲜切莲藕酶促褐变的部分原因。本研究可为鲜切莲藕的保鲜护色提供一定的理论依据。     

柠檬酸亚锡二钠对双孢菇罐头的护色作用

研究柠檬酸亚锡二钠(DSC)对双孢菇罐头的护色作用。在双孢菇切片预处理和罐头汤汁中添加DSC与其他常用护色剂及其正交复合护色剂,测定产品的PPO残余酶活和褐变度BD等质量指标。在预处理阶段,较之植酸、柠檬酸、VC,DSC对双孢菇酶促褐变有更佳的抑制作用,预煮前以最佳复合护色剂(质量分数)0.2%柠檬酸,0.03%DSC,0.02%植酸,0.03%VC护色液浸泡预处理可有效防止菇片褐变;DSC用于双孢菇罐头汤汁比其他护色剂有更显著的褐变抑制效果,汤汁复合护色剂的最佳参数组合为(质量分数):0.03%DSC,0.02%植酸,0.3%CaCl2和0.1%柠檬酸,各因素对其影响程度为:DSC>植酸>氯化钙。DSC复合护色剂可有效抑制双孢菇罐头褐变,效果可与焦亚硫酸钠媲美,可作为蘑菇罐头中替代焦亚硫酸钠的新型安全高效护色剂。     

复合护色剂防止鲜切莲藕褐变的研究

酶促褐变是制约鲜切鲜藕品质的关键问题之一,以抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、亚硫酸氢钠为护色剂,通过正交试验,以褐变度为依据,筛选出鲜切莲藕的最佳护色剂组合为0.02%V_C、0.15%CA、0.20%Na HSO_3,此护色剂组合处理下的莲藕切片在10℃贮藏8 d能够保持新鲜莲藕所应有的色泽。     

不同护色剂抑制鲜切藕片褐变效果的比较

不同护色剂处理鲜切藕片,4℃下贮藏,于0、3、6、9、12天分别测定藕片中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、总酚含量及褐变度,并进行感观评价。实验结果表明,各处理对褐变均有一定的抑制作用,其中0．3％L-cys和0．1％EDTA-2Na处理鲜切藕防褐变的效果较其他护色剂要好,且可维持PPO活性及总酚含量在较高水平。综合护色效果顺序是：0．3％L-cys＞0．1％EDTA-2Na＞0．2％Zn(Ac)2＞0．2％AA或0．2％CA＞0．2％EA。     

肉苁蓉加工过程中护色工艺的研究

通过对肉苁蓉进行漂烫处理、复合护色液浸泡处理、复合护色液真空抽渗处理,选择了肉苁蓉的护色工艺,研究了不同护色剂对肉苁蓉多酚氧化酶的抑制效果。结果表明:采用复合护色液进行真空抽渗处理,对多酚氧化酶的抑制效果最佳;对多酚氧化酶有显著抑制效果的复合护色剂最佳组合为A4B2C4D2,即食盐溶液浓度为2.5%、柠檬酸溶液浓度为0.6%、亚硫酸氢钠溶液浓度为0.10%、L-半胱氨酸溶液浓度为0.06%时,可有效防止褐变,护色效果最佳。     

鲜切奉化芋艿褐变控制的研究

鲜切奉化芋艿容易发生褐变而丢失原有营养成分.因此对鲜切奉化芋艿采用抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、壳聚糖、氯化钙褐变抑制剂护色处理,并贮藏于4 ℃下.贮藏期间定期测定鲜切芋艿褐变度(BD)、多酚氧化酶活性(PPO).试验结果表明,鲜切芋艿在冷藏期间BD值随时间延长有增加趋势.抑制剂处理与空白组相比较,能有效抑制褐变和降低PPO活力.且4种保鲜剂单一因素抑制褐变情况和降低PPO活力效果一致,效果顺序为壳聚糖>抗坏血酸>柠檬酸>氯化钙.且单一抑制剂处理最佳浓度为:壳聚糖为0.5%、抗坏血酸为2.0%、柠檬酸为2.5%、氯化钙为0.2%.     

复合护色处理对鲜切荸荠褐变的抑制

为了减少鲜切荸荠的褐变并延长其货架期,采用L9(33)正交表筛选L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸、Vc等抑制褐变的护色剂,最终研制出鲜切荸荠复合护色剂配方0.2％L-cys+0.6％CA+0.6％Vc,用该保鲜剂处理的鲜切荸荠,在温度4℃下保存12天颜色保持良好.同时试验研究了护色处理对贮藏期间鲜切荸荠品质和生理的影响.结果表明,与对照组相比,护色处理过的鲜切荸荠贮藏期间PPO、POD、PAL活力显著降低,失重率也较低.     

响应曲面法优化鲜青花椒护色剂配方

以新鲜青花椒为原料,选取碳酸钠、葡萄糖酸锌、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸4种护色剂进行不同浓度梯度的鲜青花椒护色的单因素试验;选择对青花椒褐变度和叶绿素含量效果较好的3种护色剂及不同浓度,以褐变度为指标,采用响应曲面法研究对鲜青花椒护色效果最好的护色剂复配配方。单因素试验结果表明:研究选取的葡萄糖酸锌、柠檬酸和抗坏血酸浓度均对青花椒褐变度和叶绿素含量产生显著影响(P0.05);同时,响应面试验结果表明,各因素对鲜青花椒褐变度的影响顺序为:柠檬酸葡萄糖酸锌抗坏血酸;最优的护色剂配方为:葡萄糖酸锌0.07%,柠檬酸0.46%,抗坏血酸0.69%,在此条件下,鲜青花椒的褐变度为5.88,与对照组相比降低6左右,说明此护色剂配方可有效降低鲜青花椒的褐变度。     

鲜切荸荠的护色工艺研究

以新鲜荸荠为原料,结合单因素实验和正交实验,根据褐变度研究酸液烫漂和护色剂浸泡对荸荠护色效果的影响,筛选出鲜切荸荠的最佳护色组合。结果表明,酸液漂烫和护色剂浸泡对鲜切荸荠都具有较好的护色效果。鲜切荸荠的最佳漂烫工艺条件为70℃下0.3%柠檬酸溶液中漂烫90 s;最佳护色工艺条件是将漂烫过的荸荠浸入1.0%氯化钙溶液+0.15%亚硫酸氢钠溶液+0.3%植酸溶液中浸泡20 min。     

Machine Vision Analysis of Antibrowning Potency for Oxalic Acid: A Comparative Investigation on Banana and Apple

ABSTRACT: Relative antibrowning potency of oxalic acid on banana and apple slices was investigated using a machine vision system. Degree of browning on fresh-cut surfaces was evaluated visually and quantitatively by observing changes of CIE L * values and evaluating temporal changes in color spectra based on experimental variables, oxalic acid concentration, and storage time. Browning inhibition was most prominent on banana and apple slices treated with oxalic acid solutions at concentrations of 60 and 5 m M , respectively. Oxalic acid was a more potent antibrowning agent compared with other structurally related acids. Average residual oxalic acid levels in the tissues for an effective antibrowning activity were measured.     

高浓度二氧化碳气调包装通过调节酚代谢抑制鲜切莲藕的酶促褐变

鲜切莲藕褐变的主要原因是酶促褐变,高浓度CO_2气调包装(Modified-atmosphere packaging,MAP)可以有效延缓鲜切果蔬褐变,而苯丙氨酸解氨酶(L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)、多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)的编码基因是引起果蔬褐变的主要基因。然而,高浓度CO_2 MAP对鲜切莲藕片PAL、PPO、POD酶及其编码基因表达的影响却鲜有报道。本文分析了100%CO_2MAP对鲜切莲藕贮藏过程中褐变度、总酚含量、PAL、PPO和POD酶活性及其编码基因表达的影响。结果表明:100%CO_2 MAP对延缓鲜切莲藕褐变有较好效果,且100%CO_2 MAP贮藏期间鲜切莲藕PAL、PPO和POD酶活性随褐变程度的增加而同步变化。此外,Nn PAL1,Nn PPOA和Nn POD2/3的表达变化与PAL,PPO和POD酶活性的变化及褐变相一致,说明高浓度CO_2 MAP可能通过下调Nn PAL1,Nn PPOA和Nn POD2/3的表达来延缓鲜切莲藕褐变。     

高密度二氧化碳技术对鲜切莲藕褐变相关酶活的影响

以鲜切莲藕为试材,研究了DPCD处理压力、温度、时间对鲜切莲藕酶活性、色泽的影响,并进一步优化了DPCD工艺。结果表明,随着DPCD处理压力、温度、时间的增加,鲜切莲藕的PPO、POD残存酶活显著降低。优化DPCD工艺为18MPa、30℃、30min,在此工艺下鲜切莲藕的PPO、POD残存酶活分别下降到24.14%、10.84%,L*值为71.50。贮藏一周后PPO、POD残存酶活只有22.32%、13.72%,L*值为66.31。DPCD处理鲜切莲藕,能有效钝化PPO、POD酶活性,较好地保护鲜切莲藕的色泽和品质。      

短波紫外线处理对鲜切莲藕酶促褐变的影响

以'粉红藕'为试材,研究了短波紫外线处理对鲜切莲藕4℃冷藏过程中褐变效果的影响。主要分析了不同照射剂量(1.0、3.0和5.0 kJ/m²)下鲜切莲藕色泽、失水率、硬度、没食子酸含量、儿茶酚含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等对生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,5.0 kJ/m²剂量UV-C处理的鲜切莲藕褐变指数在贮藏第12 d时低于30,显著低于对照和其他处理组(P<0.05),5.0 kJ/m²剂量UV-C处理可通过抑制褐变底物儿茶酚、没食子酸与PPO反应来延缓鲜切莲藕的酶促褐变,并通过延缓硬度的下降,提高鲜切莲藕的贮藏品质。综合保鲜效果得出,12 d的贮藏期内,5.0 kJ/m²剂量UV-C处理抑制鲜切莲藕的褐变效果最佳。     

Effects of chitosan-based coating and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on browning and shelf life of fresh-cut lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth)

The present study investigated the effect of chitosan coating containing antibrowning agents and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the browning and shelf life of fresh-cut lotus root stored at 4 °C for 10 days. The atmosphere in the packages was evaluated for O₂ and CO₂ concentrations. The browning on the surface of lotus root slices was prevented by chitosan-based coating and MAP treatment. L* values of coated + MAP and control samples were 68.8 and 48.9 after 8 days storage, respectively. For a^? and b^? values, samples of coated + MAP treatment had the slowest increasing trends among all the treatments. At the end of storage, the coated + MAP samples exhibited the lowest polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Its highest overall visual quality (OVQ) scores (> 7) demonstrated that chitosan-based coating + MAP treatment could provide a better inhibitory effect on the browning and extend the shelf life of fresh-cut lotus root.Industrial relevance: Fresh-cut vegetables have drawn the attention of industry as a novel lightly processed product. Both edible coating and MAP treatment cause changes in atmosphere composition and respiration rate of lotus root slices. This combined treatment could be used to control the browning and improve the storage life of this fresh-cut vegetable. This information could be useful for the development of novel application to edible coating and MAP design for lightly processed lotus root.     

4种不同切割方式对鲜切莲藕品质和抗氧化性的影响

目的 分析比较4种不同切割方法处理莲藕在贮藏期间品质和抗氧化性的变化,筛选出最优的切割莲藕方式,为鲜切莲藕加工和贮藏提供理论基础。方法 以鄂莲5号莲藕为原料,采用去皮、切片、切丝以及切碎4种不同切割方式进行处理,分析菌落总数、色泽、呼吸强度、抗坏血酸、酚类物质、活性氧以及抗氧化酶等在贮藏期间的变化。结果 对比4种切割方式,去皮处理有效抑制菌落总数和失重率的增加,延缓鲜切莲藕褐变,更好维持莲藕的色泽。同时鲜切处理能够增强苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶活性,诱导酚类物质含量积累,且随着切割损伤的越强而降低。去皮处理能够显著提高鲜切莲藕的总酚含量,其含量从140.46mg/kg增加到191.03mg/kg,增加率为36%,同时提高了1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼清除率和超氧化物歧化酶活性,提高率分别为84.01%和15.4%。结论 与切片、切丝和切碎处理相比,去皮处理能够显著抑制鲜切莲藕的褐变,同时诱导酚类物质含量增加,增强1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼清除率和超氧化物歧化酶活性,从而提高鲜切莲藕的抗氧化能力。     

精准温度处理对鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的影响

为了明确精准温度处理对防褐变剂处理后鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的调控作用,采用防褐变剂（质量分数1.0%无水柠檬酸+0.1%抗坏血酸钙+0.2% L-天门冬氨酸）处理鲜切莲藕,在相温（?0.5±0.1）℃、冰温（?0.5±0.3）℃和冷藏（4±1）℃的条件下贮藏,研究不同精准温度对鲜切莲藕表观色泽、褐变底物与相关酶活性、生理指标和营养品质的影响。结果表明,贮藏6 d时,精准温度（相温、冰温）处理可以延缓L*的降低、a*和褐变度的增加,抑制总酚的下降和褐变相关酶多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,其中相温贮藏维持鲜切莲藕原有色泽最佳。在贮藏过程中,精准温度（相温、冰温）处理能够抑制鲜切莲藕呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率、相对电导率和丙二醛含量上升,同时延缓鲜切莲藕还原糖的升高和V_C含量的下降。通过SPSS综合评分显示,相温组综合得分最高,主成分分析显示,相温组与多酚氧化酶、相对电导率、褐变度、丙二醛、a*的相关性较低。因此,相温贮藏更好地延缓鲜切莲藕贮藏期间褐变的发生并维持其品质。     

Effect of Natural Antibrowning Agents on Color and Related Enzymes in Fresh-Cut Fuji Apples as an Alternative to the Use of Ascorbic Acid

ABSTRACT:  Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were evaluated in fresh-cut Fuji apple slices and the effect of the individual or combined use of ascorbic acid, 4-hexylresorcinol, N-acetylcysteine, and glutathione on their respective activities was determined. Additionally, color changes during storage at 4 °C were measured throughout 14 d of storage. PPO activity increased with storage time and was inhibited by the individual use of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione. POD activity in the apple slices was effectively inhibited by the combined use of ascorbic acid with any of the other antibrowning agents. On the other hand, an individual treatment with 1% N-acetylcysteine helped in maintaining the color of fresh-cut apples during 14 d of storage, whereas the use of ascorbic acid was not enough to prevent color deterioration of the apple slices from the 1st day of storage. The results obtained corroborated the effectiveness of other natural antibrowning agents over the traditional use of ascorbic acid in the control of the enzymatic browning in the fresh-cut fruit industry.     

Inhibition of Browning on Fresh-cut Pear Wedges by Natural Compounds

ABSTRACT: Mechanical operations such as peeling and cutting during minimal processing involve enzymatic browning of fruit tissue. The objective of this work was to evaluate the individual and combined effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, and 4-hexylresorcinol to control pear browning. Browning of fresh-cut pears was prevented by a minimum concentration of 0.75% N-acetyl-L-cysteine up to 28 d at 4°C. Reduced glutathione treatments were also effective along the storage time although browning was observed after 21 d of storage with a dip of 0.75% reduced glutathione. However, ascorbic acid or 4-hexylresorcinol treatments did not seem to completely prevent browning of pear wedges throughout the storage period. An enhanced antibrowning effect was observed when combining both N-acetyl-L-cysteine and reduced glutathione, considering hue angle as color change index. Thus, hue angle reached maximum levels at 1.5% N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or 1.5% glutathione (GSH) and 1% NAC with 1% GSH for 28 d. Besides, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, reduced glutathione and 4-hexylresorcinol completely inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity as well as browning inhibitors slightly reduced firmness of fresh-cut pears.