变质处理对复合轧辊用高速钢组织和性能的影响

研究了轧辊用高碳高钡高速钢的微观组织结构及添加不同变质剂处理后对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明；该高速钢的组织为马氏体，奥氏体及MC和M2C型碳化物，添加0.3%的稀土变质时，组织中碳化物分布状况的改善不明显，但可以促进加热过程中网状碳化物的断网和球团化；添加0.1%的镁变质时，组织中共晶碳化物明显减少，碳化物网得到细化；添加1.0%的钛或添加RE-Ti-Mg复合变质剂对碳化物的类型转变影响不大，但可以明显细仳晶粒和共晶碳化物网。添加RE-Ti-Mg复合变质剂处理后组织中的共晶碳化物网基本上得到消除。     

稀土复合变质剂对高碳高速钢性能及组织的影响

通过扫描电镜,能谱分析仪和电子探针研究了稀土复合变质剂对离心铸造的高碳高速钢轧辊组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：稀土复合变质剂能细化高碳高速钢轧辊组织,改善碳化物和夹杂物的形态和分布,变质后高碳高速钢辊环在硬度不变的情况下,冲击韧性提高了73．6％。     

高铬铸钢轧辊外层凝固组织研究

 本文详细研究了高铬铸钢轧辊的铸态组织、成分分布,通过Thermo-Calc(TCW2)软件对高铬铸钢的平衡、非平衡凝固过程相图进行了计算,系统分析了高铬铸钢离心铸造条件下的凝固过程;总结了铸态组织在热处理过程中的变化规律,为改进轧辊的成分设计,控制轧辊铸造组织、优化轧辊的热处理工艺提供了参考数据。     

熔盐电解精炼高碳铁合金制备纯净铁合金工艺优化分析

提供廉价纯净铁合金产品是解决纯净钢生产的关键问题。文章对碳化钒、高碳铬铁及高碳锰铁等高碳铁合金熔盐电解精炼制备纯净铁合金工作进行了系统介绍。为进一步优化电解精炼工艺、降低其生产成本,并依据近几年碳化物熔盐电解精炼制备碳化物衍生碳的研究成果,提出熔盐电解精炼高碳铁合金同时制备纯净铁合金与碳化物衍生碳的优化新工艺。初步分析表明,通过控制凝固过程冷却速度来调整高碳铁合金中碳化物的组织结构,经过电解精炼,可得到比表面积及孔径大小合适的碳化物衍生碳。     

Nb合金化对高Cr铸铁轧辊组织的影响

微合金化是细化高Cr铸铁轧辊的凝固组织、提高轧辊的性能和使用寿命重要手段。研究了Nb微合金化对高Cr铸铁轧辊组织和硬度的影响,并采用Thermo-Calc软件分析了Nb对高Cr铸铁凝固组织的细化机制,结果表明,Nb合金化能够显著细化高Cr铸铁的轧辊的凝固组织,提高轧辊的硬度。Nb微合金化对高Cr铸铁的组织改善作用取决于MC型碳化物析出温度及其对奥氏体和共晶M₇C₃碳化物的形核的促进作用。当Nb质量分数为0.5%时,高Cr铸铁轧辊硬度最大;进一步提高Nb含量能显著细化高Cr铸铁轧辊组织,但使硬度降低。     

M2高速钢铸带组织特征及其后续处理

研究了M2高速钢在不同制备条件下的凝固组织特征以及工业铸带中碳化物在高温热处理、热变形作用下的变化,测量了在不同制备条件下高速钢的凝固速度和共晶碳化物网的厚度,采用透射电镜研究了后续高温热处理、热变形对工业铸带中碳化物相的影响,采用定量金相法分析了制备条件和后续处理工艺对铸带组织的影响.研究结果表明,双辊薄带连铸工艺可以细化高速钢凝固组织的枝晶和共晶碳化物网的厚度,改善碳化物的分布,后续高温热处理和热变形可以进一步优化工业铸带中的碳化物组织.建议在工业铸带的后续处理中同时采用高温热处理和热变形工艺以改善铸带组织.     

高碳高硬度石墨钢轧辊的研制

本文利用金相法、能谱、磨损失重等手段,对高碳高硬度石墨钢轧辊的成分选择、冶炼工艺、球化孕育工艺、显微组织、热处理工艺及性能进行了系统的分析。研究了利用复合球化孕育剂进行变质处理对石墨的形貌、尺寸、分布及体积分数的影响;研究了正火、淬火温度对石墨钢材质的组织和耐磨性的影响。获得硬度为50-65HSD,硬度的均匀性和落差≤2HSD的石墨钢轧辊,满足了用户的需求。     

电渣重熔过程冷却强度对含镁H13钢中碳化物的影响

研究电渣重熔过程冷却强度对含镁H13钢凝固组织和碳化物偏析的影响.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪等分析凝固组织及碳化物的特征.研究发现,钢锭的凝固组织均为马氏体组织、残余奥氏体及一次碳化物.H13钢电渣锭中主要析出的一次碳化物为V₈C₇、MC、M₂₃C₆及M₆C.随着冷却强度增加,电渣锭边部碳化物的尺寸减小且分布更加均匀,但是碳化物的类型不发生变化.电渣重熔过程中冷却强度增加促进钢中镁对夹杂物的变性能力,经过镁变性后生成的MgO·Al₂O₃为TiN的析出提供形核质点,MgO·Al₂O₃和TiN的复合夹杂物能够促进一次碳化物异质形核,从而细化一次碳化物.      

高铬铸铁复合轧辊中铬偏析对其使用性能的影响

研究分析了高铬铸铁复合轧辊中铬偏析形成的原因及其对轧辊使用性能的影响。结果表明,铬偏析影响共晶碳化物的组成与形态,使工作层产生性能不均匀,直至影响轧辊的使用效果。     

高速钢复合轧辊的研究现状及进展

论述了高速钢复合轧辊的制造工艺和材质的研究进展及发展趋势,认为今后对高速钢复合轧辊的研究重点应放在高碳高钒（铌）系高速钢的成分设计、组织控制和优化复合轧辊界面结构上。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure of Modified Cast AISI D3 Cold Work Tool Steel

 High chromium high carbon AISI D3 steel is used as cold-work tools and dies in industry. Microstructure of this wrought steel usually consists of chromium carbides homogenously dispersed in a ferritic or martensitic matrix. On the other hand, a eutectic network consisting of chromium carbide and austenite forms in a cast D3 steel, at the end of solidification due to the segregation of carbon and chromium. This heterogeneous microstructure gives rise to the reduced mechanical properties such as toughness, impact strength, and tensile strength. In this research, modified AISI D3 steel was developed by replacing part of Cr with Nb and Ti, in which chromium carbide was partially replaced with MC carbides. The cast samples produced by investment casting were heat treated at different conditions. The microstructures of the samples were studied by light and scanning electron microscope attached with EDS analyzer. To determine the optimized homogenizing process, the effects of homogenizing treatment on the microstructure and the morphology of carbides were also studied.     

抗氢2.25Cr-1Mo钢热处理工艺与性能研究

本文主要研究了2.25C r-1M o钢正火处理后显微组织和回火过程中碳化物相对钢的强韧性的影响,奥氏体化处理后进行冷却(加速冷却和空冷),得到的显微组织为粒状贝氏体和先共析铁素体。对于2.25C r-1M o厚钢板,显微组织和碳化物相的变化是造成2.25C r-1M o钢强韧性能变化的主要原因。     

Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast High-Speed Steel Rolls

The influence of rare earth （RE） elements on the solidification process and eutectic transformation and mechanical properties of the high-V type cast, high-speed steel roll was studied. Test materials with different RE additions were prepared on a horizontal centrifugal casting machine. The solidification process, eutectic structure transformation, carbide morphology, and the elements present, were all investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry （SEM-EDS）. The energy produced by crack initiation and crack extension was analyzed using a digital impact test machine. It was found that rare earth elements increased the tensile strength of the steel by inducing crystallization of earlier eutectic γ-Fe during the solidification process, which in turn increased the solidification temperature and thinned the dendritic grains. Rare earth elements with large atomic radius changed the lattice parameters of the MC carbide by forming rare earth carbides. This had the effect of dispersing longpole M C carbides to provide carbide grains, thereby, reducing the formation of the gross carbide and making more V available, to increase the secondary hardening process and improve the hardness level. The presence of rare earth elements in the steel raised the impact toughness by changing the mechanism of MC carbide formation, thereby increasing the crack initiation energy.     

Effect of Titanium Addition on As Cast Structure and Macrosegregation of High‐Carbon High‐Chromium Steel

In casting heavy ingots of high‐chromium high‐carbon cold work steels, macrosegregation develops in the center of the ingot, causing difficulties during subsequent hot working. Heat transfer and solidification of an industrial scale high‐carbon high‐chromium steel ingot was simulated and thereafter a laboratory scale representative ingot was designed to model the solidification of the industrial scale ingot. Titanium in the range of 0.3–1% was added to the high‐chromium high‐carbon (12%Cr–2%C) steel during melting process. Microstructures, macrosegregation and phase formations were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, wave dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Addition of 0.3% titanium was sufficient to diminish the macrosegregation; however it did not have a significant effect on the grain size. Addition of 0.7 and 1% titanium had a substantial effect on grain size in the longitudinal direction and refined the primary carbides structure. The formation of small TiC carbides that precipitated before solidification of liquid iron acted as nuclei for primary pro‐eutectic austenite grains.     

GCr15轴承钢大方坯凝固过程微观偏析模型及应用研究

建立了考虑δ/γ相变的GCr15轴承钢大方坯连铸凝固两相区溶质微观偏析模型,并应用于220 mm ×260 mm铸坯的凝固传热。结果表明:通过模型可以获得高碳钢精确的固液相线温度,以及温度与固相率的关系;GCr15轴承钢大方坯凝固过程仅析出γ相,凝固末期S、P和C元素的偏析严重;固相率越大,冷却速率对偏析度的影响更明显;S和P元素含量以及冷却速率对零塑性温度（ZDT）影响较大;采用基于凝固传热模型优化的连铸工艺后,铸坯中心碳偏析指数控制在0.961.05,且铸坯未产生内裂纹。     

Comparison of the Activation Energies of the Formation of Chromium Carbide Coating on Carburized and Uncarburized AISI 1020 Steel

Chromium carbide coatings deposited by the salt bath method have a lot of technologically interesting characteristics. This method produces hard, wear–resistant, oxidation and corrosion–resistant coating layers on steel substrates. In the present study, the kinetics of chromium carbide formation on carburized and uncarburized AISI 1020 steel substrates has been compared. The presence of the Cr₇C₃ phase on the surface of steel substrates was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Cross–sectional observation of optical and SEM images showed that chromium carbide layers formed on the steel substrates were rather compact and smooth. The kinetics of chromium carbide coating by salt bath immersion indicated a parabolic relationship between carbide layer thickness and treatment time. The activation energy of the formation of carbide on the surface of carburized and uncarburized steel was calculated to be 87.9 and 225.6 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, an attempt was made to present contour diagrams for predicting the thickness of the chromium carbide layer. In addition, the possibility of establishing and using some mathematical relationships between process parameters and chromium carbide layer thickness was investigated.     

Microstructual Evolution of a Nb‐Microalloyed Advanced High Strength Steel Treated by Quenching‐Partitioning‐Tempering Process

The recently developed “quenching and partitioning” heat treatment and “quenching‐partitioning‐tempering” heat treatment are novel processing technologies, which are designed for achieving advanced high strength steels (AHSS) with combination of high strength and adequate ductility. Containing adequate amount of austenite phase is an important characteristic of the above steel, and the partitioning treatment is a key step in Q&P or Q‐P‐T process during which the austenite phase is enriched with carbon and achieves thermal stability. However, the microstructural evolution of the steel during the partitioning process is rather complicated. In present study, evolution of complex microstructure in a low carbon steel containing Nb during the Q‐P‐T process has been studied in detail. The microstructural evolution of the steel was investigated in terms of X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The experimental results show that the Nb‐microalloyed steel demonstrates a complex multiphase microstructure which consists of lath martensite with high dislocation density, retained austenite, alloy carbide, transition carbide, and a few twin martensite after the Q‐P‐T process. The experimental results can be helpful for the design of Q‐P‐T heat treatment and for the control of mechanical properties of Q‐P‐T steel.     

连铸结晶器内钢液凝固行为的计算机仿真

用计算机仿真的方法研究结晶器内钢液流动与传热，从而了解钢液的凝固行为。同时利用有效热容的概念来处理相变潜热源项，在程序编制过程中利用动态更新来实现凝固对物理量的影响。模型求解得到的凝固壳厚度与漏钢测试结果吻合，说明所采用的方法正确、实用。研究了拉速、水口插入深度、水口角度等因素对凝固壳厚度分析的影响。