管壳式换热器流体流动与耦合传热的数值模拟

结合化工行业中使用的某型号管壳式换热器的结构图和工艺参数,对换热器的结构进行了合理的简化,利用ANSYS参数化建模方法建立了管壳式换热器的参数化模型。在ANSYS FLUENT14.0数值模拟软件中对换热器的流体流动以及耦合传热进行了数值模拟,得到管程和壳程流体的流速分布、压降情况、温度场变化的细节信息。该工作对于设计传热效率高、流体阻力小的换热器进行了有益探索。     

管壳式换热器壳程流动与传热的数值模拟与验证

针对目前管壳式换热器中微小流路建模和分析的缺失,采用“分段建模,整体综合”的模拟方法成功地开发了小间隙流路A和E的建模技术,建立了既包含主体流路（B、C）,也包含微小泄漏流道（A、E）的全流路管壳式换热器流动与传热模型,得到了与实际换热器相适应的几何模型。通过应用CFD软件Fluent进行分段模型的流动与传热研究,对各流道在折流空间中对传热和流动的影响进行了分析讨论。同时,采用整体综合技术,将数值模拟获得的局部流动与传热数据综合整理得到了换热器传热和阻力系数的整体法关联式。并将模拟结果与几种著名的壳程计算方法（Donohue、Kern和Bell-Delaware,流路分析）进行了对比,结果发现数值模拟与Bell-Delaware法和流路分析法的结果吻合良好,最大偏差小于20%。     

纵流式换热器壳侧支撑方式的数值研究

提出了一种纵流式换热器壳侧交错短杆支撑方式,并对光滑传热管束的交错短杆、短管、方形折流杆3种管间支承方式及波纹管束自支承、混合管束自支承方式,在流动与传热充分发展区段,采用湍流模型、六面体网格,运用商业软件FLUENT进行了三维数值计算。对各种支撑方式在不同的支撑间距（Ls=4.56和9.13）、不同的Reynolds数（Re＝2630、13150、26300、52600）下的传热特性、流动阻力特性、支撑的可靠性进行了优化研究。得出了各种支撑方式的壳侧Nu、压降及综合指标-h/（LΔp）与Re的关系。     

Experimental and CFD investigation of convective heat transfer in helically coiled tube heat exchanger

Experimental studies on isothermal steady state and non-isothermal unsteady state conditions were carried out in helical coils for Newtonian as well as for non-Newtonian fluids. Water and glycerol–water mixture (10 and 20% glycerol) were used as Newtonian, and 0.5–1% (w/w) dilute aqueous polymer solutions of Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (SCMC) and Sodium Alginate (SA) as non-Newtonian fluids are used in this study. These experiments were performed for coil curvature ratios as δ = 0.0757, 0.064 and 0.055 in laminar and turbulent flow regimes (total 258 tests). The CFD analyses for laminar and turbulent flow were carried out using FLUENT 12.0.16 solver of CFD package. The CFD calculation results (Nu_i, U, T₂ and Tw_o) for laminar and turbulent flow are compared with the experimental results and the work of earlier investigators which were found to be in good agreement. For the first time, an innovative approach of correlating Nusselt number to dimensionless number, ‘M’, Prandtl number and coil curvature ratio using least-squares power law fit is presented in this paper which is not available in the literature. Several other correlations for calculation of Nusselt number for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, and two correlations for friction factor in non-Newtonian fluids (based on 78 tests and 138 tests) are proposed. These developed correlations were compared with the work of earlier investigators and are found to be in good agreement.     

管壳式换热器的研究进展与方向

从管程强化和壳程强化两方面论述了管壳式换热器强化传热技术的机理,指出了管壳式换热器今后发展中的主要方向;同时对换热器的防腐措施以及改进动向作了介绍。     

换热管内置螺旋形扭带阻力与传热特性的实验研究

为了研究螺旋形扭带阻力与传热特性,选取了不同宽度（6、7和8 mm）的3种扭率（2.0、3.0、4.0）、3种螺距比（1.5、2.0、2.5）的参数组合下共27根螺旋形扭带插入换热管内进行实验.实验结果表明,插入螺旋形扭带后换热管内流动阻力和传热效果都有明显提高.通过对实验数据的多元线性回归分析,建立了相应的阻力系数和努赛尔数关联式.并且由强化传热综合性能评价分析,在实验雷诺数范围内得出强化传热综合性能评价因子φ=1.063～1.587,证明了实验研究的扭带具有强化传热的应用价值.     

管壳式换热器技术进展

介绍了管壳式换热器在多个方面的技术进展情况 :管子的强化 ,折流板及支撑物 ,管内插件技术。认为提高传热系数 ,降低流体压降 ,增加传热面积等 ,是管壳式换热器的技术发展方向。     

扭曲管换热器壳程流体流动及传热的数值模拟

扭曲管因具有较好的强化传热性能得到关注,针对扭曲管管内流体流动及传热性能进行了实验与数值研究.验证了扭曲管在低Re下,与普通圆管相比具有较好的强化传热性能.利用FLUENT软件,研究了扭曲管换热器壳程流体流动及传热的特性.对壳程流速在0.3-1.0 m/s的情况下,分别得到了壳程流体的速度矢量分布、温度场分布、质点迹线...     

并流多通道进出口管壳式换热器壳程传热性能比较

对一种新型并流多通道进出口结构的壳程轴流管壳式换热器壳程局部传热性能进行实验研究,在有分布挡板与无分布挡板的情况下,分别对进口段局部努塞尔数Nu的分布、局部平均Nu的分布、以及换热器整体的传热和阻力性能进行了比较与分析。研究结果揭示了壳程进口段的局部表面Nu的分布规律,并给出了合理的机理分析。结果表明,分布挡板不但能够有效促进壳程流场和局部Nu的均匀分布,而且能够提高整体传热性能,且阻力增加较小。     

沉浸式换热器超声强化传热影响因素

以沉浸式换热器为研究对象,通过壁面加载超声波,比较了超声波振幅、换热器入口流速和管外压力对超声波效应及强化传热效果的影响。结果表明：超声波振幅由20μm增大至35μm时,表面对流传热系数增幅由15.67%增至26.71%;管外压力由0.1MPa增大至1.0MPa时,表面对流传热系数增幅由20.95%增至48.43%;入口流速由1.0m/s降低至0.05m/s时,表面对流传热系数增幅由1.76%增至39.01%。增大超声波振幅、环境压力和减小介质流速均能增强超声波声流现象和空化效应,有效提高超声波强化传热效果;高压环境会使同振幅、同频率超声振动作用下声功率呈指数增长,高流速会降低流体介质的声能密度,两种情况都需要匹配合适的超声波以保证强化传热最佳效果。     

并流多通道管壳式换热器壳侧流场数值研究

采用多孔介质-分布阻力模型,对一种新型并流多通道进出口结构(MPC)轴流管壳式换热器壳程流场进行数值研究.在传热管长6.0 m不变,分别针对长径比L/D=2.0和L/D=1.5二种情况,研究Re和通道数N对壳侧流场的分布及阻力变化规律.结果表明:在相同的Re和L/D下,随着N的增加,壳程的流场分布不均现象得到有效的遏制...     

螺旋套管换热器壳程流体湍流换热热力性能数值研究

利用计算流体力学软件对内管为螺纹管的螺旋套管换热器壳程流体的湍流流动和换热性能进行了数值模拟。通过与内管为光管的研究结果对比,揭示了内管为螺纹管时壳程流体的速度场和温度场分布,研究了雷诺数、槽高对壳程流体湍流流动及换热性能的影响,并利用场协同原理初步揭示了螺纹复合螺旋流动强化流体换热的机理。结果表明,螺纹内管的螺纹凸起对螺旋套管换热器壳程流体的扰流和导流作用明显,在研究范围内(Re=10000～24000),内管为螺纹管的螺旋套管换热器壳程流体的传热效率较内管为光管的模型最大提高了22.1%;结构参数相同时,随着Re增大,螺旋套管换热器壳程流体的Nu逐渐增大,阻力系数f逐渐减小,综合评价因子Ψ逐渐减小,在研究范围内,Nu最大增加了85.6,f最大减少了0.008,Ψ从1.35减小至1.18。当Re一定时,当量高度h’增大,f逐渐增大,Nu先增大后减小。由场协同原理分析得出,h’=0.220时,在螺纹凸起扰流和导流的作用下壳程流体的温度场与速度场协同性能较好,综合评价因子Ψ最大,螺纹的优化当量高度h’宜取约0.220。     

螺旋折流板换热器的协同角分布特性及局部换热特征

采用商用软件GAMBIT和FLUENT对3种不同螺旋角的螺旋折流板换热器周期性模型进行了三维数值模拟计算分析。计算发现40°角模型的Nusselt数最高而平均协同角最小,结论符合场协同原理。揭示了螺旋折流板换热器内场协同角的分布特征,发现螺旋折流板换热器整场的场协同角分布相当均匀。同时,对螺旋折流板换热器内不同区域的局部换热特征进行了研究,发现中心区域的换热强度随Reynolds数逐渐增强。     

三叶孔板换热器壳程流动及传热数值模拟

三叶孔板换热器是一种新型纵流换热器,广泛应用于核电装备领域。针对目前使用较多的壳程“单元流道”模型的局限性,建立了三叶孔板换热器壳程整体模型,包括进出口接管。采用商用软件FLUENT14.0及RNG k-ε湍流模型对壳程流体流动与传热进行了数值研究,分析了三叶孔板换热器壳程流动与传热特性。结果表明：流经第一块支撑板后,流体已充分发展,并且随着壳程结构周期性变化,传热与压降也呈现周期性变化。在支撑板附近,流体流速变大,形成射流,并且由于支撑板阻挡,在支撑板前面和尾部产生二次流,能有效冲刷管壁,减薄流动边界层,起到强化传热作用。     

A numerical study on heat transfer enhancement and design of a heat exchanger with porous media in continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis system

The aim of this study is to use a new configuration of porous media in a heat exchanger in continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) system to enhance the heat transfer and minimize the required length of the heat exchanger.For this purpose,numerous numerical simulations are performed to investigate performance of the system with porons media.First,the numerical simulation for the heat exchanger in CHFS system is validated by experimental data.Then,porous media is added to the system and six different thicknesses for the porous media are examined to obtain the optimum thickness,based on the minimum required length of the heat exchanger.Finally,by changing the flow rate and inlet temperature of the product as well as the cooling water flow rate,the minimum required length of the heat exchanger with porous media for various inlet conditions is assessed.The investigations indicate that using porous media with the proper thickness in the heat exchanger increases the cooling rate of the product by almost 40％and reduces the required length of the heat exchanger by approximately 35％.The results also illustrate that the most proper thickness of the porous media is approximately equal to 90％ of the product tube's thickness.Results of this study lead to design a porous heat exchanger in CHFS system for various inlet conditions.     

An investigation in the effects of recycles on laminar heat transfer enhancement of parallel-flow heat exchangers

It was demonstrated that fluid recycling could effectively enhance heat transfer rates of heat exchangers, however, related investigations were limited. In the current work, parallel-flow heat exchangers with basic recycles or revised recycles are investigated in the laminar regime. Theoretical models of thermo-hydraulic performances are established. The effects of reflux ratio, capacitance rate ratio, heat transfer area, and recycle length are investigated. The results demonstrate that the dimensionless heat transfer rate rises with the increase of reflux ratio or capacitance rate ratio, or with the decrease of heat transfer area, and the maximum values reach up to 127% and 121% for basic internal and external recycles, respectively. Basic internal recycles generate larger dimensionless heat transfer rates under larger reflux ratios, while basic external recycles perform more reliably over the whole reflux ratio range. Compared with basic recycles, revised recycles (i.e., partial-length recycles) require smaller pumping powers. Thus, partial-length recycles can improve the dimensionless overall performance of full-length recycle heat exchangers, e.g., half-length recycles increase the dimensionless overall performance by 65%. Fluid recycling does not need to change geometrical structures and fluid flow rates, thus it is a competitive approach of thermal augmentation in heat exchangers.     

换热管内置螺旋线圈的阻力及传热特性实验研究

将9种不同结构尺寸的螺线线圈分别置入换热管内进行实验研究,分析了其阻力和传热特性。实验结果表明,在相同的Re下,管内插入螺旋线圈后流体压降和传热系数都有较大提高。通过多元线性回归分析,得到了压降增量和传热系数关联式。由传热性能分析,得到了综合评价因子φ=0.77~1.60,为如何选用性能优越的螺旋线圈提供了参考依据。     

基于超声技术的沉浸式换热器强化传热研究

针对沉浸式换热器管外强化传热的问题,采用振动壁面的方式向换热器内输入超声波,研究了超声外场对沉浸式换热器内的管外流动、空化现象以及传热强化的作用。超声作用在流体中能够产生空化现象和声流的传播。其空化作用使得邻近振动面的流体发生液气相变,在远离振子的区域发生微小气泡的膨胀,换热器管外流体区域的平均气体体积分数由未加载超声时的0.01302最大增至0.01359。声流现象使得换热器管外流体的流速具有和超声波相同的脉动变化特性,呈高低速相间分布流向换热器两侧,最低速度接近0,最高速度4.93 m·s^-1,平均流速由0.0248 m·s^-1增至0.102 m·s^-1,超声作用效果显著。在空化和声流的双重作用下,换热管外表面湍动能均值由2.090×10^-4 m²·s^-2增大至0.01847 m²·s^-2,表明换热管外表面流体受到扰动增强,换热管外表面对流传热系数由1634.533 W·m^-2·K^-1增大至2031.069 W·m^-2·K^-1,传热强化比率达24.26%。本研究对超声技术在沉浸式换热器内的应用具有重要意义。     

管壳式换热器故障分析及维修处理

管壳式换热器在化工装置中被广泛应用,通过分析管壳式换热器在实际运行过程中出现的故障及原因,总结优化检维修方法和程序,提高设备检维修效率,为相关现场维修管理提供参照。     

组合列管式石墨换热器在磷酸工业中的应用

介绍应用在磷酸浓缩工艺中的一种新型组合列管式石墨换热器。其突出的特点是采用石墨块材为结构材料,两端管板均为固定管板;管板与换热管之间采用高弹性耐磨材料,实现弹性密封的连接;单管伸缩,消除了温度不均导致的应力破坏。设备全部采用承插式活连接,换管简单,维修方便,其价格仅为国外进口价的1/10。