强流重离子加速器装置电源预研及进展

介绍了强流重离子加速器装置（HIAF）磁铁励磁电源的需求,针对这些特殊需求进行了电源相关技术的预研,并介绍了样机研制最新进展。     

重离子加速器磁铁电源控制系统研制

重离子加速器通过一定周期的磁场对带电粒子进行约束,磁铁电源是产生所需磁场的关键部件,因此,要求磁铁电源控制系统具备高效性、稳定性、精确性。磁铁电源需按加速器运行周期进行响应运行。重离子加速器磁铁电源的时序必须严格按重离子加速器控制系统的控制时序进行控制。本工作研制了重离子加速器磁铁电源控制系统,通过磁铁电源控制器与同步时钟系统的通信进行控制时序的运行;通过与中央数据库的数据通信获取磁铁电源控制器所需的全部数据(如同步事例数据、波形数据等)。同步时钟信号一旦触发,磁铁电源控制器进行相应的数据获取并进行插值运算输出至磁铁电源进行控制。重离子加速器磁铁电源控制系统同步精度为1μs,实验平台测试控制器平台纹波精度为100ppm,能满足重离子加速器实验运行的要求。     

HIRFL-CSR二极磁铁电源的研制

研制了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)二极磁铁电源,提出了一种基于晶闸管相控整流技术和IGBT脉宽调制(PWM)变换技术的同步加速器二极磁铁电源的设计方案,分析、仿真了其工作原理,并设计、生产了1套完整的电源样机。经现场试验、长期运行及测试,电流稳定度±5×10-5/8h,跟踪精度±2×10-4,电流纹波1×10-5。该方案满足HIRFL-CSR二极磁铁对电源技术指标的要求。     

兰州重离子研究装置(HTRFL)进展

兰州重离子研究装置的主要部件正在陆续到货。1985年第四季度进行的主加速器磁铁铁心的预装,标志着兰州重离子加速器已开始进入主体安装阶段。HIRFL的注入器SFC在去年完成了磁场垫补和测磁,在计算机上处理和打印了两套磁场数据,便于调束时进行轨道计算;完成了真空室安装检漏,初步抽空到10~(-6)乇量级,     

医用质子/重离子加速器辐射屏蔽设计概述

近年来我国医用质子/重离子加速器治癌产业开始飞速发展。粒子加速器运行时会产生次级辐射从而危及环境、公众及工作人员的辐射安全,可靠的辐射屏蔽设计是装置运行时辐射安全的必要保障。本文简要分析了医用质子/重离子加速器辐射屏蔽设计的一般考虑因素;介绍了几种常用的屏蔽计算方法并给出了计算实例。本文的研究内容对未来将要建造的医用质子/重离子加速器的辐射屏蔽设计具有一定的参考意义。     

束流调制器

介绍了一个脉冲束流调制器，它是为了满足部分重离子核物理研究了工作和加速器的研制与改进工作所需要的特定的脉冲束流而研制的，现已成功用于重离子加速器的ＥＣＲ的源的束运线上。     

基于EPICS的注入凸轨脉冲电源控制样机研制

中国散裂中子源（CSNS）快循环同步加速器（RCS）是一台高束流功率质子加速器,凸轨磁铁脉冲（BUMP）电源是CSNS注入系统的重要设备。根据CSNS工程建设的要求,需在预研阶段研制一套凸轨电源控制样机,用于研究和解决控制系统建造中的一些关键技术。注入凸轨电源样机通过横河公司生产的WE7000测量系统实现对脉冲电源的控制,根据物理设计需要可完成对电源的任意波形给定输出并实现对电源输出波形的回采显示。本文主要介绍了基于EPICS系统的WE7000设备驱动的开发,以及在此基础上研制的注入凸轨脉冲电源控制样机的应用。通过联机测试的结果表明,该样机满足对注入凸轨脉冲电源的控制要求,达到了预研目的。     

用于脉宽压缩的Mobley磁铁均匀场和边缘场的测量及均匀度的提高

Mobley磁铁是2.5MV质子静电加速器毫微秒束流脉冲化研制中一个很关键的装置。它的作用是将加速器头部切割出的10—15ns脉冲束流经过加速后在尾部压缩成1—2ns脉冲束。Mobley磁铁的性能对脉冲束在靶上的脉宽及斑点大小起着重要的作用。要求磁场有±5×10~(-4)的均匀度。该磁铁采用了积木式等结构。通过测磁发现,磁场的均匀度只有±7×10~(-4),不     

兰州重离子加速器大型真空室

已建成的兰州重离子加速器的真空室是一个大型整体结构的超高真空容器,直径约10m,高4.5m,重65000kg,内表面积211m~2,容积100m~3,工作真空度为5×10~(-5)Pa。采用有限单元法在计算机上用SAP-5C程序对真空室受力分析进行了计算。真空室结构材料选用瑞典Uddeholm钢厂生产的316 L 超低碳不锈钢。承制此大型容器的是航天工业部风华机器厂。由于结构庞大,首先将真空室分成八大块和几小块在工厂制造,然后运至现场焊制成一整体容器并进行机械加工。所有密封焊缝均用着色渗透液,X-射线探伤和氦质谱探漏仪进行检查和探漏。     

一个10ns脉冲束流传输系统

我所质子静电加速器头部切割的10ns脉冲束流经加速成0.5至2.5MeV后,传输进入中子厅,或由高频扫描板扫开,经Mobley磁铁压缩成1—2ns脉冲束流,或由Mobley磁铁偏转,在距磁铁出口1.54米处得到一横截面为圆形的束斑。它的半径为2mm,最大散角为5mrad。如图1所示,为了利用大液体闪烁探测器测量快中子俘获截面,一个10ns脉冲束流传输系统     

Development of Thin-wall Vacuum Chamber for Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator

Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM), developed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the first medical heavy ion accelerator with independent intellectual property rights in China. Because the RAMPING mode was used for high frequency pulse dipole magnets of HIMM and the rising rate of magnetic field is 1.6 T/s, the vacuum chamber installed in the high frequency pulsed magnet is a thin-wall stainless vacuum chamber with reinforcing ribs to reduce the influence of eddy current on the ion beam stability. However, the gap size of magnet occupied by thin-wall stainless vacuum chamber with reinforcing ribs is too large, and it not only causes the high cost of magnets, but also greatly improves the maintenance cost. Based on these reasons, a new thin-wall vacuum chamber (0.3 mm) with ceramic lining was put forward and the prototype was designed and manufactured. The test results show that the obtained pressure of the prototype is in the order magnitude of 10^-10 Pa, and the magnet gap can be effectively reduced. And it is the development direction of thin-wall vacuum chamber of accelerator in the future.     

CSNS/RCS陶瓷真空盒热特性及振动研究

陶瓷真空盒作为中国散裂中子源（CSNS）快循环同步加速器（RCS）真空系统的关键部件,能避免RCS二极、四极交流磁铁因快速变化的磁场而产生的涡旋电流。因安装空间限制,RCS陶瓷真空盒支架固定在磁铁线圈上。在CSNS/RCS交流磁铁长时间加电测试中,出现陶瓷真空盒断裂、真空破坏的情况。为避免后期出现类似问题,从磁铁发热进而引起陶瓷真空盒不均匀升温的角度出发,对陶瓷真空盒的热特性进行了分析,同时基于双目视觉测量技术,对陶瓷真空盒的振动情况进行了监测,针对部分真空盒水平方向振动异常的问题,确定其影响因素为快卸链条的磁导率超标。最后开展了陶瓷真空盒的支架减振技术研究。     

Maintenance Method for Tokamak Fusion Reactors with Downward Access to Torus Inboard Structures

A concept of tokamak fusion reactor maintenance is presented. Reactor structures and maintenance machines are arranged so that the component inside a shielding structure can be replaced through the hatches located on the upper side of the torus shielding structure. The plasma vacuum boundary is constituted by the inside wall of the shielding structure. The magnet vacuum chamber contains two toroidal magnets in a single room, so that strong support structures can be placed between these toroidal magnets. A merit of this reactor is that the inboard reactor structures are accessible with keeping the magnet cryogenic condition and without disassembling any major reactor components. The practicability of this method will depend on the time required to move the blanket segments in the toroidal direction and to weld pipes by remote handling. A number of ideas for reducing this time are presented.     

数字电源控制模块的设计

为加速器高精度磁铁稳流电源设计了数字电源控制模块DPSCM,以硬开关拓扑结构的磁铁电源作为被控对象,实现电源的全数字化控制。DPSCM以现场可编程门阵列FPGA为控制部件,实现对高精度ADC和DAC的控制,由数字调节器产生高精度数字脉宽调制信号,并实现电源的逻辑控制和联锁保护功能。通过模拟负载测试了DPSCM的基本功能,并在数字电源样机上测试了DPSCM长期运行的可靠性及稳定性,样机电源连续运行72h,电流稳定度优于5×10^-5。     

A fast switching electrostatic deflector system for actinide isotopic ratio measurements

We have implemented a fast switching electrostatic system on the actinides beamline on the ANTARES accelerator at ANSTO, to improve the precision of analyses by accelerator mass spectrometry. This high-energy bouncing system is based on a pair of deflector plates, deflecting in the orbit plane, set at the entrance and exit of the analysing magnet. The design of deflector plates is unique, and it was modelled by SIMION in order to minimize field inhomogenity and fringe field effects. The pair of deflector plates are supplied by a high-voltage amplifier driven by an EPICS-enabled control unit, with two 4 W power supplies providing up to ±10 kV modulation. The high-energy bouncing system is synchronized with the existing low-energy bouncing system. To measure the isotopic ratio with the new system, the magnetic fields of the injector and analysing magnets are set to transmit selected isotopes along the beam line with zero voltage applied. The other isotopes of interest are transmitted by keeping the magnetic fields constant and modulating the voltages on the injector magnet chamber and on the high-energy deflector plates.     

Monte Carlo simulation of synchrotron radiation transport and calculation of dose to the components of a high-energy accelerator

An electron-positron collider (LEP) has recently been put into operation at CERN. Two 46 GeV beams circulate around the 27 km accelerator ring and these produce intense synchrotron radiation with photon energies up to more than 1 MeV. A lead shiedl 8 mm thick has been provided in most places around the vacuum chamber to minimize radiation damage to sensitive machine components. Monte-Carlo techniques using a modified version of MORSE have been used to estimate dose-rate levels in the tunnel due to radiation escaping from the vacuum pipe and scattered by magnets and the tunnel walls. The results have been confirmed by dosimetry measurements.     

Design of the stripping unit and the electromagnetic analysis unit for the E//B NPA on HL-2A/2M tokamak

An E//B neutral particle analyzer is under development for fast ion diagnosis on HL-2A/2 M tokamak. The stripping unit is composed of a stripping room (equipped with two differential tubes and a gas supply bellows), a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pumping system. The stripping efficiency of the stripping room is calculated in the form of global efficiency R × f₊₁, where R is the non-scattered-away rate and f₊₁ is the fraction of charge state +1. The magnetic field of the E//B analyzer is produced with a permanent magnet. The yoke and the poles of the magnet are made of mild steel and the magnet plates are made of NdFeB. The magnetic poles are specially designed to focus the ion trajectories and to increase the use rate of the magnet. The shape of the magnet and the electric plates are carefully designed so that the ions are dispersed into two lines of H⁺ and D⁺ on the detector plane. For each line, the energy increases from 10 to 200 keV from one side to another.     

100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器超高真空系统研制

中国原子能科学研究院建成了一台强流质子回旋加速器,其引出能量为100 MeV,流强为200 μA。为减小粒子加速时束流损失的目的,其粒子加速腔内工作真空度要求为6.7×10^-6 Pa。由于是紧凑型加速器结构,该加速器能提供给真空系统利用的通路有限,为此主真空系统设计为内置式低温冷板结合商业低温泵的排气方案以增加系统整体的抽气能力。设计、加工完成的真空系统已成功应用于100 MeV强流质子回旋加速器上,为加速器的束流调试和正常供束提供了有利的保障。     

大型筒形通用散射靶室

描述了大型筒形通用散射靶室的结构与性能，靶室总长６．４ｍ，靶筒直径２．４ｍ；前角最大飞行距离４．５ｍ，周角飞行距离１ｍ，靶室内装有围靶球形探测支架，中角有可移动探测支架，前角有塑料闪烁墙支架，法拉第筒内可装置余束辐照样品，高真空采用８台１５００Ｌ／ｓ抽速的涡轮分子泵，运行真空度为４ｍＰａ，极限真空度为０．８ｍＰａ。