CH_4-CO_2重整转化反应器热平衡和流体阻力特性的研究

基于炭催化剂特性、原料气组成和重整转化反应器的尺寸参数,建立了重整反应器体系的物料平衡和热平衡方程;并针对形状不规则炭催化剂粒度分布的特点,研究了重整转化反应器内流体阻力特性。研究结果表明:1)CO和H2O的生成热量是系统的主要放热源,占系统热量收入的71.03%,吸热的主要反应为CH4和CO2的转化反应,其吸热量占系统热量支出的33.54%,高温气体带走的大量热量占54.11%,散热量占13.51%;2)炭催化剂床层的流体阻力是重整转化反应器流体阻力的主要部分,炭催化剂粒度越大,炭催化剂床层的阻力越小,最适宜粒度组成是25～35mm的占80%,15～25 mm的占15%,5～15 mm的占5%,此时炭催化剂床层的流体阻力为313.5Pa/m。     

CH4和CO2转化催化剂的研究

分别用弛放气和ＣＯ２以及纯ＣＨ４和ＣＯ２作气源,研究了ＴｉＯ２的加入对传统Ｎｉ系转化催化剂性能的影响。     

Mg、Ce修饰纳米Al_2O_3负载Ni催化剂对CH_4、CO_2重整反应制合成气的影响

考察了助剂Mg、Ce修饰的纳米A l2O3负载N i催化剂对CH4、CO2重整反应制合成气的反应性能影响,采用正交实验筛选催化剂。结果表明,N i含量在9%~13%时,催化剂表现出较好的活性;随Mg含量的增加,反应活性基本呈下降趋势,说明Mg降低了催化剂体系的反应性能;Ce的加入总体上提高了反应活性,但是当Ce含量为3%时,反应活性最好;从不经预还原实验和低温点反应实验推断出,CH4和CO2重整反应中关键反应步骤是CH4的裂解;助剂Ce有利于提高催化剂的稳定性,而Mg却会使催化剂的稳定性下降很快。     

Replacement of CH4 in Hydrate in Porous Sediments with Liquid CO2 Injection

The dynamics of the replacement of CH₄ in hydrate in porous sediments with liquid CO₂ was investigated using a self‐developed experimental apparatus at different temperatures and initial pressures. The pressure increases steadily as the replacement reaction processes. The amount of the replaced CH₄ is almost the same as that of the CO₂ forming hydrate in the early stage and gradually becomes somewhat less in the later stage. The initial pressure has minor effects on the replacement rate, and temperature reduction causes a lower replacement rate. The experimental results suggest that the replacement rate is not related to the region of the temperature‐pressure conditions but is mainly affected by the fugacity differences of CH₄ hydrate decomposition and CO₂ hydrate formation.     

CO2置换开采天然气水合物研究进展

介绍了近年来CO2置换开采天然气水合物技术的研究进展;论述了CO2与天然气水合物中CH4置换反应在热力学上的可能性;认为正确理解置换反应机理、探索新的反应技术并提高反应速率是置换开采技术走向产业化的关键。     

Dynamics adsorption of the enhanced CH4 recovery by CO2 injection

The dynamic adsorption isotherms of CO₂-EGR were measured by using an Intelligent Gravimetric Analysis system. In the initial CO₂ injecting stage, all the injected CO₂ enters into the adsorbent and the mole fraction of CH₄ in the gas phase () is maintained at 1.0. The CH₄ recovery factor () increases. The duration of this stage (t_CD) depends on the selectivity of CO₂ over CH₄ (). An adsorbent with large has long t_CD. In the second stage, the injected CO₂ competes with CH₄ for adsorption. The cumulative of the second stage is much larger than that of the initial stage. However, decreases sharply. in the whole CO₂ injection is always larger than that before CO₂ injection, suggesting that CH₄ desorption results from the displacement of CO₂ rather than from pressure depletion.     

Adsorption and separation of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 by 13X zeolite

Accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is responsible for increased global warming of our planet. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide mainly from flue gas, automobile and landfill gas (LFG) emissions are major contributors to this problem. In this work, CO₂, CH₄ and N₂ adsorption was studied on Ceca 13X zeolite by determining pure and binary mixture isotherms using a constant volume method and a concentration pulse chromatographic technique at 40 and 100°C. The experimental data were then compared to the predicted binary behaviour by extended Langmuir model. Results showed that the extended Langmuir theoretical adsorption model can only be applied as an approximation to predict the experimental binary behaviour for the systems studied. Equilibrium phase diagrams were obtained from the experimental binary isotherms. For these systems, the integral thermodynamic consistency tests were also conducted. It was found that Ceca 13X exhibits large CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ selectivity and could find application in landfill gas purification, CO₂ removal from natural gas and CO₂ removal from ambient air or flue gas streams. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

CH4-CO2重整催化剂用纳米MgO载体的制备

CO₂重整甲烷反应中，采用纳米MgO作为催化剂载体使其具有高的活性和稳定性。纳米MgO的制备以六水氯化镁和氨水为原料，考察了氯化镁的浓度、反应pH、反应温度、中间产物焙烧温度和焙烧介质以及表面活性剂聚乙二醇（PEG）对纳米MgO的影响，并用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及物理吸附仪（ASAP-2020）对产物进行了表征。通过适宜工艺条件的控制，制备了粒径约为20 nm、且基本上无团聚的纳米MgO。     

金属有机骨架材料在CO2/CH4吸附分离中的研究进展

CO₂/CH₄分离能耗高是生物甲烷过程核心难题之一。金属有机骨架材料（metal organic frameworks,MOFs）由于其优异的CO₂吸附分离性能,被视为最具潜力的CO₂分离捕集材料,近年来引起了广泛的关注。本文结合沼气的特点和MOFs研究的最新进展,对MOFs材料在CO₂/CH₄吸附分离过程的相关实验研究工作进行了综述。     

Ni含量对介孔Ni-CaO-ZrO2催化剂上CH4-CO2重整反应的影响研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备了Ni含量不同的介孔Ni-CaO-ZrO2纳米复合氧化物催化剂,研究了其在CH4-CO2重整反应中的催化性能。利用N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)以及程序升温氧化(TPO)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Ni含量对催化剂的物化性质和催化性能有较大影响,低Ni含量的催化剂具备较完善的介孔结构,该种结构非常有利于Ni物种的分散及其在高温下的抗烧结能力,从而提高了催化剂的稳定性;但过低的Ni负载量会造成催化剂表面Ni活性位过少,进而影响催化剂的活性;另一方面,Ni含量过高会导致催化剂介孔结构的坍塌,Ni在反应条件下烧结严重,大尺寸的Ni颗粒会大大增加积炭的生成,从而造成催化剂失活。     

Separation of CO2 and CH4 on CaX zeolite for use in Landfill gas separation

In this study, adsorption separation of main components of landfill gas, methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) was carried out. Henry's law constants, limiting heat of adsorption values, pure and binary isotherms for CO₂ and CH₄ were determined for CaX zeolite adsorbent. Pure isotherm data were compared to those for NaX zeolite from previous studies. The CO₂ adsorption capacity of CaX was greater than that of NaX; however, NaX's separation factor was higher. The heat of adsorption for CO₂ for CaX was higher than those for NaX. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

CH4-CaSO4和H2S-Fe2O3反应体系的热力学和动力学研究

The destruction of hydrocarbon in deep carbonate diagenetic environment is one of problems on the formation of oil and gas. Organic-inorganic reactions in the process of TSR(Thermochemical Sulfate Rednction) are the main reason to make disappearance of the hydrocarbons. The work in this field has often been the subject of much research work in recent years. In this paper, the thermodynamics of CH4-CaSO4 and H2S-Fe2O3 systems is discussed to investigate the possibility of reactions. It is found that these two reactions can proceed spontaneously.Increasing temperature is favorite for CH4-CaSO4 system but disfavorite for H2S-Fe2O3 system. Thermal simulation experiments were carried out using autoclave at high temperature and high pressure. The properties of the products were characterized by microcoulometry, FT-IR and XRD methods. On the basis of the experimental data, a reaction kinetic model is developed and kinetic parameters are determined.     

Atmospheric CO2/CH4 permeability of EVA copolymer/SiO2 composite membrane for biogas purification

The CO₂ and CH₄ permeabilities of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA)/SiO₂ composite membrane were investigated at atmospheric pressure. The membranes were fabricated by compression molding and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, a universal testing machine, and a contact angle analyzer. The effect of vinyl acetate content (18–33 wt%) was evaluated for both single-gas and mixed-gas permeation systems. A non-pressurized homemade-permeation cell was used for the single-gas permeation of CO₂ and CH₄, while a tubular membrane was utilized for a continuous separation of CO₂/CH₄ mixture. CO₂ flux was readily increased (from 0.7 to 2.0 ml/m².s) with vinyl acetate content (18–33 wt%). The enhanced CO₂ permeability is attributed to the increase in polarity and also the decrease in crystallinity of the membrane. A satisfied gas separation selectivity (CO₂/CH₄) of 4.31 could be obtained from tubular membrane with 28 wt% VA content. The incorporation of SiO₂ as a filler (0.5–2.0 wt%) especially increased the membrane polarity and hence the CO₂ flux up to 6.0 ml/m².s. However, the CH₄ flux was not affected by VA and SiO₂ contents.     

Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of RWGS processes for solar syngas production from CO2

Process systems were investigated for syngas production from CO₂ and renewable energy (solar) by the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) and the reverse water‐gas shift chemical looping (RWGS‐CL) process. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization was performed to maximize the solar‐to‐syngas (StS) efficiency η_StS. Special emphasis was laid on product gas separation. For RWGS‐CL, maximum StS efficiencies of 14.2 and 14.4% were achieved without and with heat integration, respectively. The StS efficiency is dictated by the low overall efficiency of H₂ production. RWGS‐CL is most beneficial for the production of pure CO, where the StS efficiency is one percent point higher compared to that of the RWGS process with heat integration. Heat integration leads to significant reductions in external heat demand since most of the gas phase process heat can be integrated. The StS efficiencies for RWGS and RWGS‐CL achieve the same level as the reported values for solar thermochemical syngas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 15–22, 2017     

CO2/CH4高分子气体分离膜材料研究进展

气体膜分离法正在成为分离CO2/CH4体系的一项重要技术。概括介绍了该领域国内外的主要高分子膜材料的研究进展,重点介绍了聚酰亚胺膜和促进传递膜材料,并提出了膜材料的改进方向,以期为制得更好的膜提供帮助。     

铁基化学链法调节合成气氢碳比及联产氢气的实验研究

利用固定床反应器考察了实验参数对调节用于费托合成的合成气中H2/CO及产氢的影响. 结果表明,500~800℃条件下,合成气(H2/CO为0.5)经过固定床反应器时,出口H2/CO可达0.87~0.53;通过在还原阶段通入适量水蒸汽,可有效提高调节H2/CO的能力,且能增加氧化阶段的产氢量. 此外,还原阶段加入水蒸汽还能有效抑制积碳生成,所制H2纯度接近100%. 在载氧体颗粒中加入石墨作为扩孔剂,可增强颗粒反应活性和稳定性,经过6个循环后,实际产氢量仍保持在理论产氢量的40%以上(不加石墨仅为20%)且仍保持一定的孔结构,而未加石墨的颗粒几乎完全烧结.