掺杂对CdSnO_3气敏性能的影响

研究了贵金属及金属氧化物对CdSnO_3气敏性能的影响.发现不同的Fe_2O_3、La_2O_3的掺入量对材料的气敏性能有不同的影响,贵金属Pt、Pd、Ag及某些金属氧化物对CdSnO_3的灵敏度和选择性也有影响.掺入La_2O_3及MgO的CdSnO_3可作酒敏材料,掺Pd的CdSnO_3可作乙炔敏材料.     

低功耗In_2O_3基LPG气敏元件

采用In2O3超细粉体,掺杂Au和金属氧化物(SiO2,Fe2O3等),按照直热式气敏元件工艺制成珠状气敏元件,通过Al2O3 Pd的表面催化层处理,研制出功耗低于100mW(在空气中)的液化石油气(LPG)气敏元件。并分析了元件的气敏机理。     

精甲霜灵的电子结构及圆二色谱性质

采用量子化学密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上对精甲霜灵分子几何构型进行优化;在优化的基础上进行圆二色谱究。计算结果表明:(1)C(8)=O(9)与N(1)、C(3)=O(4)与O(5)之间均存在p—π共轭,N原子上另外2个取代基分别位于苯环上下方为最稳定构型。(2)VCD谱中,C(10)—H沿C(8)—C(10)—O(11)平面的摇摆振动在1020cm-1处存在正性康登效应;垂直于该平面的摇摆振动在1273cm-1处出现负性康登效应。C(2)原子上的C—H摇摆振动在的1334cm-1处存在强的康登效应。C(3)=O(4)在的1788cm-1处出现较强的吸收峰;C(8)=O(9)由于与手性中心的间隔一个N原子,其在VCD谱中未出现康登效应。(3)甲醇溶液中的理论ECD谱,228nm处存在正性康登效应,与实验值符合较好;同时,理论计算还预测标题化合物在201nm处存在负性康登效应。     

无需掺入贵金属的多元氧化物气敏材料

将具有气敏特性的氧化物 (Fe2 O3 、SnO2 、In2 O3 )以适当的比例混合成多元氧化物作为气敏材料制成气敏元件 ,测试了它的气敏特性 .结果表明 :多元氧化物对丙酮的灵敏度比单一的氧化物提高了 3倍 ,而且选择性比较好 .     

半导体乙醇传感器的湿度影响与氧化铌的应用

详细考察了湿度对SnO2系半导体乙醇传感器的影响,实验表明:环境湿度会使三价金属氧化物掺杂的SnO2半导体材料灵敏度下降,其中以氧化镧掺杂的SnO2系乙醇传感器衰减严重,在相对湿度90%RH(25℃)的环境中3×10-4体积分数的乙醇信号衰减率达到30%~40%,这种现象同样存在与In2O3和A l2O3掺杂体系的传感器上。以Nb2O5为掺杂剂的传感器体系湿度引起的灵敏度衰减轻微,用1.5%Nb2O5和0.5%La2O3配合使用的掺杂剂湿度影响较小,同时,传感器对乙醇灵敏度和选择性较好。     

TiNi (shape memory) films silicon for MEMS applications

TiNi shape memory alloy in thin film form is an excellent candidate for MEMS microactuation. Using RF sputter deposition, thin films of TiNi (51.7 at% Ti-48.3 at% Ni) have been formed on silicon substrates and produced shape memory behavior at approximately 60°C. Films were amorphous when deposited and were subsequently annealed at 515°C for 30 min. to crystallize the shape memory microstructure. Excellent adherence was achieved onto silicon, SiO₂ and poly-silicon surfaces. Microfabrication was used to create TiNi diaphragms, which exhibited useful shape memory microactuation and other desirable mechanical properties. The diaphragms recovered greater than 2% strain when heated through the phase transformation temperature, providing a maximum work density of at least 5×10⁶ J/m ³. This work density is higher than that of any other type of microactuation     

甲酸钠/氧化铜复合相变材料的制备与热力学性能测试

配制了甲酸钠/氧化铜复合相变材料。通过恒温槽实验对比了甲酸钠,乙酸钠,丙酸钠以及氯化铵的性能,选择了性能最优的甲酸钠。通过配制不同浓度的甲酸钠溶液,对比其性能,发现29.4 wt%甲酸钠溶液的效果最好。为了优化溶液的导热性能,通过对比不同纯金属纳米材料和金属氧化物纳米材料的种类以及对比添加同种纳米材料不同的质量分数,发现添加0.5 wt%的氧化铜效果最优。通过Hot Disk和DSC实验对配方进行了导热值以及潜热值的测量,结果显示添加了纳米材料的配方其潜热为250.4 J/g,相变温度为-16℃,导热系数为1.078 W/（m·K）,比未添加的导热能力提高了9.66%。实验过程中未发生化学沉降等现象。     

Protective layer for high‐efficiency PDPs driven at low voltage

Abstract— The sustain pulse voltage of a panel for 66‐kPa Ne + Xe (5–30%) with an (SrCa)O protective layer is 20–40% lower than that with an MgO protective layer. The luminous efficiency of the panel with a Ne + Xe (30%) (SrCa)O protective layer is 1.5 times that of the conventional panel with a Ne + Xe (10%) MgO protective layer; the sustain pulse voltages of these panels are almost the same. The power loss caused by panel capacitance is proportional to the second power of the sustain pulse voltage. Using the (SrCa)O protective layer for Xe (5–30%), the power loss is reduced by 35–60% compared with the MgO protective layer. It follows that, using the (SrCa)O protective layer, we can increase the Xe content with little power loss and thus achieve high‐efficiency PDPs. As for MgO and CaO with Xe ions, electrons are probably ejected from only the defect states. On the other hand, as for the SrO with Xe ions, it is likely that electrons can be ejected from not only defect states but also the valance band. This seems to be the reason why the driving voltage is lower with the (SrCa)O protective layer than with the MgO protective layer.     

A new generation of Chinese FY-3C microwave sounding measurements and the initial assessments of its observations

A new Chinese satellite, FY-3C, carrying second-generation microwave sounding instruments, was introduced and the observations were evaluated. On board FY-3C are the Microwave Temperature Sounder ?2 (MWTS-2) and Microwave Humidity Sounder?2 (MWHS-2), and these devices are more advanced than those on board the previous satellites, FY-3A/B; the spectral and spatial resolutions of the devices are also higher than the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS). The 50–60 GHz and 183 GHz sounding abilities are similar to Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP). FY-3C and SNPP were launched in different orbits but are complementary in observation area. In addition, MWHS-2 is the first operational polar-orbiting, satellite-based sensor which has 118 GHz channels. Assessment of MWTS-2 and MWHS-2 observations indicate that striping noises are apparent from the observations. A technique combining principal component analysis (PCA) with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is used to extract the noise. The striping noise in the first PCA component is extracted from the data. It was determined that the bias and standard deviation (SD) of MWTS-2 noise was larger than that of the ATMS corresponding channels. The biases and SDs of the MWHS-2 noise were comparable in magnitude with ATMS moisture channels. After removing the noise, the biases and SDs of the difference between observation and simulation (O–B) for MWTS-2 were slightly larger than the ATMS. Biases of MWHS-2 were close to the ATMS. The O–B biases of MWHS-2 118 GHz channels were within the range from ?0.6 to 0.2 K, and the SDs were approximately 0.5–1.2 K.     

V2O3—聚乙烯复合材料PTC热敏电阻的研究

对V_2O_3-聚乙烯复合物新型PTC热敏电阻进行了探索性研究.当加入(40～60)%vol的聚乙烯时,V_20_3基复合材料具有较显著的PTC效应,其特点是加入量适当可获得室温电阻率较低的热敏材料.还研究了V_2O_3颗粒大小对V_2O_3-聚乙烯热敏电阻电性能的影响.     

Use of neural network to model X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data for diagnosis of plasma etch equipment

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used to analyze chemical states on plasma-processed film surfaces. For XPS data to be utilized for plasma monitoring, a prediction model is in demand. This type of model can further be used for optimization of chemical compositions on plasma processes film surfaces. In this study, a prediction model is constructed by combining XPS and backpropagation neural network (BPNN). Genetic algorithm (GA) was used to improve the BPNN prediction performance. The experimental data were collected during the plasma etching of silicon carbide films in a NH₄–CF₄ inductively coupled plasma. For a systematic modeling, the etching process was characterized by means of face-centered Box Wilson experiment. Four major peaks modeled include C1s, O1s, N1s, and Si2p. For comparisons, other conventional and statistical models were also constructed. For all peaks, GA-BPNN models yielded an improved prediction with respect to conventional BPNN and statistical regression models. The improvements were even more than 30% over BPNN models for C1s and Si2p and over statistical regression models for O1s and Si2p.     

Characterization and gas sensitivity study of polyaniline/SnO2 hybrid material prepared by hydrothermal route

A polyaniline (PAni)/SnO₂ hybrid material was prepared by a hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The XRD pattern suggested that PAni did not modify the crystal structure of SnO₂, but SnO₂ affected the crystallization of PAni to some extent. The gas sensitivity of the PAni/SnO₂ hybrid was also studied to ethanol and acetone at operation temperatures of 30, 60 and 90 °C. It was found that the PAni/SnO₂ hybrid material had gas sensitivity only when operated at 60 and 90 °C, and it showed a linear relationship between the responses and the concentrations of ethanol and acetone at 90 °C. The sensing mechanism was also discussed.     

氧化铟纳米线的水热-退火合成及其NO2气敏性能研究

以InCl3·4H2O、草酸和氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热-退火路径,合成出了In2O3纳米线.X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征结果表明:合成产物为立方相的In2O3纳米线,其直径约为30-50 nm,长径比超过40.气敏性能测试结果表明,以该法合成的In2O3纳米线对NO2灵敏度高,选择性好,响应恢复快,可以检测1 ppm(i.e.×10-6)的NO2,是一种应用前景良好的NO2敏感材料.     

溅射Au对SnO_2/Fe_2O_3薄膜气敏特性的影响

通过直流溅射Au对PCVD方法制备的SnO2/Fe2O3双层薄膜的SnO2表面进行了修饰,并对修饰后的Au SnO2/Fe2O3薄膜的气敏特性进行了观测。结果表明,Au的催化作用使Au SnO2/Fe2O3薄膜气敏器件对CO,H2,C2H5OH等气体的灵敏度增大2～3倍,相应于最大灵敏度的工作温度均降低约60℃。这显示直流溅射Au是改善SnO2/Fe2O3双层薄膜气敏性能的一种有效手段。     

A highly sensitive and fast-responding sensor based on electrospun In2O3 nanofibers

In₂O₃ nanofibers with diameters of around 60 nm have been fabricated by electrospinning with a solution containing both poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and indium nitrate, followed by calcination in air at 700 °C. Without further adding catalysts or doping other metal oxides, the sensor based on the as-prepared indium oxide (In₂O₃) nanofibers showed high response and selectivity, fast response and recovery time towards ethanol gas. The simple preparation and excellent properties significantly advance the viability of electrospun gas sensors.     

Ozone addition to C60 and C70 fullerenes: a DFT study

Three modes of synchronous ozone addition ([6.6]-, [5.6]-, and 1,4-addition) to C(60) fullerene and three modes of ozone addition to C(70) (ab-, cc-, and de-addition) have been studied using density functional theory calculations. Comparison of activation enthalpies shows that in the case of C(60), [6.6]-addition of ozone is the most favorable energetically and occurs without a barrier. In the case of the C(70) fullerene, additions to ab- and cc-bonds are the most favorable. The initial step of interaction between a C(60)/C(70) and O(3) is the formation of a molecular complex, which then converts into a primary ozonide. The calculated rate constant of the [6.6]-addition to the C(60) fullerene according to the proposed scheme is 3.90 x 10(6)L mol(-1)s(-1), which corresponds well to the experimental value.     

六方纳米氧化钨的制备及其表征

氧化钨无机半导体材料因其特有的物理化学性能以及在气敏、光催化、光致变色、电致变色和场发射等领域的广泛应用,得到人们的普遍关注.以钨酸钠为前驱体,硫酸钠为结构导向剂,采用水热合成法制备了六方相三氧化钨,并应用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM),傅里叶变换(FFT)等微观分析手段对三氧化钨粉体进行表征和分析.结果表明:在pH≈1,最终反应温度160℃,反应时间12 h可得到平均直径约为85 nm,长度约为2.2μm六方相氧化钨纳米线.并由HRTEM和FFT图像可分析得知,六方相三氧化钨纳米线晶体生长方向主要沿着[001]轴向,其晶面间距为0.3880 nm.     

Thermal function of a clothing ensemble during work: dependency on inner clothing layer fit

A tight-fitting crewneck undergarment (U) and a loose-fitting shirt (S) were studied as part of a commonly used clothing ensemble (Itot = 0.22 m2 K W-1). Ten clothed male subjects performed standardized packing work (VO2 = 0.761 min-1) at three climatic conditions, 20 degrees C and Va = 0.45 m s-1 (0-30 min), at 5 degrees C and Va = 0.39 m s-1 (30-60 min) and at 5 degrees C and Va = 1.23 m s-1 (76-90 min). From 60-75 min the subjects rested at 20 degrees C. The physiological and subjective responses varied with the environment from slightly warm to cool. U resulted in warmer responses than S: torso and upper arm skin temperatures were higher at both 5 degrees C and 20 degrees C, evaporation rate was higher at 20 degrees C, mean skin temperature was higher during work at 20 degrees C, sweating tended to begin earlier and skin wettedness to be higher with U than with S. No differences were observed in core temperature, heart rates, and subjective thermal evaluations. It was concluded that a tight-fitting inner layer (U) compared to a loose-fitting one (S) allows for less cooling of the skin in both a cool and a slightly warm environment.     

抵偿型CO传感器的制备及性能研究

以质量分数0.3的In2O3掺杂ZnO电极材料作为敏感电极,Pt为参比电极,在1200℃下烧结制备了(ZnO+质量分数0.3的In2O3)/YSZ/Pt结构的CO传感器。保持O2的体积分数为5%不变,在450℃~550℃下测试其对浓度为2×10-4的CO气体的响应。实验表明,工作温度为500℃时,传感器的响应值达到最大(-59 mV),接近未掺杂之前的两倍,使得传感器的灵敏度得到极大极高。为了克服C3H6气体的干扰(响应值在-50 mV以上),借鉴混合电位理论,用柱状形貌Cr2O3材料替代Pt做参比电极制备了抵偿型CO传感器,并测试其敏感性能。结果表明,该传感器对CO的响应值只减小了-11 mV(为-48 mV),而对C3H6的响应则呈现出大幅度衰减(-10 mV以下),明显提高了传感器的选择性。最后,对此现象,我们采用相应的传感器敏感机理进行了探讨。     

WO3基臭氧敏感元件的研制

在三氧化钨粉体材料中加入金属氧化物,以恒温600℃烧结1小时制成傍热式厚膜O3气体敏感元件.采用静态电压测量法,研究了加入一定质量分数的Nb2O5、Fe2O3、Co3O4、TiO2、Sb2O3后元件的加热电压与电导率、元件灵敏度、60 s后回复几率的关系,讨论了掺杂成分和杂质的质量分数对材料的气敏性能和环境适应能力的影响.实验结果显示:2%TiO2- 3% Nb2O5-WO3元件能开发成理想的O3敏感元件.