玻璃纤维增强复合材料的I型层间断裂韧性

介绍了玻璃纤维增强复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性“Ｒｏｕｎｄ Ｒｏｂｉｎ Ｔｅｓｔ”的结果。随着偶联剂浓度的改变，Ｉ型裂纹的扩展方式从稳态向非稳态转变。这类断裂韧性强烈地依赖界面性能。     

玻璃纤维增强复合材料的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性

介绍了玻璃纤维增强复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性“RoundRobinTest”的结果随着偶联剂浓度的改变，Ⅰ型裂纹的扩展方式从稳态向非稳态转变这类断裂韧性强烈地依赖界面性能关键词##4界面性能;;Ⅰ型断裂韧性;;裂纹扩展;;稳态;;非稳态     

粉末喷涂工艺安全分析及对策

结合喷涂行业粉体、工艺与车间存在的典型安全隐患,总结粉末喷涂工艺的安全现状,分析其产生原因和需要加强的地方,提出分类管理、标准细化、通风控制等改进对策。     

缝合层合板的I型层间断裂韧性研究

通过缝合的方法改善织物增强复合材料层合板的层间断裂韧性.采用双悬臂梁(DCB)试验测试和研究了缝合层合板的层间断裂韧性与断裂行为.为了评价缝合工艺参数(缝合密度)对层间断裂韧性的影响, 用改进的插入型夹具在实测不同缝合工艺层合板的I型层间断裂韧性值(GIC)的基础上, 分析和阐明了缝合工艺参数(缝合密度)与GIC间的关系; 以提高层合板的平均层间断裂韧性值为目标, 以拉伸和弯曲强度为约束条件优化了缝合工艺; 采用摄影显微镜对分层断裂面进行了观察, 分析和考察了缝合对其它性能的影响.结果表明 改进的插入型夹具可方便地完成缝合层合板的I型层间断裂韧性测试; 缝合后裂纹不连续扩展, 缝合密度对裂纹扩展行为有较大影响; 随着缝合密度的增大, 层间断裂韧性值增大, 但拉伸和弯曲强度降低, 缝合密度存在最佳值.     

缝合层合板的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性研究

通过缝合的方法改善织物增强复合材料层合板的层间断裂韧性.采用双悬臂梁(DCB)试验测试和研究了缝合层合板的层间断裂韧性与断裂行为.为了评价缝合工艺参数(缝合密度)对层间断裂韧性的影响,用改进的插入型夹具在实测不同缝合工艺层合板的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性值(G_IC)的基础上,分析和阐明了缝合工艺参数(缝合密度)与G_IC间的关系;以提高层合板的平均层间断裂韧性值为目标,以拉伸和弯曲强度为约束条件优化了缝合工艺;采用摄影显微镜对分层断裂面进行了观察,分析和考察了缝合对其它性能的影响.结果表明:改进的插入型夹具可方便地完成缝合层合板的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性测试;缝合后裂纹不连续扩展,缝合密度对裂纹扩展行为有较大影响;随着缝合密度的增大,层间断裂韧性值增大,但拉伸和弯曲强度降低,缝合密度存在最佳值.     

碳纤维无纺布对CFRP层板层间的增韧作用及机制

为了揭示短纤维无纺布对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层板层间韧性的影响规律,测试了不同面密度(1.95、3.90、7.80和15.60 mg/cm2)和不同纤维平均长度(0.8 mm和4.3 mm)的碳纤维无纺布增韧的CFRP层板I型层间断裂韧性。实验结果表明:对于不同短纤维增韧的CFRP层板,平均长度为0.8mm的短纤维增韧效果优于平均长度为4.3mm的短纤维,并且面密度为7.8mg/cm2、厚度约为150μm、平均长度为0.8mm的碳纤维无纺布显著提高了CFRP层板的层间断裂韧性,与未改性的CFRP层板相比,其能量释放率最大可提高99%。光学显微镜观察结果表明环氧基体中长度为0.8mm的短纤维具有三维交织结构,该结构可以有效地阻止裂纹的扩展;SEM观察结果表明短纤维从环氧基体中的脱粘和拔出以及短纤维周围环氧基体的塑性变形是CFRP层板的主要增韧机制。研究结论为层板短纤维增韧技术的应用奠定了基础。     

碳纳米管化学镀镍及镍层形貌控制研究

利用胶体钯溶液对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行活化处理,再采用化学镀的方法在碳纳米管表面沉积金属镍镀层,得到镀镍碳纳米管(Ni/CNTs)。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和分光光度法对Ni/CNTs和镀液进行表征,分析了镍镀层形成的热力学条件与过程。结果表明:CNTs化学镀镍层为非晶态；CNTs浓度及反应温度对Ni²⁺沉积速率无明显影响；NaOH和NaH₂PO₂浓度与Ni²⁺沉积速率呈线性关系；镍镀层生长符合球形融合模型,通过改变CNTs浓度,可对镀层形貌进行有效调控。     

复合材料的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性

本文采用铰链式双悬臂梁试件对碳/双马来酰亚胺复合材料的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性进行了研究,分析比较了层间断裂韧性G_IC的表达方法,用三次多项式和幂函数拟合实验柔度的方法得到的结果比较满意,实验结果表明纤维桥连对单向层合板的G_IC的影响是显着的,用刀片切割桥连纤维后G_IC值下降百分之二十,分散性也有显着下降。另外发现G_IC值随试件厚度增加而增大。     

Interlaminar and intralaminar reinforcement of composite laminates with aligned carbon nanotubes

Three-dimensional reinforcement of woven advanced polymer–matrix composites using aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is explored experimentally and theoretically. Radially-aligned CNTs grown in situ on the surface of fibers in a woven cloth provide significant three-dimensional reinforcement, as measured by Mode I interlaminar fracture testing and tension-bearing experiments. Aligned CNTs bridge the ply interfaces giving enhancement in both initiation and steady-state toughness, improving the already tough system by 76% in steady state (more than 1.5 kJ/m² increase). CNT pull-out on the crack faces is the observed toughening mechanism, and an analytical model is correlated to the experimental fracture data. In the plane of the laminate, aligned CNTs enhance the tension-bearing response with increases of: 19% in bearing stiffness, 9% in critical strength, and 5% in ultimate strength accompanied by a clear change in failure mode from shear-out failure (matrix dominated) without CNTs to tensile fracture (fiber dominated) with CNTs.     

Multiscale carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites containing carbon nanotubes with tailored interfaces

Pristine and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with tailored interfaces were efficiently dispersed in an epoxy matrix using a three‐roll mill and further reinforced with carbon fibres. 1.3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides was used for the chemical modification of MWCNTs by a solvent‐free approach. The influence of different loadings and types of MWCNTs on the final properties of the epoxy matrix was studied. Moreover, the most promising formulations were selected for manufacturing of prepreg sheets. The transversal tensile properties and the interlaminar fracture toughness under mode I loading (G_IC) of multiscale carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were characterized. The results point out that it is not straightforward to transfer the remarkable intrinsic properties of MWCNTs to the composite level, although an overall positive trend was found. Double cantilever beam experiments showed that G_IC of CFRP composites was improved 44% at ultralow content of functionalized MWCNTs (0.043 wt%).     

Fracture toughness improvement of CFRP laminates by dispersion of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes

Several techniques are introduced to enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP laminates using cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs). Prepared CSCNT-dispersed CFRP laminates are subject to Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and End Notched Flexure (ENF) tests in order to obtain mode-I and mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness. The measured fracture toughnesses are compared to that of CFRP laminates without CSCNT to evaluate the effectiveness of CSCNT dispersion for the improvement of fracture toughness. All CSCNT-dispersed CFRP laminates exhibit higher fracture toughness, and specifically, CSCNT-dispersed CFRP laminates with thin epoxy interlayers containing short CSCNTs have three times higher fracture toughness than CFRP laminates without CSCNT. SEM observation of fracture surfaces is also conducted to investigate the mechanisms of fracture toughness improvement. Crack deflection mechanism is recognized in the CSCNT-dispersed CFRP laminates, which is considered to contribute the enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness.     

Biocompatibility of immobilized aligned carbon nanotubes

In vivo host responses to an electrode-like array of aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) embedded within a biopolymer sheet are reported. This biocompatibility study assesses the suitability of immobilized carbon nanotubes for bionic devices. Inflammatory responses and foreign-body histiocytic reactions are not substantially elevated when compared to negative controls following 12 weeks implantation. A fibrous capsule isolates the implanted ACNTs from the surrounding muscle tissue. Filamentous nanotube fragments are engulfed by macrophages, and globular debris is incorporated into the fibrous capsule with no further reaction. Scattered leukocytes are observed, adherent to the ACNT surface. These data indicate that there is a minimal local foreign-body response to immobilized ACNTs, that detached fragments are phagocytosed into an inert material, and that ACNTs do not attract high levels of surface fouling. Collectively, these results suggest that immobilized nanotube structures should be considered for further investigation as bionic components.     

有机黏土对碳纤维/聚醚砜-环氧复合材料层间断裂韧性的影响

采用溶剂法和热熔法制备了不同有机黏土质量分数的有机黏土/聚醚砜（PES）-环氧复合材料,通过对其微观形态和力学性能的研究,揭示了复合材料的增韧机制。在有机黏土/PES-环氧复合材料中添加T800H（12K）碳纤维,制备了T800H-有机黏土/PES-环氧复合材料预浸料单向带,采用热压罐工艺制备了复合材料单向板,对其I型、II型层间断裂韧性进行了研究。结果表明:T800H-有机黏土/PES-环氧复合材料的层间断裂韧性随有机黏土质量分数变化趋势与有机黏土/PES-环氧复合材料的断裂韧性趋势一致,证明了增韧机制的正确性。      

直接在金属基片上生长超长宏观定向碳纳米管

在水辅助氧化作用下，直接在金属镍片上生长出宏观上定向生长的螺旋状碳纳米管，其长度达到7mm，直径在100-200nm，测试其场发射特性，开启场强为1．6V／μm，最大发射电流密度可达6mA／cm^2。     

酸化处理多壁碳纳米管/氰酸酯树脂复合材料性能

采用酸化处理的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）增强双酚A型氰酸酯-酚醛型氰酸酯（BCE-NCE）树脂。通过SEM、TEM对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料微观结构进行表征,利用DSC、DMA和TG/DTA对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料热性能进行研究,采用电子拉力机对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料力学性能进行测试,采用谐振腔法对MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料介电性能进行测试。结果表明,混酸处理过的MWCNTs在BCE-NCE树脂基体中的分散效果较好。MWCNTs对BCE-NCE树脂热力学性能影响不大,当MWCNTs添加量为0.8wt%时,BCE-NCE树脂玻璃化转变温度（T_g）从298℃下降到285℃,但仍维持较高水平。当MWCNTs添加量为0.6wt%时,MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料冲击强度为11.40 kJ/m²,提高了40.7%。MWCNTs的加入增加了BCE-NCE树脂介电常数和介电损耗,当MWCNTs添加量为0.8wt%、频率为1 GHz时,MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料介电常数为5.1,介电损耗为0.032。因此,MWCNTs/BCE-NCE树脂复合材料未来可在耐高温复合材料和电子等行业应用。     

Performance improvement of fuel cells using platinum-functionalised aligned carbon nanotubes

The focus of this research was towards the improvement of the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The overarching goals were: (1) providing guidelines for design of new catalysts; (2) promoting nanocatalyst applications towards alternative energy applications; and (3) integrating advanced instrumentation into nanocharacterisation and fuel cell (FC) electrochemical behaviour. In tandem with these goals, the cathode catalysts were extensively refined to improve FC performance and minimise noble metal usage. In this study, the major accomplishment was producing aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNT), which were then modified by platinum (Pt) nanoparticles via a post-synthesis colloidal chemistry approach. The Pt-ACNTs demonstrated improved cathodic catalytic activity, as a result of incorporation of the nanotubes with the additional advantage of decreased Pt loading. It was also determined that surface mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and hardness were increased. Collectively, these enhancements provided an improved FC performance.