基于双目结构光视觉的煤流量测量研究

在常规的双目视觉系统中,常用的加速稳健特征和尺度不变特征转换匹配算法对图像质量要求高,针对煤炭这种颜色纹理比较单一的场景应用时容易失效,且需要消耗大量的计算资源,难以保证实时性;激光雷达在进行煤流量测量时,有效视场范围较小,对应的测量点数较少,扫描频率也较低,在带式输送机运行速度较快时,精度会大幅降低。针对上述问题,提出一种基于双目结构光视觉的煤流量测量方法,将线结构光引入双目视觉系统,利用线结构光的约束,将图像特征点匹配简化成左右2幅图像行之间的匹配。在保证双目系统相机光轴平行度的基础上,采用对应行匹配计算三维坐标点,提高采样频率和分辨率,进而提高煤流量测量精度,降低测量系统对光照和环境的依赖。点云获取：利用线结构光凸显煤料截面曲线,提取煤料截面中心线的图像坐标,利用双目相机获取左右煤料截面线结构光图像,建立双目结构光三维重建模型,左右图像中心线坐标构成匹配点对参与计算煤料截面三维坐标,实现点云的实时获取。煤流量计算：利用空载胶带截面点云和负载胶带截面点云,结合获取煤料点云,利用微元法对煤料三维点云进行采样,分别利用均匀网格化法和三角网格化法求取单位时间内的煤料体积,实现带式输送机煤...     

变电金具表面腐蚀膨胀点三维检测算法

为提升配电网变电金具腐蚀膨胀检测的精度,设计了变电金具表面腐蚀膨胀点三维图像检测算法。该算法使用八叉树算法对三维激光图像扫描仪获取的变电金具表面腐蚀膨胀点云图像数据进行压缩预处理,经过法向量计算、局部基面参数化处理、局部曲面拟合等步骤,提取变电金具表面腐蚀膨胀点点云数据的主曲率、形状索引值等局部特征。使用三维霍夫投票算法,对变电金具表面腐蚀膨胀点局部特征实施局部坐标系建立、坐标转换、霍夫投票等处理后,获取腐蚀膨胀点的质心位置,实现变电金具表面腐蚀膨胀点检测。实验结果表明：该算法具备较好的点云数据压缩能力,预处理效果好;变电金具腐蚀膨胀点图像数据存在遮挡缺失时,其特征提取完整度始终高于90%;识别配电站螺丝配件时,特征点匹配度高达100%,识别精度高。     

基于激光扫描仪的仿真雕塑三维形体自动测量方法

针对传统的仿真雕塑三维形体测量方法存在的测量精度低的缺点,提出一种基于激光扫描仪的仿真雕塑三维形体自动测量方法。利用激光扫描仪获取仿真雕塑三维形体的整体点云数据,并采用高斯滤波法、平面投影法和双边滤波法分别对有序点云数据和散乱点云数据去噪。最后,进行精简处理,再计算仿真雕塑的三维形体数值,至此完成基于激光扫描仪的仿真雕塑三维形体自动测量方法的设计。通过对比实验,与传统的仿真雕塑三维形体测量方法作比较,实验结果表明,提出的基于激光扫描仪的仿真雕塑三维形体自动测量方法所得测量误差最大值为0.2 m³,表明其具有更高的测量精度。     

基于QT的机载三维激光扫描仪软件系统设计

随着测绘技术的发展,利用机载三维激光扫描仪获取点云数据,从点云数据中提取模型信息成为现代测绘技术的一种发展趋势. 点云数据处理的相关应用也越来越多,点云数据的处理软件参差不齐,需求和功能也各不相同. 针对上述问题,在基于QT编程平台下,利用PCL开发机载三维激光扫描仪点云数据处理软件,集中处理点云数据. 该系统由点云数据读写、三维显示、点云滤波、网格重构、点拾取、点云分割及NARF关键点提取等功能模块组成. 各模块采用面向对象的思想设计,功能易于扩展,以完成进一步的测绘工作. 实践表明,该系统具有良好的工程实用价值,可以快速完成机载三维激光扫描仪的数据处理工作.     

基于主元分析与BP网络的颗粒体积模型

在颗粒加工工业中,获取颗粒尺寸和形状参数是一道常见的工序。体积是一个重要的颗粒三维参数,采用传统的手工测量方法获取体积耗时长,人工投入较多,很难实现过程控制中的实时反馈。应用计算机视觉技术,提出了一种基于颗粒单视二维图像信息（周长、投影面积、长宽比等）的BP神经网络体积估算方法。为了避免传统BP神经网络收敛速度慢,容易陷入局部极小值的缺陷,采用BP神经网络的改进算法-有动量的梯度下降算法。同时应用主成分分析法来进行体积影响参数的降维处理,减小了网络结构复杂度并提高了网络的整体性能。使用真实颗粒图像及实测数据对神经网络进行训练和精度测试,结果表明,将主元分析法与BP神经网络相结合来进行体积估算无论在预测精度还是在网络运算速度上比全要素传统BP神经网络模型具有更大的优越性。     

基于特征融合的三维人脸点云质量判断

针对使用双目结构光扫描仪获取的三维人脸点云,提出了一种特征融合网络(FFN)来完成人脸点云质量判断任务.首先,对三维点云预处理切割出人脸面部区域,使用点云和对应的二维平面投影得到的图像作为输入;其次,分别训练用于点云学习的动态图卷积神经网络(DGCNN)和ShuffleNet两个模块;然后,提取出两个网络模块的中间层特...     

利用隧道激光点云提取中轴线及进行整体变形分析

针对采用传统测量手段获取隧道断面数据进行隧道变形分析,存在数据覆盖面小、效率低等问题,以三维激光扫描仪获取的隧道点云为基础,提出一种利用隧道激光点云提取中轴线及进行整体变形分析的方法.首先,根据下采样边界特征提取算法获取边界点集;其次,利用边界与中点的几何关系获取隧道水平中轴线;然后,基于水平中轴线截取横断面点云,并对...     

基于飞思卡尔MK60的激光扫描测距仪设计与实现

激光扫描测距仪以飞思卡尔MK60DN512ZVLQ10微控制器为处理及控制的核心单元,通过CMOS图像传感器对线状激光在物体上形成截面反射进行实时捕捉采集图像,利用DMA快速储存方式存储图像,并对图像进行分析处理获得激光的坐标,再结合舵机旋转扫描获得多列数据,最终将数据转化为各点的三维坐标,由此获得扫描物体或场景的三维点云数据并实现三维模型重建。该设计方案可靠,成本低廉,同时拥有良好的测量精度。     

3D激光扫描仪设计及数据处理

利用2D激光雷达配合云台装置,设计了一种3D激光扫描仪作为三维数据获取装置。根据扫描仪的硬件特性和传输特性,进行PC端的扫描控制系统以及数据处理系统的设计。扫描控制系统实现了对扫描范围以及扫描精度的控制和设定,数据处理系统针对采集到的原始数据,经过坐标的映射将相对坐标转换到全局坐标,并进行点云滤波,利用最小二乘进行曲面光滑,最终进行三角网格重建。经过多次实验结果证明,该系统可以对一般几何复杂度的三维场景进行较好的重建。     

基于三维图像的疤痕面积计算

目前法医鉴定受伤疤痕面积主要采用人工的方式,其存在一定的不稳定性和时耗问题.因此,提出了基于三维图像的疤痕面积计算的法医鉴定方法.首先使用三维激光扫描仪获取待鉴定皮肤的三维图像数据;其次对数据进行预处理,除去背景环境部分以及噪点,同时通过下采样调整点云分辨率;然后使用颜色区域生长方法,对伤疤进行自动区域分割,并辅以人工交互以调整目标疤痕区域;最后利用曲面重建后的目标区域来计算疤痕面积.实验结果表明,所提方法与当前法医数字化处理方法相比,误差保持在5％以内,耗时减少了20％以上.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.