Sr掺杂强化LaCo0.5Cu0.5O3型钙钛矿活化过一硫酸盐的性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备A位掺Sr的La_xSr_1-xCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃钙钛矿增强传统B位掺杂钙钛矿活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）的能力。本文选取效果最好的La_0.7Sr_0.3Co_0.5Cu_0.5O₃型钙钛矿为研究对象,以偶氮染料AO7为目标污染物,考察了钙钛矿投加量、PMS浓度、pH和染料废水中常见Cl^-对La_0.7Sr_0.3Co_0.5Cu_0.5O₃/PMS体系降解AO7的影响,并测试了材料的重复利用性和矿化能力。结果表明,La_0.7Sr_0.3Co_0.5Cu_0.5O₃/PMS降解AO7的速度随着材料投加量和PMS浓度的增加而加快,在中性条件下反应速度最快且矿化率良好。该体系主要活性物种之一为·OH,但Sr掺杂后钙钛矿的O空位增多使得¹O₂也参与到降解过程之中。     

Ba 2+和In 3+共掺杂硅酸镧固体电解质的制备及性能

采用高温固相法制备磷灰石型硅酸镧陶瓷La_9.4Ba_0.6Si_6-xIn_xO_27-δ（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4）。采用XRD、SEM和拉曼光谱等测试分析手段表征了La_9.4Ba_0.6Si_6-xIn_xO_27-δ固体电解质掺杂体系的相组成和微观形貌特征;采用交流阻抗谱测试研究了La_9.4Ba_0.6Si_6-xIn_xO_27-δ掺杂体系在不同温度下的电导率变化规律。研究发现,所有La_9.4Ba_0.6Si_6-xIn_xO_27-δ陶瓷试样的结晶度良好且均具有氧基磷灰石结构;仅在La位掺杂Ba ²⁺时,La_9.4Ba_0.6Si₆O_27-δ试样晶粒形貌不规则,In ³⁺掺杂后晶粒呈等轴状均匀生长。各个试样的总电导率与测试温度之间符合Arrhenius关系。In ³⁺最佳掺杂量x为0.2,此时La_9.4Ba_0.6Si_5.8In_0.2O_27-δ陶瓷具有最高的电导率,其电导率（1 073 K）、活化能和指前因子分别为5.08×10 ^-3 S/cm、0.86 eV和2.91×10 ¹¹ S·K/cm。     

Fe掺杂对La0.9Sr0.1Co1-xFexO3催化剂同时净化NO和碳烟活性规律研究

采用柠檬酸-EDTA络合法制备了纳米钙钛矿催化剂La_0.9Sr_0.1Co_1-xFe_xO₃,催化剂具有较好的同时去除NO和碳烟(soot)催化活性,其中La_0.9Sr_0.1Co_0.7Fe_0.3O₃展现出最佳的催化活性,其在380.0℃时NO转化率为32.5%,soot最大燃烧速率温度(T_m)为368.5℃。H₂-程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和NO-程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)结果表明, Fe掺杂能显著提高催化剂低温还原性能、表面氧物种活性及NO吸附性能,这有利于其改善催化活性。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,Fe掺杂能增加催化剂表面吸附氧浓度和高价离子(Co⁴⁺),这对提高催化氧化能力至关重要。采用颗粒物捕集器(DPF)作为载体涂覆CeO₂涂层用于负载La_0.9Sr_0.1Co_0.7Fe_0.3O₃催化剂进行柴油机台架实验,结果表明该催化剂具有较好的同时去除NO_x和soot催化活性,最大NO转化率为23.0%,T_m为341.0℃,表明Fe掺杂对提高催化活性至关重要。     

氨分解制氢棒状LaxCe1-xOy负载Ru催化剂

氨分解得到的H₂不含CO _x 、SO _x 、NO _x 等有害物质,是其他所有含碳资源为原料制氢所不能比拟的。本文采用无模板水热法制备了一系列棒状载体,并采用沉积沉淀法制备了Ru/La _x Ce_1-x O _y 催化剂,考察了制备方法、催化剂组成对性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、BET、H₂-程序升温还原（TPR）和CO₂-程序升温脱附（TPD）进行了表征。结果表明,La₂O₃掺杂量为40%的Ru/La_0.4Ce_0.6O_1.8催化剂在常压、7800h^-1、450℃下氨分解转化率为98%。该催化剂活性高归因于部分还原的CeO_2-x 对Ru的供电子性能和Ru/La_0.4Ce_0.6O_1.8催化剂表面的强碱性增加了对Ru活性位的给电子能力。同时考察了K₂O含量的影响,最优的催化剂为Ru-2%K/La_0.4Ce_0.6O_1.8,在400℃、7800h^-1氨气转化率可以达到93%。结果表明Ru-2%K/La_0.4Ce_0.6O_1.8可以作为一种新型高效氨分解催化剂,为工业化应用提供了可能,具有良好的发展前景。     

Ce1-xNixOy氧载体在化学链甲烷重整耦合CO2还原中的应用

化学链甲烷重整耦合CO₂还原技术既能生产合成气还可以还原CO₂生成CO。采用共沉淀法制备不同Ce/Ni摩尔比的系列Ce_1-xNi_xO_{y（x = 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1）氧载体。通过XRD、BET、XPS及CH4-TPR等表征对氧载体的理化性质进行了研究。系统考察了Ce1-xNixOy氧载体在化学链甲烷重整耦合CO2还原反应中的反应性能。与单一金属氧化物NiO和CeO2相比,Ce1-xNixOy复合氧载体在该反应中具有更高的活性和热稳定性。在甲烷部分氧化阶段,Ce0.2Ni0.8Oy和Ce0.4Ni0.6Oy氧载体具有较高的CH4转化率。经历了20次redox循环实验,Ce0.2Ni0.8Oy氧载体的CO2转化率几乎保持不变,表明Ce0.2Ni0.8Oy氧载体具有较高的热稳定性。}     

铁酸锶镧对CH4化学循环转化中Mn3O4氧化还原性能的作用机制

通过水热合成法制备了MnO₂，以其作为锰源通过热分解得到Mn₃O₄，采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Mn₃O₄/La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO₃，将Mn₃O₄和Mn₃O₄/La_0.8Sr_0.2Fe O₃在900℃下与体积分数3%的CH₄和空气交替接触，模拟化学循环燃烧中的氧化还原过程，研究了Mn₃O₄和Mn₃O₄/La_0.8Sr_0.2Fe O₃的氧化还原性能和长期稳定性。结果表明：温度的升高会提高Mn₃O₄/La_0.8Sr_0.2<...     

富铈Ce1-xLaxO2催化甲烷氧氯化性能

以硝酸铈、硝酸镧为前体,用氨水共沉淀法制备了一系列Ce_1-xLa_xO₂(x≤0.5)催化剂,利用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、Raman、H₂-TPR和OSC对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征,并考察其在甲烷氧氯化反应中的催化性能。结果表明:Ce_1-xLa_xO₂催化剂的氧化还原性质随着镧含量的变化发生显著改变,并且这一性质的变化与反应的转化率及产物分布具有较强的联系。Ce_1-xLa_xO₂表面氧物种的活泼性对催化剂活性影响显著,而体相氧物种容易将生成的甲烷氯化物深度氧化。在Ce_1-xLa_xO₂(x<0.3)催化剂上表面氧物种起主导作用,氯甲烷为主要反应产物,Ce_0.8La_0.2O₂催化剂上氯甲烷选择性最高为52%。在体相氧物种更活泼的Ce_0.7La_0.3O₂和Ce_0.5La_0.5O₂上产物中CO的选择性显著上升,Ce_0.5La_0.5O₂催化剂上CO选择性高达48%。稳定性测试表明Ce_0.8La_0.2O₂催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

1,2-二氯乙烷在CoxTi1-x氧化物上的催化降解性能

随着工业和经济的快速发展,含氯挥发性有机化合物（CVOCs）排放量日益增多,对人体健康以及环境造成严重危害。催化燃烧法是治理CVOCs最有效和经济的方法之一。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了不同Ti掺杂量的Co_xTi_1-x复合氧化物,并对其物理化学性质进行了表征。研究了Co_xTi_1-x催化剂对1,2-二氯乙烷（1,2-DCE）的催化氧化性能。结果表明,当Ti掺杂量低于0.6时,Co_xTi_1-x复合氧化物呈现非晶相结构,形成无定形结构的Co-O-Ti固溶体。Ti元素的掺杂增加了Co_xTi_1-x复合氧化物的表面酸位点及吸附态氧含量。其中,Co_0.8Ti_0.2催化剂具有较大的比表面积、良好的氧化还原性能、丰富的表面吸附态氧及中强酸位点,对1,2-DCE表现出较高的催化氧化能力;在气时空速为20000mL/(g·h)、1,2-DCE浓度为4060mg/m³的条件下,其对1,2-DCE的转化率达90%时所需温度为318℃。此外,在380℃长时间运行时,Co_0.8Ti_0.2也显示出较好的稳定性。     

LaMn1-x-yFexCoyO3-δ钙钛矿载氧体用于化学链部分氧化

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了B位Fe和Co共取代的LaMn_1-x-yFe_xCo_yO_3-δ钙钛矿型复合氧化物,并用于化学链甲烷部分氧化制合成气。X射线衍射（XRD）结果表明Fe和Co均进入了LaMnO₃的晶格形成钙钛矿晶相,活性和稳定性测试表明LaMn_1/3Fe_1/3Co_1/3O_3-δ载氧体具有最佳的化学链甲烷部分氧化性能。CH₄程序升温还原（CH₄-TPR）表征发现LaMn_1/3Fe_1/3Co_1/3O_3-δ具有比LaBO₃（B=Co, Mn, Fe）更高的甲烷活化能力和晶格氧迁移性能。甲烷恒温脉冲反应（CH₄-pulse reaction）进一步证实了B位离子的协同作用可以提高LaBO₃（B=Co, Mn, Fe）的表面反应速率。程序升温氢气还原（H₂-TPR）表明,LaMn_1/3Fe_1/3Co_1/3O_3-δ中晶格氧具有适中的氧化还原能力,适合用于化学链甲烷部分氧化。     

钙钛矿阳极固体氧化物燃料电池在CO–CO2燃料下的性能和稳定性

以原位析出纳米Co–Fe颗粒的La_0.4Sr_0.6Co_0.2Fe_0.7Nb_0.1O_3–δ(LSCFN)钙钛矿为阳极,考察了直接使用CO–CO₂燃料时的阳极结构演变、单电池电化学性能和稳定性。结果表明:在CO燃料中,ABO₃钙钛矿结构LSCFN转变为A₂BO₄层状钙钛矿结构;在CO中引入少量CO₂后,LSCFN则以单钙钛矿结构为主,并有效抑制了碳沉积。单电池在CO燃料下的最大功率密度可达0.6 W/cm²(850℃),并在n(CO):n(CO₂)=5:1(摩尔比)燃料下运行超过100 h。     

An investigation of NO/CO reaction over perovskite-type oxide La0.8Ce0.2B0.4Mn0.6O3 (B = Cu or Ag) catalysts synthesized by reverse microemulsion

The perovskite-type oxides La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ and La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ prepared by reverse microemulsion and sol–gel methods (denoted as R and S, respectively), have been investigated on their catalytic performance for the (NO + CO) reaction, and characterized by means of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD measurements proved the presence of the perovskite phase with a considerable amount of CeO₂ phase and the formation of CeO₂ phase was restrained with the reverse microemulsion method. TEM investigations revealed that the La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-R nanoparticles were uniform spheres in shape with diameters ranging from 40 to 50 nm, whereas an aggregation of particles was found for the La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-S catalyst. The activity of NO reduction with CO decreased in the order of La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-R > La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-S > La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-R > La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃-S. In NO-TPD experiments, the principal desorbed species detected in the effluent was NO with a trace amount of O₂ and N₂O, suggesting that the non-dissociated adsorption of NO on the surface of the perovskite-type oxides was dominant. The XPS results revealed that Ce⁴⁺ and Cu⁺ was the predominant oxidation state for Ce and Cu components in La_0.8Ce_0.2Cu_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ and La_0.8Ce_0.2Ag_0.4Mn_0.6O₃ catalysts. The existence of Cu⁺ ions and its redox reaction (Cu⁺ ↔ Cu²⁺) would benefit the NO adsorption and reduction by CO.     

Catalytic combustion of CO---H2 on Manganese-substituted hexaaluminates

This work is devoted to a preliminary study on the feasibility of catalytic combustion for syngas fuelled gas turbines equipped with Mn-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts. Results of catalytic activity tests on combustion of CO---H₂ over BaMn₁Al₁₁O₁₉ and La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn₁Al₁₁O₁₉ are reported and analyzed by means of a mathematical model of the catalyst section of a hybrid combustor. Experimental activity levels are shown to be close to the operating requirements of the combustor.     

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity for NO–CO reaction of Pd–(La, Sr)2MnO4 system

La_xSr_2−xMnO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) oxides were synthesized and single-phase K₂NiF₄-type oxides were obtained in the range of 0.1 ≤ x < 0.5. The catalytic activity of La_xSr_2−xMnO₄ for NO–CO reaction increased with increasing x in the range of solubility limit of La. La_0.5Sr_1.5MnO₄ showed the highest activity among La_xSr_2−xMnO₄ prepared in this study, but its activity was inferior to perovskite-type La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃. Among the Pd-loaded catalysts, however, Pd/La_0.8Sr_1.2MnO₄ showed the higher activity and the selectivity to N₂ than Pd/La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ and Pd/γ-Al₂O₃. The excellent catalytic performance of Pd/La_0.2Sr_1.2MnO₄ could be ascribable to the formation of SrPd₃O₄ which was detected by XRD in the catalyst but not in the other two catalysts.     

Palladium-substituted lanthanum cuprates: application to automotive exhaust purification

A series of palladium-substituted La₂CuO₄, corresponding to the formula La₂Cu_{1 −x}Pd_xO₄ (x = 0−0.2) were prepared by metal nitrate decomposition in a polyacrylamide gel. This method allows an easy incorporation of palladium in the mixed-oxides, which are formed at moderate temperature with rather high specific areas (13–17 m²/g). The partial substitution of copper for palladium allows a strong improvement of the three-way catalytic activity, in particular for NO reduction. The light-off temperatures for the conversions of CO, NO and C₃H₆ decreased markedly when increasing the palladium content, the activity of catalysts La₂Cu_0.9Pd_0.1O₄ and La₂Cu_0.8Pd_0.2O₄ being comparable to that of a Pt-Rh/CeO₂–Al₂O₃ catalyst for NO reduction, and higher for CO and C₃H₆ oxidation.

All the La₂Cu_{1 − x} Pd_xO₄ catalysts are activated under reacting conditions. This activation corresponds to the destruction of the mixed-oxide structure, with formation of reduced Pd⁰ ions atomically dispersed, surrounded by Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ species on a lanthanum oxycarbonate matrix. This high dispersion state of the two transition metals in various oxidation states is supposed to originate from the initial La₂Cu_{1 −x}Pd_xO₄ structure.