高精度光电编码器莫尔条纹信号质量分析方法

针对莫尔条纹信号质量对高精度编码器细分误差的影响,提出了基于离散傅里叶变换分析莫尔条纹信号质量的方法。该方法利用信号重构和傅里叶变换算法得到信号参数,真实地反应了莫尔条纹信号质量,提高了细分误差测量的准确性。编码器转动时,采集相位差为/2 的两路精码正弦光电信号,通过对采样信号的重构得到信号波形,利用离散傅里叶变换算法分析重构波形,求解信号的直流分量、幅值、相位和谐波分量等各项参数。最后,根据信号参数与细分误差的关系得到光电编码器的细分误差值,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,对某24 位绝对式光电轴角编码器细分误差进行测量,细分误差的峰值为+0.48和-0.21。相对于传统的细分误差测量方法,此方法测量速度快,测量精度高,适用于工作现场。     

Hybrid error concealment method combining exemplar-based image inpainting and spatial interpolation

This paper proposes an efficient error concealment method for the reconstruction of pixels that are lost in video communication. The proposed method is developed by combining exemplar-based image inpainting for patch reconstruction and spatial interpolation for pixel reconstruction using adaptive threshold by local complexity. By exemplar-based image inpainting, regions with regular structures are reconstructed. For complex regions with irregular structures, just one pixel is reconstructed using the proposed spatial interpolation method. The proposed spatial interpolation method performs reconstruction by selecting adaptively directional interpolation or neighbor interpolation based on gradient information. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid method performs reconstruction with significantly improved subjective quality compared with the previous spatial error concealment and image inpainting methods. The proposed method also gives substantial improvements of PSNR compared with the previous methods.     

An efficient algorithm for MR image reconstruction without low spatial frequencies

It is demonstrated that if the image to be reconstructed is known to have some zero-valued pixels, the dynamic ranges can be better used by disregarding the largest signals and using signal restoration methods. Low-frequency and high-frequency signals are related, using the knowledge that some pixels are zero, by a set of linear equations in which the number of equations is equal to the number of zero pixels, and the number of unknowns is equal to the number of low-frequency signal samples rejected. An improved Fourier transform (FT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method based on a least-square-error (LSE) technique, and an efficient algorithm for signal restoration when the low-frequency components are discarded are presented. In this method, the regions of support in both the image domain and the frequency domain can have arbitrary shapes, and all zero pixels in the image domain can be taken into account. The algorithm has been tested on simulated and experimental data with acceptable results     

条纹投影动态3维测量中相位高精度估计

为了提高条纹投影动态3-D形貌测量精度, 采用加窗傅里叶分析辅助相移的方法来减小运动导致的相移误差。首先采用加窗傅里叶分析法估计变形条纹间的实际相移量, 然后采用最小二乘法估计出变形条纹的高精度相位分布, 最后由估计的相位计算得到场景3维形貌。理论分析了物体运动对相移量的影响, 通过仿真研究了所提方法的相移量估计精度, 并搭建了实验系统进行验证。结果表明, 实验中采用所提方法的相位恢复精度达到0.1673rad, 比现有方法有明显提高。该方法用来提高条纹投影动态3-D形貌测量中相位精度是有效的。     

Reconstruction of baseline JPEG coded images in error proneenvironments

A two-stage method for the reconstruction of missing data in the transmission of baseline JPEG coded images in error prone environments is proposed. In the first stage, we estimate the values of the missing DC coefficients. As effects of errors in estimating the missing DC values will appear as a number of stripes across the image, a technique for removing such stripes is also developed. In the second stage, the data of missing blocks is reconstructed by exploiting the correlation between adjacent blocks. Simulation results intricate that our reconstruction method performs very well. The two key contributions of our method are that it does not assume nondifferential encoding of the DC coefficients, and that it performs well in the reconstruction of diagonal edges.     

傅里叶变换光谱仪非渐变相位误差的校正方法

研究了相位误差起伏性较大、不满足随波数缓慢变化时的干涉型傅里叶变换光谱仪谱线相位误差的校正方法,根据实序列傅里叶变换的性质和离散傅里叶变换的性质,将过零单边干涉图采样数据和短双边干涉图采样数据分别作为复数序列的实部和虚部,组成一组复数序列,对此复数序列进行一次傅里叶变换,能够避免当相位误差起伏性较大时,对相位误差进行多项式拟合带来的较大误差,可以获得高精度的光谱。研究结果表明,当相位误差不能满足随波数缓慢变换时,传统的Mertz乘积法不能校正此时的相位误差,而实验中提出的方法能够校正此类相位误差,并且获得理想的光谱曲线,可以广泛地应用到干涉型傅里叶变换光谱仪的光谱反演中。     

New approach to extract phase feature of 3-D objects by wavelength-scanning digital holography

Phaseinformationisoneofkeyfeaturesfor3Dob jectsespeciallyforalmosttransparentobject,suchas somebiologicaltissues.Thus,phasefeaturesaremost widelyappliedinrecognization,opticalmetrologyandsoon.Somemethodshavebeenproposedtoobtainthe phaseinformation[14]ofa3…     

线性啁啾脉冲频谱干涉特性的模拟研究

为了研究宽带脉冲因受外界瞬态扰动而引起的相移随频谱变化的规律,利用啁啾脉冲与扰动在频域上的卷积特性,采取将频谱干涉技术和线性啁啾脉冲相结合,当两束线性啁啾脉冲在频率域相遇时,相同的频谱成分产生干涉,从其干涉图中得到随脉冲频谱变化的相对相移。根据傅里叶变换的频谱干涉技术,对从两束线性啁啾脉冲的频谱干涉图中提取相移进行了数值模拟。结果表明,对假设具有不同类型的相移进行重构,还原出随频谱变化的相位扰动。这一结果对超快光学中的瞬态测量是有帮助的。     

Zernike-moment-based image super resolution

Multiframe super-resolution (SR) reconstruction aims to produce a high-resolution (HR) image using a set of low-resolution (LR) images. In the process of reconstruction, fuzzy registration usually plays a critical role. It mainly focuses on the correlation between pixels of the candidate and the reference images to reconstruct each pixel by averaging all its neighboring pixels. Therefore, the fuzzy-registration-based SR performs well and has been widely applied in practice. However, if some objects appear or disappear among LR images or different angle rotations exist among them, the correlation between corresponding pixels becomes weak. Thus, it will be difficult to use LR images effectively in the process of SR reconstruction. Moreover, if the LR images are noised, the reconstruction quality will be affected seriously. To address or at least reduce these problems, this paper presents a novel SR method based on the Zernike moment, to make the most of possible details in each LR image for high-quality SR reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of robustness and visual effects.     

无反馈分布式视频编码中Wyner-Ziv帧的顽健重构算法

在无反馈分布式视频编码系统中,提出了一种Wyner-Ziv帧的顽健重构算法。针对比特面解码错误带来的视频质量下降问题,对DC系数和AC系数使用不同重构方法,特别是对于解码失败的DC系数量化值,利用编码端原始图像的相关信息自适应地调整边信息量化值和解码失败量化值对重构的贡献,从而完成重构。实验结果表明,与最小均方误差重构算法相比,该算法可以有效提高解码视频的平均PSNR(peak signal-to-noise ratio),且解码视频图像的主观质量有明显改善。     

CT filtration aliasing artifacts

Two methods for filtering computerized tomography (CT) projections for the filtered backprojection reconstruction algorithm are evaluated. The methods are based on derivations made in the spatial and Fourier domains. The Fourier method of filtration produces images with DC shifts and low-frequency shading. The spatial method does not generate similar artifacts. It is shown that the artifacts result because of aliasing artifacts that arise when a spatial waveform with infinite extent is sampled in the Fourier domain. It is also shown that it is possible to connect the artifacts generated with the Fourier method by replacing the DC and the first two frequency components with the corresponding terms from the discrete Fourier transforms of the filter used in the spatial method.     

横向剪切原理在投影栅去基频中的应用

基于投影栅的3维面形测量中,包裹相位的提取过程中不可避免地会引入载频分量。为了准确地还原受物体3维形貌所调制的真实相位,必须要消除载频相位,采用剪切原理消除投影栅中的载频,首先通过对光场作剪切转化为相位梯度分布的新光场,再联合最小二乘解包裹算法进行相位展开,并与现有的方法进行了对比。结果表明,该方法能够有效地消除载频,减小重建误差,且其算法简单,可使重构相位值更接近待测的真实相位值。该方法在投影栅去载频的研究中是可行和有效的。     

Analysis of low-complexity windowed DFT-based MMSE channelestimator for OFDM systems

Low-complexity windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimators are proposed and analyzed for both the interpolation and noninterpolation cases for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communications systems. In the proposed method, the frequency domain data windowing is used to reduce the aliasing errors for the interpolation case and get better noise filtering performance for the noninterpolation case. The time domain MMSE weighting is also used to suppress the channel noise for both cases. Moreover, the optimal generalized Hanning window shape is searched to minimize the channel estimation mean square error (MSE). Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method performance is close to the optimal MMSE estimator and is much better than the direct DFT-based estimator for both cases. Compared with the optimal MMSE estimator, however, the computation load of the proposed method can be significantly reduced because the IDFT/DFT transforms can be implemented with the fast algorithms IFFT/FFT     

A Segmentation-Based Chroma Intra Prediction Coding Scheme for H.264/AVC

In this paper, we propose a novel segmentation-based intra prediction coding scheme for low-bitrate video coding. Different coding schemes are separately designed for the luma and chroma components in our proposed method. The traditional block-based coding scheme is still used for the luma components, and the segmentation-based coding scheme is developed for the chroma components. The segmentation operation is used for the reconstructed luma components, which groups similar pixels together and produces a set of homogenous regions. Here, these local and homogenous regions are referred to superpixels. By utilizing the spatial correlation between the luma and chroma planes, we transfer the segmentation result of the luma components to the chroma components, which will not induce any side information in the chroma intra prediction coding. Instead of using the macroblock (MB) as the coding unit, the proposed method implements the chroma intra prediction in each superpixel, and the original pixels in each superpixel are employed to substitute the neighboring reconstructed samples in the prediction process. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve an average 0.20 dB and up to 0.63 dB coding gains in comparison to the directional intra prediction scheme for H.264/AVC low-bitrate video coding.     

Novel phase difference extraction method of FPP system based on DWT and OMP algorithm

In this paper, to reduce the non-linear phase error caused by gamma effect of the digital projector, a novel phase difference extraction method is proposed. First, through multi-layer discrete wavelet decomposition(DWT), the components of the original phase difference at different frequencies are extracted. Subsequently, the effective components are taken by the orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP) algorithm, and the phase difference is reconstructed. According to the upper and lower envelopes of the original phase difference extracted by cubic spline interpolation, the residual threshold of OMP is set. According to the results of three-dimensional(3-D) reconstruction experiment on a standard sphere, the proposed method is capable of reducing the errors in the original phase difference and achieving a better imaging result.     

用全相位傅氏法重构间断信号

为利用有限的信息为最小误差重构间断信号,将全相位处理的思想与传统傅氏逼近相结合,利用对信号离散采样后得到的DFT系数,并充分利用高次谐波信息,形成了全相位傅氏重构法。理论和实验表明:用全相位傅氏法对间断信号进行重构的波形,相比于传统的连续傅氏积分逼近和离散傅氏重构的波形,具有更小的误差。     

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的码元速率估计

现有的相位编码信号码元速率估计方法在样本点足够多的情况下才能准确估计出参数,且算法复杂度高。针对此问题,该文详细分析了BPSK信号的结构特征,并以此为先验信息对其循环自相关(CA)向量进行压缩采样,降低了传统贝叶斯复数处理方法的维度。利用压缩传感中离散傅里叶变换矩阵的奇偶性,分解传感矩阵为正弦和余弦变换,分别将CA向量的实虚部转换到对应变换域测量,根据复数信号实虚部具有相同支撑集这一特点,采用多任务稀疏贝叶斯重构时延积向量的单边谱分量,从而估计出码元频率。理论分析和仿真结果表明,相较于其它基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的参数估计算法,所提方法在测量数量较少的情况下也能准确估计出循环频率,且算法实时性显著提高。     

Compressively sampled light field reconstruction using orthogonal frequency selection and refinement

This paper considers the compressive sensing framework as a way of overcoming the spatio-angular trade-off inherent to light field acquisition devices. We present a novel method to reconstruct a full 4D light field from a sparse set of data samples or measurements. The approach relies on the assumption that sparse models in the 4D Fourier domain can efficiently represent light fields. The proposed algorithm reconstructs light fields by selecting the frequencies of the Fourier basis functions that best approximate the available samples in 4D hyper-blocks. The performance of the reconstruction algorithm is further improved by enforcing orthogonality of the approximation residue at each iteration, i.e. for each selected basis function. Since sparsity is better preserved in the continuous Fourier domain, we propose to refine the selected frequencies by searching for neighboring non-integer frequency values. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm yields performance improvements of more than 1 dB compared to state-of-the-art compressive light field reconstruction methods. The frequency refinement step also significantly enhances the visual quality of reconstruction results of our method by a 1.8 dB average.     

基于模数混合子带划分的信号重构建模分析与优化

为了应对宽带阻塞式干扰,通信干扰对消系统通常应用基于子带划分的干扰对消技术来提升宽带干扰抑制能力,同时为了兼顾通信性能,将子带信号重构恢复为通信信号,保障通信质量。该文采用模拟电路与数字处理相结合的方式,搭建了子带划分与信号重构框架,通过模拟滤波器实现第1级宽滤波,减小信号处理带宽,利用数字滤波器完成第2级窄滤波,进一步提高信号信噪比。针对通信信号在子带划分过程中,存在跨子带重构失真的问题,建立了子带划分与信号重构系统时频域模型,分析子带间幅相不一致对信号重构的影响。为了解决重构信号的幅相不一致问题,提出了相位校准方法与滤波器幅频优化方法,从幅度和相位两方面同时保证跨子带信号的近似无失真重构。仿真与实验结果表明,该文所设计的滤波器幅频响应具有良好的重构精度,并且解决了跨子带信号重构的相位失真问题,有效降低了重构通信信号的误码率。     

Windowing Design Method for Polynomial-Based Interpolation Filters

An efficient implementation for finding digitally the interpolated samples is the Farrow structure. It mimics digitally a hybrid system where a continuous-time (CT) signal is reconstructed using an analog reconstruction filter having a piecewise-polynomial impulse response. The interpolated samples are obtained by sampling reconstructed signal. This paper introduces a generalized design method for polynomial-based interpolation filters and Farrow structure. The proposed method also can be used to calculate the coefficients of Selva interpolator. In this approach, the ideal CT impulse response is truncated by using CT window functions. The obtained windowed impulse response is then approximated using the piecewise Taylor polynomial approximation. Length of the impulse response and degree of the approximating polynomial can be arbitrarily selected, and in this way the transition band width can be controlled. However, if CT fixed-window functions are used, the stopband attenuation is determined by window type and remains approximately constant with increase of length and order of the impulse response. The stopband attenuation can be controlled by using CT dynamic windows such as Kaiser window. The presented windowing design method is an effective tool for calculation of the Farrow structure coefficients, with filter performance that is comparable to the frequency domain design.