运用GC-MS技术分析垃圾渗滤液有机污染物的去除特性

采用GC-MS技术分析生物-物化组合工艺[SBR+混凝+Fenton +曝气生物滤池（BAF）]处理垃圾渗滤液中各处理单元对有机污染物的去除特性。结果表明,垃圾渗滤液原水中检测出70种有机污染物。组合工艺对有机污染物的总去除率达到99%,其中57种有机物被完全去除,10种有机物去除率可达90%以上,3种有机物去除率达50%以上。另外,SBR基本去除芳香烃类、酯类等小分子量的有机物,而Fenton对大分子量的有机物去除效果较好。     

一种处理含重金属离子电镀废水的新工艺

研究了用微电解-生物膜法复合工艺处理含重金属离子和氰离子的工业电镀废水,并与单一生物膜法处理进行了比较。结果表明,单一生物膜法对废水中的Zn2+、Cr6+和CN-的去除率分别为 50 5%、99 99%和95 8%。以不锈钢材料作阴、阳极,复合工艺相对于单一生物膜工艺对Zn2+、Cr6+和CN-的去除率均有不同程度的提高,最显著的是Zn2+的去除率由 50 5%提高到 72%;复合工艺最佳反应循环量和压缩空气用量分别为15~30mL/min和 0 3m3 /h。     

序批式膜生物反应器处理生活污水污染物去除特性研究

采用序批式膜生物反应器处理模拟生活污水,考察其对污染物的去除特性及进水pH对系统去除率的影响.结果表明,进水pH为7～9时,pH变化对污染物的去除率影响不大,COD、NH4+-N,TN、TP平均去除率分别为98.01%、96.51%、73.38%、73.21%,浊度去除率在99%以上.当进水pH降至6时,COD平均去除率仍达95.26%,NH4+-N、TN、TP平均去除率分别降为75.34%、61.42%,62.87%,浊度去除率几乎不受影响,仍在99%以上.     

以果冻为主的食品生产废水处理工程实例

根据以果冻为主的食品生产废水的特点,采用"预处理+气浮+厌氧+好氧"的综合工艺进行处理。运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果良好,运行稳定,系统总COD去除率达97%,BOD5总去除率达98.5%,SS总去除率达94.9%,动植物油总去除率达93.4%,氨氮总去除率达85.7%。出水各项指标均优于《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中二级标准的要求。     

盐酸金霉素生产废水处理工艺设计

采用厌氧+A/O+羟基氧化工艺处理盐酸金霉素废水,其对该废水的色度、SS、CODCr、BOD、氨氮、磷酸盐去除率分别为96%、97%、99%、99%、99%、98%,并且出水各项指标均符合GB 8978-1996一级排放标准.     

生活垃圾焚烧电厂渗滤液处理的应用研究

采用"预处理+厌氧(UASB)+MBR系统(两级A/O+UF)+NF"工艺对生活垃圾焚烧电厂渗滤液进行处理。结果表明,该工艺具有良好的处理效果,对总氮、COD、BOD5的去除率分别达到98%、99%、99%以上,出水水质稳定达到《污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)表4一级标准。     

劣质煤气化废水的处理

介绍山西中煤平朔能源化工有限公司污水处理装置废水构成与特点,采用预处理+水解+A/O+水解+A/O+混凝沉淀+臭氧脱色杀菌+流砂过滤工艺。运行结果表明,系统对NH3—N去除率达94%,对CODCr去除率达97%,出水满足循环冷却水补水要求。     

UBF+AO/MBR工艺处理甲醇制高清洁燃料废水

唐山境界实业有限公司甲醇制高清洁燃料项目污水处理工程,采用UBF+AO/MBR工艺处理综合废水。运行结果表明,该组合工艺抗冲击负荷能力强,运行稳定可靠,主要污染物去除率达99%。出水水质符合GB50335—2002《污水再生利用工程设计规范》中再生水用作循环冷却水的水质控制指标。     

电路板清洗废水处理工程设计

采用"预处理系统+UF系统+RO系统"工艺对某印刷电路板公司的一般清洗废水处理回用。整个回用系统采用模块化组合,自动控制。系统稳定运行后验收,COD去除率达到90%以上,Cu2+的去除率大于99%,导电率由2000 s/cm降至150 s/cm,水的回用率也达到了业主要求。     

水解酸化+A/O工艺在烤鳗废水处理中的应用

针对烤鳗鱼废水的水质特点,设计采用水解酸化+A/O工艺+曝气生物滤池进行处理,COD去除率在90%以上,NH3-N去除率达80%。该工艺具有效果好、运行费用较低、易于管理等特点,技术、经济性是可行的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。