集成神经网络与自适应算法的分数阶滑模控制

针对被控对象的参数时变和外部扰动问题,本文融合神经网络的万能逼近能力和自适应控制技术,并结合分数阶微积分理论,提出了基于神经网络和自适应控制算法的分数阶滑模控制策略.本文采用等效控制的方法设计滑模控制律,并利用神经网络的万能逼近能力估测控制律的变化,结合自适应控制算法和分数阶微积分理论抑制传统滑模控制系统的抖震,同时根据Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了系统的稳定性,最后给出了实验结果.实验结果表明,本文提出的基于神经网络和自适应控制算法的分数阶滑模控制系统,能保持滑模控制器对系统外部扰动和参数变化鲁棒性的同时,也能有效地抑制抖震,使得系统获得较高的控制性能.     

Adaptive neural sliding mode compensator for a class of nonlinear systems with unmodeled uncertainties

This paper addresses the problem of adaptive neural sliding mode control for a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinear system. The control strategy is an inverse nonlinear controller combined with an adaptive neural network with sliding mode control using an on-line learning algorithm. The adaptive neural network with sliding mode control acts as a compensator for a conventional inverse controller in order to improve the control performance when the system is affected by variations in its entire structure (kinematics and dynamics). The controllers are obtained by using Lyapunov's stability theory. Experimental results of a case study show that the proposed method is effective in controlling dynamic systems with unexpected large uncertainties.     

车载惯性稳定平台的神经网络滑模控制

三轴车载惯性稳定平台为复杂的MIMO非线性系统,针对其在不确定扰动下的伺服控制问题,本文设计了一种神经网络反演滑模控制器(NNBSMC).首先,选用反演法对其解耦,同时引入滑模控制律增加系统的抗干扰性;其次针对框架间的非线性摩擦力与系统耦合选用RBF神经网络作为扰动估计器,以便实时估计与补偿;然后采用前向增稳通道应对建...     

Neural network based adaptive fuzzy PID-type sliding mode attitude control for a reentry vehicle

This work investigates the attitude control of reentry vehicle under modeling inaccuracies and external disturbances. A robust adaptive fuzzy PID-type sliding mode control (AFPID-SMC) is designed with the utilization of radial basis function (RBF) neural network. In order to improve the transient performance and ensure small steady state tracking error, the gain parameters of PID-type sliding mode manifold are adjusted online by using adaptive fuzzy logic system (FLS). Additionally, the designed new adaptive law can ensure that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Meanwhile, the problem of the actuator saturation, caused by integral term of sliding mode manifold, is avoided even under large initial tracking error. Furthermore, to eliminate the need of a priori knowledge of the disturbance upper bound, RBF neural network observer is used to estimate the disturbance information. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved via Lyapunov direct approach. Finally, the numerical simulations verify that the proposed controller is better than conventional PID-type SMC in terms of improving the transient performance and robustness.

     

Second-order terminal sliding mode control of uncertain multivariable systems

A second-order terminal sliding mode controller for uncertain multivariable systems is proposed in this paper. The controller adopts the hierarchical control structure. The paper derives the state transform matrices which are used to transform a multivariable linear system to the block controllable form consisting of two subsystems, an input–output subsystem and a stable internal dynamic subsystem. The proposed controller utilizes a non-singular terminal sliding mode manifold for the input–output subsystem to realize fast convergence and better tracking precision. Meanwhile, a chattering-free second-order terminal sliding mode control law is presented. The stability of uncertain multivariable systems can be realized using the proposed controller. A derivative estimator is utilized in the paper to estimate the derivatives of the sliding mode functions for the controller. The simulation results are presented to validate the design method.     

Direct adaptive neural control of nonlinear systems with extreme learning machine

A direct adaptive neural control scheme for a class of nonlinear systems is presented in the paper. The proposed control scheme incorporates a neural controller and a sliding mode controller. The neural controller is constructed based on the approximation capability of the single-hidden layer feedforward network (SLFN). The sliding mode controller is built to compensate for the modeling error of SLFN and system uncertainties. In the designed neural controller, its hidden node parameters are modified using the recently proposed neural algorithm named extreme learning machine (ELM), where they are assigned random values. However, different from the original ELM algorithm, the output weight is updated based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach to guarantee the stability of the overall control system. The proposed adaptive neural controller is finally applied to control the inverted pendulum system with two different reference trajectories. The simulation results demonstrate good tracking performance of the proposed control scheme.     

分数阶Chen混沌系统的径向基函数神经滑模控制

针对带有参数扰动和外部干扰的分数阶Chen混沌系统, 提出一种径向基函数(RBF)神经滑模控制方法. 设计滑模切换函数, 将其作为RBF神经网络的唯一输入, 网络的权值可依据滑模趋近条件在线调整. 基于Lyapunov稳定性理论, 分析了该方法的稳定性. 仿真结果表明该控制方法简化了常规神经网络控制结构的复杂性, 削弱了滑模控制的抖振程度, 对参数扰动和外部干扰具有较好的鲁棒性.     

机器人的非奇异终端神经滑模轨迹跟踪控制

针对具有不确定性的机器人系统,为提高系统的稳态跟踪精度,提出一种非奇异终端神经滑模轨迹跟踪控制方案.控制器采用改进的非奇异终端滑模面,并基于径向基函数神经网络自适应调整控制律的切换项,不但克服了在设计中需要知道系统不确定性的上界的限制,而且平滑了控制信号.可应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的渐近稳定性和跟踪误差的渐近收敛性.仿真结果验证了控制方法不仅能够保证机器人系统轨迹跟踪控制的快速性和鲁棒性,而且有效地削弱了抖振,可见方案是可行且有效的.     

Robust control of robotic manipulators based on integral sliding mode

For rigid body robot manipulators, the computed torque approach provides asymptotic stability for tracking control tasks. However, the state dependent matrices needed to complete the computed torque algorithm are normally unknown and possibly too complex for a real-time implementation. This paper proposes a simple controller with computed-torque-like structure enhanced by integral sliding mode, having pole-placement capability. For the reduction of the chattering effect generated by the sliding mode part, the integral sliding mode is posed as a perturbation estimator with quasi-continuous control action provided by an additional low-pass filter. The time-constant of the latter tunes the controller functionality between the perturbation compensation and a pure integral sliding mode control, as well as between chattering reduction and system robustness. A comparative simulation study between conventional sliding mode control, integral sliding mode control, and integral sliding mode in form of a perturbation estimator for a two-link robot arm validates the proposed design.     

未知非线性系统自适应改进RBF滑模控制

针对一类未知的非线性系统,利用输入/输出线性化将其变换为部分线性可控系统,通过RBF神经网络对未知非线性函数进行逼近,提出了一种基于RBF神经网络的自适应滑模控制,并设计了自适应滑模控制器;提出了一种连续函数,很好地减少了抖振现象,使得闭环系统状态一致稳定最终有界。实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Stable indirect adaptive neural controller for a class of nonlinear system

The paper presents an indirect adaptive neural control scheme for a general high-order nonlinear continuous system. In the proposed scheme a neural controller is constructed based on the single-hidden layer feedforward network (SLFN) for approximating the unknown nonlinearities of dynamic systems. A sliding mode controller is also incorporated to compensate for the modelling errors of SLFN. The parameters of the SLFN are modified using the recently proposed neural algorithm named extreme learning machine (ELM), where the parameters of the hidden nodes are assigned randomly. However different from the original ELM algorithm, the output weights are updated based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach to guarantee the stability of the overall control system, even in the presence of modelling errors which are offset using the sliding mode controller. Finally the proposed adaptive neural controller is applied to control the inverted pendulum system with two different reference trajectories. The simulation results demonstrate that good tracking performance is achieved by the proposed control scheme.     

Distributed consensus control for multi‐agent systems using terminal sliding mode and Chebyshev neural networks

This paper investigates the problem of consensus tracking control for second‐order multi‐agent systems in the presence of uncertain dynamics and bounded external disturbances. The communication ?ow among neighbor agents is described by an undirected connected graph. A fast terminal sliding manifold based on lumped state errors that include absolute and relative state errors is proposed, and then a distributed finite‐time consensus tracking controller is developed by using terminal sliding mode and Chebyshev neural networks. In the proposed control scheme, Chebyshev neural networks are used as universal approximators to learn unknown nonlinear functions in the agent dynamics online, and a robust control term using the hyperbolic tangent function is applied to counteract neural‐network approximation errors and external disturbances, which makes the proposed controller be continuous and hence chattering‐free. Meanwhile, a smooth projection algorithm is employed to guarantee that estimated parameters remain within some known bounded sets. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme for each agent only employs the information of its neighbor agents and guarantees a group of agents to track a time‐varying reference trajectory even when the reference signals are available to only a subset of the group members. Most importantly, finite‐time stability in both the reaching phase and the sliding phase is guaranteed by a Lyapunov‐based approach. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller and show that the proposed controller exceeds to a linear hyperplane‐based sliding mode controller. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电液位置伺服系统的多滑模神经网络控制

针对电液位置伺服系统存在的强非线性、控制增益未知和非匹配不确定性.通过引入神经网络和带饱和层的多滑模面,提出了一种多滑模神经网络控制方法.该方法运用神经网络的万能逼近特性和滑模控制优良的抗干扰特点,采用构造性方法设计控制器.运用光滑投影算法和积分李雅普诺夫技术,避免了参数漂移和控制器奇异问题.理论证明了系统跟踪误差收敛于任意设定的滑模面饱和层内.仿真实验表明了理论结果的有效性.     

Sliding mode neural network inference fuzzy logic control foractive suspension systems

In the automotive industry, suspension systems are designed to provide desirable vehicle ride and handling properties. This paper presents the development of a robust intelligent nonlinear controller for active suspension systems based on a comprehensive and realistic nonlinear model. The inherent complex nonlinear system model's structure, and the presence of parameter uncertainties, have increased the difficulties of applying conventional linear and nonlinear control techniques. Recently, the combination of sliding mode, fuzzy logic, and neural network methodologies has emerged as a promising technique for dealing with complex uncertain systems. In this paper, a sliding mode neural network inference fuzzy logic controller is designed for automotive suspension systems in order to enhance the ride and comfort. Extensive simulations are performed on a quarter-car model, and the results show that the proposed controller outperforms existing conventional controllers with regard to body acceleration, suspension deflection, and tire deflection     

Robust control for a class of time-delay uncertain nonlinear systems based on sliding mode observer

In this paper, a robust control scheme is proposed for a class of time-delay uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown input using the sliding mode observer. The sliding mode state observer is given with radial basis function neural networks, and then the robust control scheme is presented based on the designed sliding mode observer. The developed observer-based control scheme consists of two parts. One term is a linear controller and the other term is a neural network controller. Using the Lyapunov method, a criterion for bounded stability of the closed-loop system is developed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust control scheme.     

Hybrid Adaptive Type‐2 Fuzzy Tracking Control of Chaotic Oscillation Damping of Power Systems

In this paper a novel hybrid direct/indirect adaptive fuzzy neural network (FNN) moving sliding mode tracking controller for chaotic oscillation damping of power systems is developed. The proposed approach is established by providing a tradeoff between the indirect and direct FNN controllers. It is equipped with a novel moving sliding surface (MSS) to enhance the robustness of the controller against the present system uncertainties and unknown disturbances. The major contribution of the paper arises from the new simple tuning idea of the sliding surface slope and intercept of the MSS. This study is novel because the approach adopted tunes the sliding surface slope and intercept of MSS using two simple rules simultaneously. One advantage of the proposed approach is that the restriction of knowing the bounds of uncertainties is also removed due to the adaptive mechanism. Moreover, the stability of the control system is also presented. The proposed controller structure is successfully employed to damp the complicated chaotic oscillations of an interconnected power system, when such oscillations can be made by load perturbation of a power system working on its stability edges. Comparative simulation results are presented, which confirm that the proposed hybrid adaptive type‐2 fuzzy tracking controller shows superior tracking performance.     

Robust Tracking Control For A Wheeled Mobile Manipulator With Dual Arms Using Hybrid Sliding‐Mode Neural Network

In this paper, a robust tracking controller is proposed for the trajectory tracking problem of a dual‐arm wheeled mobile manipulator subject to some modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. Based on backstepping techniques, the design procedure is divided into two levels. In the kinematic level, the auxiliary velocity commands for each subsystem are first presented. A sliding‐mode equivalent controller, composed of neural network control, robust scheme and proportional control, is constructed in the dynamic level to deal with the dynamic effect. To deal with inadequate modeling and parameter uncertainties, the neural network controller is used to mimic the sliding‐mode equivalent control law; the robust controller is designed to compensate for the approximation error and to incorporate the system dynamics into the sliding manifold. The proportional controller is added to improve the system's transient performance, which may be degraded by the neural network's random initialization. All the parameter adjustment rules for the proposed controller are derived from the Lyapunov stability theory and e‐modification such that uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) can be assured. A comparative simulation study with different controllers is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于神经网络的机器人二阶滑模控制

本文提出了一种基于神经网络与二阶滑模控制融合的控制策略用于非线性机器人控制,设计了一种新颖简易的二阶滑模控制方法,有效地避免了常规变结构控制的抖震问题,并采用神经网络辨识未知的机器人的非线性模型,通过Lyapunov直接法设计网络的权值更新率,确保了系统闭环全局渐近稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于神经网络的多机械臂固定时间同步控制

针对动力学模型未知的多机械臂系统,提出了一种基于神经网络的固定时间终端滑模的位置同步控制器。首先结合相邻交叉耦合同步控制策略,设计固定时间终端滑模面与控制器,保证系统的跟踪误差与同步误差在固定时间内收敛,且收敛时间上界与初始状态无关。其次,设计RBF神经网络权值更新律估计系统多机械臂未知非线性动力学模型,该方法无需对系统模型参数的先验知识。利用Lyapunov函数证明系统的固定时间收敛性与稳定性。最后,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

船舶航向控制的多滑模鲁棒自适应设计

针对带有未知虚拟控制增益和常参数不确定的非匹配不确定船舶航向非线性控制问题,设计了一种新的多滑模鲁棒自适应控制算法.该算法利用神经网络来逼近系统模型的不确定性;应用逐步递推的多滑模控制算法降低了控制器的复杂性;尤其是采用Nussbaum函数处理系统中符号未知的问题,避免了可能存在的控制器奇异值问题;然后借助Lyapunov稳定性分析方法,理论分析证明了所得闭环系统全局一致最终有界,且跟踪误差收敛到零.仿真试验结果表明,该方法具有较好的控制效果.