Celebrity's self-disclosure on Twitter and parasocial relationships: A mediating role of social presence

This study investigated how celebrities' self-disclosure on personal social media accounts, particularly Twitter, affects fans' perceptions. An online survey was utilized among a sample of 429 celebrity followers on Twitter. Results demonstrated that celebrities' professional self-disclosure (e.g., sharing their work-related life), personal self-disclosure (e.g., sharing their personal life such as friends and family), and fans' retweeting behavior, enhanced fans’ feeling of social presence, thereby positively affecting parasocial interaction with celebrities. Further, the study found that the effects of self-disclosure and retweeting on parasocial interaction were mediated by social presence. Implications and future research directions are provided.     

基于P2P的用户生产内容视频资源查找策略

现有用户生产内容(UGC)类视频系统通常采用C/S架构设计,导致了视频服务器极大的带宽压力。提出一种采用对等网(P2P)的在线短视频查找策略——FastSearch,其目的是利用视频资源之间的关联关系进行视频资源定位,以显著提高点播节点之间的视频分享效率并降低对视频服务器的带宽需求。实验表明FastSearch具备良好的视频数据源节点查找能力,集成了该查找策略的短视频系统能有效减少对视频服务器的带宽消耗。     

Revealing only the superficial me: Exploring categorical self-disclosure online

Despite previous research demonstrating that online self-disclosure occurs in an accelerated manner compared to offline interactions, little is known about the content of online disclosures. This study highlights a number of issues that arise when exploring the self-disclosure of different types of personal information in initial general online communications. Forty-eight students and 48 non-students completed a purpose-developed attitude towards online relationship formation questionnaire and Magno’s (2009) self-disclosure for beliefs, relationships, personal matters, interests and intimate feelings questionnaire. Findings suggest that people are more likely to self-disclose information online the more positive is their attitude towards forming relationships online. Moreover, this self-disclosure initially occurs only for superficial self-information relating to personal matters and interests, implying that it is the quantity of online exchanges that is enhanced rather than the quality thereof. These findings raise a number of issues relating to type of self-information disclosed online, as well as intent, Internet arena, social identity, privacy, trust, and general methodological issues that would benefit from further experimental exploration. Implications of the findings for future research to explore categorical self-disclosure online within an existing theoretical framework of self-categorisation and self-identity theory as well as the self-memory-system model of autobiographical memory are discussed.     

Development, content, process and outcome of an online peer supervision group for counselor trainees

This study investigated the development, content, process, and outcome of an online peer supervision group (OPSG) for counselor trainees. Outcome measures determined that participants felt comfortable, confident, and open to using the OPSG. In addition, counselor trainees reported a preference for using aliases online to foster more sharing. In terms of content, topics in the group focused on mostly professional identity (40.1%) and therapeutic techniques (22.5%). A discourse analysis of the group revealed a high percentage of messages were experiential self-disclosure (40.0%) and guidance (20.0%). Our findings indicate that the components and content found in supervision groups, and in group process more generally, can take place in OPSGs. The role of computers in psychological training is discussed.     

Bias and Controversy in Evaluation Systems

Evaluation is prevalent in real-life. With the advent of Web 2.0, online evaluation has become an important feature in many applications that involve information (e.g., video, photo, audio) sharing, and social networking (e.g., blogging). In these evaluation settings, a set of reviewers assign scores to a set of objects. As part of evaluation analysis, we want to obtain fair reviews for all the given objects. However, the reality is that reviewers may deviate in their scores assigned to the same object, due to the potential "bias" of reviewers or "controversy" objects. The statistical approach of averaging deviations to determine bias and controversy assumes that all reviewers and objects should be given equal weight. In this paper, we look beyond this assumption and propose an approach based on the following observations: (1) evaluation is "subjective", as reviewers and objects have varying bias and controversy respectively, and (2) bias and controversy are mutually dependent. These observations underlie our proposed reinforcement-based model to determine bias and controversy simultaneously. Our approach also quantifies "evidence", which reveals the degree of confidence with which bias and controversy has been derived. This model is shown to be effective by experiments on real-life and synthetic datasets.     

在线教育的建议与设计——“立体化”视频播放器

在线教育发展如火如荼,笔者通过分析当下在线教育平台,发现目前在线教育存在着不足。该文以C/S体系结构设计客户端和后台服务器,实现用户在观看在线教育视频中标记笔记,笔记共享和拓展知识的及时推送功能。通过该设计,减少当前在线教育平台“扁平化”的教育模式,防止用户“被动”观看视频,提高用户学习效率。     

Conspicuous display through photo sharing in online reviews: Evidence from an online travel platform

Compared to text, photos are more conspicuous and suited for self-presentation. Although other motivations, such as helping others, partly account for photo sharing in online reviews, we emphasize a model of social status in which a conspicuous display of distant tourism products is used as a signal of an individual's status. Drawing on self-enhancement theory, we test hypotheses concerning exhibitionistic motivation in photo posting using a novel dataset of group tourism products. An instrumental variable method is used to address the endogeneity issue. We find that the distance between departure and destination, an indicator of cost and time spent, has a positive effect on the inclination to share photos. But people of higher status refrain from the conspicuous display of their photos. Moreover, the distance effect on photo sharing is mitigated by status within a website, suggesting that people assign different marginal values to the conspicuous display of tourism products at the same distance. This study contributes to the understanding of photo-sharing behavior in online reviews and can help platform managers build strategies to enhance reach and engagement.     

Proposing the online community self-disclosure model: the case of working professionals in France and the U.K. who use online communities

The global use of online communities has exploded to involve hundreds of millions of users. Despite the tremendous social impact and business opportunities afforded by these communities, little information systems (IS) research has addressed them – especially in a cross-cultural context. Our research proposes an online community self-disclosure model, tested in a cross-cultural setting using data provided by French and British working professionals. Our model is based on social exchange theory (SET) and social penetration theory (SPT), as well as on cross-cultural theory related to individualism-collectivism. SET explains that individuals engage in relationships when the perceived costs associated with the relationship are less than the expected benefits. SPT extends SET to explain that individuals participate in self-disclosure to foster relationships – reciprocation is the primary benefit of self-disclosure, whereas risk is the foundational cost of self-disclosure. Our study established several important findings: positive social influence to use an online community increases online community self-disclosure; reciprocity increases self-disclosure; online community trust increases self-disclosure; and privacy risk beliefs decrease self-disclosure. Meanwhile, a tendency toward collectivism increases self-disclosure. We further found that French participants had higher scores on horizontal individualism than British participants. Several other findings and their implications for practice are also discussed.     

"He Will Crush You Like an Academic Ninja!": Exploring Teacher Ratings on Ratemyprofessors.com

This study examined the hypothesis that the desire for an online infidelity act is formed on the basis of both personality-related factors and relationship-related factors, similarly to "real life" infidelity. Two hundred participants who maintain a relationship in "real life" were recruited through web advertisements, and filled in online questionnaires regarding their dyadic satisfaction (DAS-7), self-disclosure (JSDQ), narcissism (NPI), and their Internet relationship expectations (IRI). Results indicated that the predictors of Internet relationship expectations are the experience of having an Internet relationship, higher tendencies of manipulation and exhibitionism, lower self-disclosure and lower dyadic cohesion. However, dyadic and sexual satisfaction do not predict higher expectations of an Internet relationship, in contrast to real life relationships. These findings demonstrate the difference between online and "real life" infidelity and emphasize the need for further research on the link between personality dynamics and online infidelity. Additional theoretical and clinical implications deriving from the results are discussed.     

Exploring sharing patterns for video recommendation on YouTube-like social media

YouTube-like video sharing sites (VSSes) have gained increasing popularity in recent years. Meanwhile, Face-book-like online social networks (OSNs) have seen their tremendous success in connecting people of common interests. These two new generation of networked services are now bridged in that many users of OSNs share video contents originating from VSSes with their friends, and it has been shown that a significant portion of views of VSS videos are attributed to this sharing scheme of social networks. To understand how the video sharing behavior, which is largely based on social relationship, impacts users’ viewing pattern, we have conducted a long-term measurement with RenRen and YouKu, the largest online social network and the largest video sharing site in China, respectively. We show that social friends have higher common interest and their sharing behaviors provide guidance to enhance recommended video lists. In this paper, we take a first step toward learning OSN video sharing patterns for video recommendation. An autoencoder model is developed to learn the social similarity of different videos in terms of their sharing in OSNs. We, therefore, propose a similarity-based strategy to enhance video recommendation for YouTube-like social media. Evaluation results demonstrate that this strategy can remarkably improve the precision and recall of recommendations, as compared to other widely adopted strategies without social information.     

Requirements for mobile photoware

What is the future of digital imaging? Mobile imaging technologies have been changing rapidly and will continue to do so. We explore new developments in cameraphone photography with the goal of improving the design of the next generation of mobile imaging devices. We equipped 26 diverse participants with cameraphones, photo uploading and sharing software, and access to online photo-accounts for 3–5 months. This study allowed us to identify emerging practices in mobile photoware. We report on new and continuing practices across the lifespan of photos in this new imaging environment, including image capture, upload, annotation, archiving, sharing, and viewing. Based on these results, we develop design criteria and implications for designers and makers of mobile devices, mobile imaging and sharing software, and desktop and online photo software.     

一种基于P2P的短视频分享系统

现有在线短视频分享策略通常采用C/S架构,给视频服务器带来较大的带宽压力。为此,提出一种采用点对点方式的在线短视频分享系统IShare,该系统结合用户点播偏好和视频文件之间的社会网络特性实现视频分享。IShare主要包括基于点播兴趣的节点分簇和视频数据源节点的查找2个核心技术。实验结果表明,IShare具备较好的视频数据源节点查找能力,可降低视频服务器带宽资源消耗。     

The mediator role of self-disclosure and moderator roles of gender and social anxiety in the relationship between Chinese adolescents’ online communication and their real-world social relationships

Based on theory and previous research, we examined relationships among gender, social anxiety, self-disclosure, quality of real-world friendships and online communication by Chinese adolescent Internet users. Results indicated that online communication and self-disclosure are not related to quality of friendship, and online communication is positively related to self-disclosure. For adolescent boys and adolescents with high social anxiety, online communication can explain more variance in users’ self-disclosure, indicating that gender and social anxiety moderate the relationship between online communication and online self-disclosure.     

Computer-Mediated Relationship Development: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

This study extends prior scholarship on the role of self-disclosure in relationship development on the Internet in three different cultures: Korea, Japan, and the United States. The duration of the online relationship was considered as well as the two typical dimensions (i.e., breadth and depth) of self-disclosure. The results suggest some cross-cultural differences and similarities in the associations between self-disclosure and relationship qualities. For Americans, Japanese, and Koreans, self-disclosure was directly associated with online relationship development. However, the relationship between self-disclosure and trust was positive only for Americans.     

Examining the beneficial effects of individual's self-disclosure on the social network site

Today, individual's self-disclosure on the social network sites (SNS) have become a prevalent phenomenon. This study proposes a research model for investigating the beneficial effects of individual's self-disclosure on the social network sites (SNS). In this study, social support and online social well-being are seen as the beneficial effects of individual's self-disclosure on the SNS. Furthermore, this study examines whether self-disclosure increases social support and online social well-being. For developing a more parsimonious research model, this study chose self-disclosure and social support as second-order constructs. Self-disclosure is devised as a formative second-order construct that includes five components: amount, depth, honesty, intent, and valence. Social support is used as a reflective second-order construct comprising two factors: informational support and emotional support. In addition, this research also proposes that social support increase online social well-being. Further, online social well-being is hypothesized to positively affect the continuance intention in relation to the SNS. Data collected from 333 Facebook users provided support for all the hypotheses. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.     

Facebook self-disclosure: Examining the role of traits,social cohesion,and motives

Facebook has been shown to be the most popular social network in the United States. Facebook not only has implications in the online world, but face-to-face connections are also affected by this medium. This study explores the uses of Facebook for self-disclosure behavior utilizing the uses and gratifications perspective. Using a convenience sample of Facebook users, this study examines individual and sociological factors as well as Facebook motives to discover the impact on depth, breadth, and amount of user self-disclosure. Path analyses showed that the Big Five personality factors, self-esteem, social cohesion, and motives contribute to self-disclosure dimensions. However, demographic variables did not impact disclosiveness. Limitations are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.     

Digital natives’ coping with loneliness: Facebook or face-to-face?

This study compares online self-disclosure through Facebook with offline self-disclosure through face-to-face interactions to understand when and why digital natives may prefer to resolve perceived loneliness by turning to the Internet. Survey data from adolescents indicate that digital natives who employ passive coping favor self-disclosure through Facebook, but natives who engage in active coping prefer face-to-face self-disclosures. Both routes, through active and passive coping, appear to mediate the relationship between loneliness and online/offline self-disclosures. Moreover, the relationship between loneliness and self-disclosure exhibits gender differences. This study extends insights into digital natives, sheds light on self-disclosures, and contributes to coping research.     

Privacy,trust and control: Which relationships with online self-disclosure?

A number of studies have examined the relationship between privacy concerns, perceived control over information, trust and online self-disclosure, highlighting different points of view to understand this connection. This paper intends to compare these different models of explanation for self-disclosure behaviors in online social networks. Three different hypotheses are verified, using mediation and moderation analyses. The results allow underling the effect of the interaction between privacy concerns and trust on online self-disclosure, along with the absence of a direct influence of privacy concerns on disclosure itself. The results suggest practical implications for online social network providers, most of all with regard to privacy policies in online environments.