催化裂化油浆综合利用浅析

介绍了催化裂化油浆的性质和组成特点,油浆中脱除催化剂颗粒的常用分离技术与现状,对催化裂化油浆作为道路沥青改性剂、丙烷脱沥青强化剂、渣油强化蒸馏添加剂、橡胶软化剂和填充油、芳烃增塑剂、碳素纤维材料、针状焦、炭黑和导热油等进行综合利用及其研究进展进行了综述。     

炼油厂催化裂化油浆的综合利用

重油催化裂化装置抽出油浆已成为当前改善催化裂化操作的有效手段,目前油浆主要作为燃料油的调合油,这种利用油浆的方式效益低,而且油浆中含有少量固体颗粒,易造成炉嘴结焦。本文从实际应用的角度出发,介绍了催化油浆在炼油方面的几种应用途径,这些方法简单易行,且灵活性大,在现有炼油装置上即可实现,科学地利用催化油浆对于提高企业的经济效益具有重要意义。     

交联催化油浆/减压渣油改质制道路沥青

利用交联催化油浆和减压渣油为原料,将交联催化油浆减压蒸馏后得到的蒸馏残油与减压渣油进行调合,加入少量增延剂和PI改进剂制备70B道路沥青,为催化油浆综合利用探索了一条新途径。     

春风减渣改质塔河减渣制取60#道路沥青效果

塔河减渣（THVR）直接生产合格道路沥青存在技术瓶颈。本文用调和工艺,以塔河减渣为基质沥青,在荆门油浆、荆门抽出油及春风减渣3种不同种类的调和组分中优选出新疆春风减渣（CFVR）为优质软组分,对THVR改质制备60^#道路沥青的效果进行考察,建立基于正庚烷沥青质含量的沥青热老化动力学模型,并对改质前后沥青四组分进行平均分子结构表征。结果表明：与THVR相比,CFVR热老化性能及低温性能较好,但感温性能较差,添加40% CFVR的调和沥青TH-CF-40可满足道路石油沥青60^#标准。TH-CF-40老化速率较小,老化反应活化能E_a为102.00kJ/mol,较THVR为高;其饱和分链长为14.44,较THVR短;芳香分、胶质及沥青质芳碳率f_A分别为0.29、0.42、0.46,芳环与环烷环之比R_A/R_N分别为1.24、2.65、2.93,平均侧链长度L分别为6.78、6.09、5.40,均向CFVR趋近,从而使得调和沥青的抗热老化性能及低温延展性有所提高。采用该工艺有助于减少塔河减渣焦化处理量,提高塔河减渣的利用水平,研究结果为拓展春风优质沥青的更高效利用提供理论指导,具有学术意义和应用前景。     

催化裂化油浆利用技术的研究

概述了催化裂化油浆的组成、性质,研究了催化裂化油浆在石油加工及其后续深加工领域利用的技术进展,分析了油浆在常减压蒸馏、延迟焦化装置、溶剂脱沥青、用作沥青改性剂等方面的应用,展望了油浆在深加工利用方面的发展前景。     

劣质催化裂化柴油综合利用技术研究进展

催化裂化柴油硫含量高,芳烃含量高,十六烷值低,是较为劣质的柴油组分。通过加氢方法一般可以实现催化裂化柴油的大幅改质,但芳烃加氢饱和对提高中间馏分油的十六烷值有限。催化裂化柴油已成为限制企业柴油质量升级的关键。针对国内外车用柴油质量升级趋势,以劣质催化裂化柴油高值化和清洁化利用为出发点,综述劣质催化裂化柴油综合利用技术的研究进展,分析劣质催化裂化柴油加氢改质后调和柴油的劣势,重点介绍由劣质催化裂化柴油生产低碳芳烃或高辛烷值汽油的工艺技术,提出利用催化裂化柴油富含芳烃的特点,加氢后生产高辛烷值汽油或轻质芳烃是最具竞争力的加工路线。下一步的工作重点是进一步提高现有技术芳烃加氢饱和与侧链断裂选择性,提高低碳芳烃产率,减少低值副产物,使经济效益最大化。     

塔河原油生产高等级道路沥青原料选择与评价

针对西部发展对高等级道路沥青的市场需求及塔河原油生产高等级道路沥青的问题,本文依据塔河炼化现有生产结构,从原料组成和结构、调和沥青性能、混合料性能等方面,开展适宜于生产高等级道路沥青的原料选择对比研究,并通过实际生产对技术方案进行了评价。研究得出,焦化辐射油胶体不稳定指数I_c为0.76,其实沸点大于430℃的渣油PI值较低,闪点满足90A道路沥青要求。塔河原油焦化辐射油适宜于高等级道路沥青生产。并以此设计生产工艺流程,生产出了符合指标要求的高等级道路沥青。满足了西部道路建设的需求。     

Preparation and properties of high viscosity modified asphalt

High viscosity modified (HVM) asphalt was prepared by the addition of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), plasticizer, crosslinker. The effect and proportion of each modifier in the preparation of HVM asphalt were studied. SBS was the major modifier and determined the basic properties of HVM asphalt. Plasticizer (furfural exact oil) and crosslinker (sulfur) as additional modifiers were necessary in improving the workability, stability, and aging resistance of modifier. The effect of aging and additional modifiers on the structure and rheological behavior of SBS modified (SM) asphalt was displayed by adopting various rheological tests. Plasticizer declined the rutting resistance of SM asphalt and increased the viscous behavior of SM asphalt after aging. The use of crosslinker led to the formation of polymer network and improved the aging resistance of SM asphalt. The morphology observation shows crosslinker led to the formation of polymer network and improved the compatibility between SBS and asphalt. Plasticizer prompted the swelling and dispersion of SBS in asphalt and improved the effect of crosslinker further. Aging destroyed the polymer phase seriously and there was still residual polymer phase in asphalt. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:936–946, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

废旧胶粉改性沥青抗老化性能及效益分析

以辽河沥青为基质沥青,以废旧胶粉为改性剂,以糠醛抽出油为调合剂,可制备改性沥青。采用失重系数法、针入度比法考察2种沥青的抗老化性能。结果表明,与基质沥青相比,废旧胶粉改性沥青具有较好的抗老化性能。通过经济效益和社会效益分析,证明用废旧橡胶粉对沥青进行改性,既减少了废旧橡胶对环境的污染,又降低了改性沥青的生产成本。     

催化裂化油浆利用的技术进展

概述了催化裂化油浆的组成、性质和净化技术,介绍了催化裂化油浆在石油加工、石油化工领域利用的技术进展。分析了油浆在沥青改性、与煤共处理制取沥青改进剂、溶剂脱沥青、强化蒸馏、减黏裂化和延迟焦化工艺中的应用;评述了油浆的深度分离技术及分离所得组分的利用。     

The research for high‐elastic modified asphalt

High‐elastic modified (HEM) asphalt was prepared by the addition of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS), plasticizer, and crosslinker to base asphalt. The effect and proportion of each modifier in asphalt were studied using physical and rheological tests. It was found that SBS determined the high‐temperature performance of HEM asphalt mainly. Plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate) is very helpful in improving the low‐temperature flexibility and elastic recovery. Crosslinker (sulfur) is necessary in maintaining high‐temperature stability. In this study, Fourier transform infrared, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and microscopy observation were used to investigate the structural characteristics of modified asphalts further before and after ageing. The research showed the structural characteristics of modified asphalt were influenced evidently by ageing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42132.     

催化裂化油浆的加工工艺及进展

随着原油变重和炼厂掺炼渣油比例的增加，使重油催化裂化装置加工难度增加，并影响了其产品质量及分布。为了提高重油催化裂化装置的加工能力和轻油收率，外甩油浆是改善催化裂化操作的有效手段。油浆作为劣质的重油，催化裂化加工困难。目前油浆用于调和燃料油，但经济效益低。油浆中有相当数量的具有较好裂化性能的烃类，是催化裂化的理想原料，同时富含的稠环芳烃是生产针状焦、增塑剂等高附加值化工产品的原料。本文阐述了催化裂化油浆净化、加氢处理、溶剂脱沥青、溶剂精制、延迟焦化等工艺技术及其发展。     

催化裂化油浆高值化利用技术研究现状

催化裂化油浆直接作为燃料油的调和组分出售,经济价值较低,近年来其高值化利用技术备受关注。本文介绍了催化裂化油浆高值化利用技术研究现状,重点介绍了已工业化应用的催化裂化油浆掺炼作为延迟焦化原料技术、掺炼入常渣减压装置提高蜡油收率技术、掺炼作为溶剂脱沥青原料技术、蒸馏分离出沥青组分调和生产道路沥青技术及其特点,同时介绍了催化裂化油浆与煤共炼提高附加值、利用溶剂分离出富芳组分生产化工产品、直接热裂化生产沥青改质组分技术研究结果及其特点。从目前油浆高值化利用途径来看,油浆掺炼工艺成熟,易于实现,但价值提升不显著,同时受到炼厂现有生产装置及掺炼数量的限制,其他利用途径高值化效果显著,但需要新增设备投资,因而催化油浆的集中加工处理将是具有规模效应的有效利用途径。     

基于储存稳定性的橡胶改性沥青制备工艺

为了制备储存稳定性良好的橡胶改性沥青,基于高温混炼工艺,使用聚苯乙烯-聚丁二烯-聚苯乙烯嵌段聚合物(SBS)、芳烃油、辛烯聚合物橡胶反应剂(TOR)、稳定剂与橡胶粉对基质沥青进行复合改性。提出了橡胶改性沥青的制备方法,分析了改性剂对沥青常规性能和流变特性的影响,并通过荧光试验观察改性剂在沥青中的分散效果。研究结果表明:添加质量分数为25%的40目(380 μm)胶粉可以明显提高沥青的高温性能;180 ℃下剪切60~90 min后溶胀发育60 min可以得到稳定性良好的橡胶改性沥青;加入相容剂和稳定剂可以提高胶粉的溶胀与分散程度,改性剂之间对沥青性能的影响存在协同作用;复合改性沥青具有良好的弹性恢复能力和高温抗变形性能;橡胶粉、SBS在沥青中的溶胀程度和分散均匀性是影响沥青常规性能和储存稳定性的直接因素。     

Outdoor aging of road asphalt and SBS modified asphalt

The process of performance degradation of road asphalt (RA) is regarded as aging. At present, better understanding of the thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt is achieved and the corresponding method to evaluate this process is developed; meanwhile, photo-oxidative aging (aging in an atmospheric environment, which is referred to as “outdoor aging” in this paper) of asphalt remains at the initial stages of scientific exploration. The outdoor natural ultraviolet (UV) aging of RA and SBS modified asphalt (SBSMA) are investigated in this study. The experimental results show that the basic performances of RA and SBSMA present similar change tendencies. The softening point increased, while the penetration and ductility decreased as the outdoor aging time passed by, and the 5°C ductility (ductility measured at 5°C) of SBSMA decreased very quickly. The group components of RA and SBSMA also change during UV aging. The content of asphaltene rose and that of aromatics and saturates decreased, while the content of resins changed insignificantly. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) graphs show that the content of sulfoxide and carbonyl groups in RA and SBSMA increased significantly during the outdoor aging process.     

接枝SBS的研究进展及其在改性沥青中的应用

苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）作为一种性能优异的热塑性弹性体,已成为目前应用最广泛的聚合物沥青改性剂。本文针对SBS与沥青物化性质差异较大、相容性不足、制备的改性沥青易离析的应用缺陷,在阐释接枝SBS接枝原理的基础上,总结了以引发剂法和辐射接枝聚合法为代表的接枝方法,综述了不同单体接枝SBS作为沥青改性剂的研究现状,通过分析评价提出了今后的研究重点,即选择极性合适、不影响沥青性能的单体,综合研究物料用量、温度、时间等因素来严格控制接枝SBS合成过程,全面准确地表征接枝物结构及接枝率等参数,并深入研究其改性沥青机理,建立整套指标体系。     

A study of the suitability of the KENTORT II eastern shale oil for asphalt paving applications

The uncertain future of petroleum reserves has fuelled the search for alternative resources. A feasibility study was conducted to determine potential paving applications of the oil extracted from eastern shale by the KENTORT II process. The eastern shale oil (ESO) in this study was separated into two drastically different viscosity portions, designated as ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ ESO. It was hypothesized that the ‘hard’ portion might enhance the asphalt performance by increasing the stiffness. It was discovered that the ‘hard’ ESO modified asphalt properties deteriorate significantly with time. On the other hand, the ‘soft’ ESO was found to exhibit desirable properties in an asphalt recycling application. Further studies are recommended to fully characterize the binder and mixture properties of ESO modified/rejuvenated asphalts.     

流化催化裂化油浆综合利用的分析

流化催化裂化（FCC）油浆外甩量通常超过5%,需要脱固处理得到澄清油再利用。本文分析得出了向延迟焦化、溶剂脱沥青、减压蒸馏、加氢等重质油加工装置直接掺炼,局限性较大;利用减压蒸馏、溶剂抽提、超临界流体萃取等工艺,对澄清油“掐头去尾”,分离组分可生产针状焦、环保橡胶填充油、沥青树脂以及碳素纤维等高附加值产品。油浆组分通过延迟焦化制备针状焦,是工业化应用主体方向,但国内产品质量与国外尚有很大差距;油浆制备环保橡胶填充油,在降低环保橡胶油多环芳烃（PCA）和8种危害性稠环芳烃（PAHs）分别至3%和10mg/kg以下的同时,必须提高芳碳率（C_A）值至10%以上来保持橡胶相容性,其收率及生产成本是工业化应用推广的制约因素。     

Modification of waterproofing asphalt by PVC packaging waste

Recycled packaging waste poly(vinyl chloride), instead of an ordinary polymer modifier, was adopted for the modification of an asphalt waterproofing membrane. The physical performance of the membrane was studied. Results showed that the softening point of the modified asphalt was increased, while the penetration degree was reduced. Also, under natural aging conditions, the tension, the retention of extension under the greatest tension, and the retention of low‐temperature flexibility were all improved significantly. At the same time, the resistance to acid, alkali, and salt corrosion of the modified waterproofing membrane was improved. The mechanism of the modification was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microstructure analysis. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

煤沥青与石油沥青共混改性及其热解特性

考察了不同添加量的煤沥青四氢呋喃萃取物(THFS)对石油沥青的改性,随着THFS添加量的增多,改性沥青针入度降低,软化点升高,延度下降,参照英国标准(BSI BS—3690)得出最佳添加量为8%。利用TG-FTIR、FTIR对改性沥青进行了表征,结果表明:THFS、改性沥青的失重率大于基质沥青70的失重率; THFS在700～900cm^-1处芳香烃类的透射峰强度明显强于基质沥青与改性沥青;沥青老化后在2953cm^-1和1377cm^-1(—CH₃)、1461cm^-1和2924cm^-1(—CH₂—)处透射峰逐渐增强;1600cm^-1(C=O和苯环C=C)透射峰逐渐增强;沥青热解半焦中的脂肪烃类物质含量较少,主要以高度缩合的稠环芳香烃类物质为主;沥青在老化过程中主要发生了氧化、裂解、加成、聚合、缩合等反应。