黑曲霉磁性生物吸附剂制备及其吸附低浓度铀性能研究

以亲铀真菌黑曲霉和纳米Fe_3O_4为原料,制备了一种新型黑曲霉磁性生物吸附剂(Nano-Fe_3O_4 modified Aspergillus niger,NFAN)。研究了初始p H值、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量以及铀初始浓度等对NFAN吸附铀酰离子的影响,分析了吸附铀过程的动力学及热力学规律。结果表明,NFAN在初始浓度为6 mg/L,p H=7,NFAN的用量为0.15 g/L,吸附4 h。在此条件下,NFAN的铀吸附量为60.05 mg/g,铀吸附率可达76.36%,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

黑曲霉磁性生物吸附剂制备及其吸附低浓度铀性能研究

以亲铀真菌黑曲霉和纳米Fe_3O_4为原料,制备了一种新型黑曲霉磁性生物吸附剂(Nano-Fe_3O_4 modified Aspergillus niger,NFAN)。研究了初始p H值、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量以及铀初始浓度等对NFAN吸附铀酰离子的影响,分析了吸附铀过程的动力学及热力学规律。结果表明,NFAN在初始浓度为6 mg/L,p H=7,NFAN的用量为0.15 g/L,吸附4 h。在此条件下,NFAN的铀吸附量为60.05 mg/g,铀吸附率可达76.36%,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

NaHCO_3处理胶乳生产污泥制备吸附剂对阳离子染料的吸附

以胶乳生产厂脱水污泥为原料、1.40mol/L的NaHCO_3作膨胀剂,60℃浸渍并超声处理30min,污泥烘干后再经高温炭化制备吸附剂,将其用于吸附阳离子兰X-GRRL染料溶液,考察炭化温度、炭化时间、吸附剂粒径、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间及溶液pH对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和吸附等温线类型进行了探讨。结果表明:污泥在炭化温度700℃、炭化时间120min的条件下,制备的吸附剂(粒径0.75mm)的比表面积为118.95m~2/g,孔隙结构较为发达,对染料溶液吸附效果最佳;在振荡频率150r/min、吸附温度为25℃±0.10℃、初始染料质量浓度为250mg/L、吸附剂投加量为1.20g/L、溶液pH为5.47、吸附时间为300min时,溶液脱色率可达98.30%,染料吸附量为204.80mg/g;其吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程进行描述;符合Langmuir型吸附等温线,属于单分子层吸附;吸附剂浸出液及吸附处理后的染料溶液的COD值分别为4.00mg/L和20.00mg/L,不会对水体造成二次污染。     

壳聚糖对酸性品红的吸附研究

探讨了壳聚糖吸附酸性品红的影响因素。单因素试验优选了吸附时间、壳聚糖用量、p H值、酸性品红溶液初始浓度、温度及搅拌速率等。在此基础上进行了四因素三水平的正交试验,结果表明,壳聚糖吸附酸性品红的最佳工艺条件为:酸性品红溶液的初始质量浓度为30 mg/L、p H=4,壳聚糖投加量为0.008 g/mL,吸附时间为80 min,此时壳聚糖对酸性品红溶液的吸附脱色率达到96.8%。     

磁性壳聚糖/膨润土的制备及其对铬(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

以膨润土为原料,先后用十二烷基苯磺酸钠及壳聚糖进行改性,最后用戊二醛交联,成功制备了磁性壳聚糖/膨润土复合吸附材料。采用静态吸附研究了吸附材料对水中铬(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,并研究了金属离子初始浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH、吸附剂投加量等对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:吸附材料在铬(Ⅵ)初始浓度为30 mg/L,吸附时间80 min,pH=3,投加量为2 g/L,吸附温度为323K时,脱除率可达95%以上;吸附动力学遵循准二级动力学模型。     

NaHCO处理胶乳生产污泥制备吸附剂对阳离子染料的吸附

以胶乳生产厂脱水污泥为原料、1.40mol/L的NaHCO₃作膨胀剂,60℃浸渍并超声处理30min,污泥烘干后再经高温炭化制备吸附剂,将其用于吸附阳离子兰X-GRRL染料溶液,考察炭化温度、炭化时间、吸附剂粒径、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间及溶液pH对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和吸附等温线类型进行了探讨。结果表明：污泥在炭化温度700℃、炭化时间120min的条件下,制备的吸附剂（粒径<0.75mm）的比表面积为118.95m²/g,孔隙结构较为发达,对染料溶液吸附效果最佳;在振荡频率150r/min、吸附温度为25℃±0.10℃、初始染料质量浓度为250mg/L、吸附剂投加量为1.20g/L、溶液pH为5.47、吸附时间为300min时,溶液脱色率可达98.30%,染料吸附量为204.80mg/g;其吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程进行描述;符合Langmuir型吸附等温线,属于单分子层吸附;吸附剂浸出液及吸附处理后的染料溶液的COD值分别为4.00mg/L和20.00mg/L,不会对水体造成二次污染。     

AlCl3改性柚子皮吸附去除水中的铬离子

以生活及农作物废弃物柚子皮为原料,通过向柚子皮粉中加入Al Cl3进行改性制备生物吸附剂,用于吸附去除水中的重金属铬,探讨了p H值、重金属初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、反应温度等对柚子皮吸附效果的影响。结果表明:初始p H值5,吸附时间180min,吸附剂投加量0.9g/m L,铬离子初始浓度100μg/m L,吸附反应温度20℃,Al Cl3改性柚子皮对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达76.04%以上。等温吸附规律可用Freundlich吸附等温模型来描述,吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

米根霉磁性生物吸附剂的制备及其对刚果红的吸附

以产富马酸米根霉菌体粉末、FeSO4和FeCl3为原料,制备了米根霉磁性生物吸附剂,考察了吸附剂投加量、pH值、刚果红浓度、吸附时间及吸附动力学等对阴离子偶氮染料刚果红的吸附影响. 结果表明,刚果红去除率随吸附剂投加量增加而提高,增大溶液初始浓度能有效提高吸附量,当吸附剂为1.0 g/L, pH=7.0时,吸附效果最佳,刚果红浓度为20 mg/L去除率达98.68%以上. 米根霉磁性吸附剂对刚果红的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程,内扩散为主要控速步骤. 吸附剂有较强磁性,在外加磁场下能快速实现固液分离和回收,可简化刚果红偶氮染料吸附的后续处理.     

磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺甲基橙吸附性能的研究

采用化学氧化聚合法制备磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺染料吸附剂,研究了pH值、吸附时间和甲基橙染料初始质量浓度对磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺吸附剂甲基橙染料吸附性能的影响,对磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺吸附剂甲基橙吸附过程进行热力学等温线和动力学研究,并对磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺的磁滞性能进行了研究。结果表明,磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺的饱和磁化强度达16.7 emu/g,显示其具有较好的磁响应性能和磁分离性能,90 min甲基橙的吸附趋于平衡,随着甲基橙初始质量浓度的增加,甲基橙的吸附容量呈现不断增大但增幅趋缓的趋势。随着pH值的增加,甲基橙染料的吸附容量呈现不断降低的趋势。磁性壳聚糖/聚苯胺甲基橙吸附等温线遵循Freundlich方程,甲基橙吸附动力学满足准二级动力学方程。     

即时合成铜镁铝水滑石处理红青莲染料废水的研究

研究了铜镁铝水滑石(HTLCs)及煅烧500℃条件下的HTLCs-500对红青莲染料废水溶液的吸附性能。考察了吸附剂投加量、反应时间、初始p H值、反应温度对二者吸附红青莲染料废水的影响。利用正交实验确定了HTLCs及HTLCs-500对红青莲染料废水的最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,最佳吸附条件下,HTLCs及HTLCs-500对300 mg/L红青莲染料废水脱色率分别达到为92.73%和97.52%,且在较宽的p H值范围内二者的脱色性能稳定,HTLCs-500对该染料的吸附效果优于HTLCs。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。