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加氢反应是有机合成中很常见的一种反应类型,采用常规的间歇加氢釜具有反应效率低、操作烦琐和安全性差等问题。而连续加氢微反应器进行非均相催化加氢反应能提供更高的传质性能,催化剂的回收利用与产物的纯化也更为方便,能极大地提高生产效率,减少贵金属催化剂的损失。因为这些优点,连续微反应加氢技术得到了越来越多的关注。本文阐述了连续微反应加氢技术中常用的微反应器与固体金属催化剂类型,以及不同官能团非均相高效催化加氢的研究进展,在此基础,对该技术在精细化工领域的应用进行了展望。连续微反应加氢技术使得加氢过程可以在更安全、更高效、更环保的条件下完成,具有很高的工业应用价值,是未来化学化工领域重点发展的方向之一。 相似文献
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加氢反应是有机合成中很常见的一种反应类型,采用常规的间歇加氢釜具有反应效率低、操作烦琐和安全性差等问题。而连续加氢微反应器进行非均相催化加氢反应能提供更高的传质性能,催化剂的回收利用与产物的纯化也更为方便,能极大地提高生产效率,减少贵金属催化剂的损失。因为这些优点,连续微反应加氢技术得到了越来越多的关注。本文阐述了连续微反应加氢技术中常用的微反应器与固体金属催化剂类型,以及不同官能团非均相高效催化加氢的研究进展,在此基础,对该技术在精细化工领域的应用进行了展望。连续微反应加氢技术使得加氢过程可以在更安全、更高效、更环保的条件下完成,具有很高的工业应用价值,是未来化学化工领域重点发展的方向之一。 相似文献
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精制白油一般可用磺化法和催化加氢法两种。催化加氢工艺要有氢源,一般白油生产厂无力实现工业化。磺化法分为液相磺化和气相SO_3磺化两类,前者原料损耗大,三废严重,酸渣多,其量约为原料油的一半,而后者以SO_3为磺化剂,进行气液相反应,使其中不饱和烃和芳烃物质迅速地被SO_3磺化,副反应少,产品收率高,不但能制取高质量的白油,而且中和酸油可获得高得率的磺酸盐。为此,本研究对气相SO_3连续磺化过程进行试验,探讨其反应技术,确定适合本工艺的反应器型式,以图提出连续磺化的适宜工艺操作条件,为工业放大提供技术依据。气相磺化反应过程是属于传质控制的快速反应,磺化速率取决于气液两相的接触程度。我们先采用具有高效传质强度的静态混合器作为磺化反应器。试验结果表明,静态混合器能 相似文献
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根据反应物苯酚在室温下微溶于水,但是在反应温度下能与水互溶,而产物环己酮或环己醇微溶于水的特点,提出利用绿色溶剂水代替挥发性有机物,实现在水溶剂条件下的苯酚催化加氢反应。在反应过程中,反应速率不受传质限制,而且反应结束后可以通过简单的相分离技术实现产物与水的分离,分离得到的水可以循环使用,过程无废液排放,环境友好。更重要的是,由于催化剂在水相和在有机溶剂相中对反应物和产物具有不同的吸脱附性能,如Raney Ni催化剂在水相中比在醇类等有机溶剂相中具有更强的氢气吸附能力,这为提高催化加氢反应的活性和改变目标产物的选择性提供了一种有效的途径。 相似文献
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臭氧氧化具有氧化能力强、反应速率快、对环境友好等特点,在水处理工艺中受到广泛关注。但臭氧在水处理中的应用存在利用率低、能源和运营成本高等问题。根据反应器的复杂程度以及规模扩大化应用,水动力传质技术是提高气液传质和臭氧氧化效率的重要手段,这已成为臭氧强化传质发展的趋势。文中阐述了传统反应器和微气泡反应器面临的问题,介绍了基于填料式反应器、振荡流反应器、气-液膜接触器、水动力空化等多种水动力传质技术在臭氧氧化水处理工艺的研究进展,并讨论了水动力传质技术在臭氧氧化工艺未来的发展方向以及待解决的问题。 相似文献
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S. McGovern G. Harish C.S. Pai W. Mansfield J.A. Taylor S. Pau R.S. Besser 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2009,84(3):382-390
BACKGROUND: Multiphase hydrogenation plays a critical role in the pharmaceutical industry. A significant portion of the reaction steps in a typical fine chemical synthesis are catalytic hydrogenations, generally limited by resistances to mass and heat transport. To this end, the small‐scale and large surface‐to‐volume ratios of microreactor technology would greatly benefit chemical processing in the pharmaceutical and other industries. A silicon microreactor has been developed to investigate mass transfer in a catalytic hydrogenation reaction. The reactor design is such that solid catalyst is suspended in the reaction channel by an arrangement of catalyst traps. The design supports the use of commercial catalyst and allows control of pressure drop across the bed by engineering the packing density. RESULTS: This paper discusses the design and operation of the reactor in the context of the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of o‐nitroanisole to o‐anisidine. A two‐phase ‘flow map’ is generated across a range of conditions depicting three flow regimes, termed gas‐dominated, liquid‐dominated, and transitional, all with distinctly different mass transfer behavior. Conversion is measured across the flow map and then reconciled against the mass transfer characteristics of the prevailing flow regime. The highest conversion is achieved in the transitional flow regime, where competition between phases induces the most favorable gas–liquid mass transfer. CONCLUSION: The results are used to associate a mass transfer coefficient with each flow regime to quantify differences in performance. This reactor architecture may be useful for catalyst evaluation through rapid screening, or in large numbers as an alternative to macro‐scale production reactors. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Dynamic behavior of continuous processes was numerically investigated for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber, based on developed models, which took into account the coupling between kinetics and mass transfer. The evolution of hydrogenation reaction trajectories in both cases were analyzed. It is proposed that the coupling behavior between the catalytic hydrogenation and mass transfer was completely determined by the ability of the catalyst in activating hydrogen, carbon‐carbon double bond loading level and the relative capacity of reaction to mass transfer as well as the residence time in the reactor. Four dimensionless parameters were derived to characterize these aspects. The effects of operation conditions on the hydrogenation processes were investigated. The application of the ideal flow models to non‐ideal flows was in addition discussed. It is suggested that the optimal reactor for such a hydrogenation system would be a plug flow reactor with an instantaneous well‐mixing component in the inlet of it, and a reasonable approach to the proposed optimal reactor should be with the flow behavior of at least three continuous stirred tank reactors in series. Further research directions are suggested. 相似文献
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目前,液化的生物油与石油粗油成分接近,通常环类化合物含量高,如煤焦油中酚及其衍生物含量占40%以上,急需加氢升级技术。超临界乙醇(243.1℃,6.38MPa)温度、压力条件低,具有良好的传质性能,且为绿色、可再生溶剂。在超临界乙醇体系下的催化加氢是一种油升级有效方式。本文以苯酚为生物油中环类化合物典型模型,在300~400℃、Pt/C催化剂下,探讨超临界乙醇体系下苯酚催化加氢过程。研究分析了超临界乙醇中温度、氢气压力和反应时间对苯酚催化加氢降解规律的影响,并建立了能很好地描述过程中苯酚转化率的动力学模型(R2 = 0.989)。实验表明:该体系下的苯酚催化加氢降解反应的级数为二级,反应的活化能为51.7kJ/mol;尽管升高温度和氢气压力均能提高苯酚的转化率,但温度对转化率的影响更为显著。本研究将为更好地控制反应过程和提高超临界乙醇体系中苯酚的转化率提供参考。 相似文献
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加氢技术是生产清洁油品、提高产品品质所不可或缺的主要手段,是炼油化工一体化的核心。虽然几十年的发展获得了长足的进步,但存在投资和操作成本高、能耗高等问题,不符合石油化工企业实现可持续发展要求。本文简述了我国在低投资、低能耗加氢技术方面的进步,分别介绍了强化催化反应过程的加氢裂化催化剂级配技术,强化反应条件的催化柴油加氢转化技术,强化传热过程的低能耗、低投资SHEER技术以及强化传质过程的液相循环加氢技术。提出未来加氢技术作为炼化一体化的枢纽,将扮演越来越重要的角色,其通过耦合完善的过程强化技术将实现协同螺旋式升级,升级后的加氢技术的复杂体系反应行为更接近本征反应状态,加氢技术将实现高度的原子经济性,更符合未来人类社会绿色发展的需求。 相似文献
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微波促进有机合成与研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
微波辐射技术可用于多种有机反应,如氧化反应、缩合反应、还原反应、酯化反应、烃烷基化反应、烯烃加成反应、羰基加成-消除反应、重排反应、环化和开环反应、Diels-Alder成环反应、取代反应、脱保护基反应、酰基化反应、芳基化反应、自由基反应、Tipson Cohen反应、产生二氯卡宾反应、脱羧反应、磺化反应、催化氢化反应、Bischler Napieralski反应、Fries重排反应、偶合反应、Mannich反应及金属有机化合物的合成反应等。 相似文献
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A novel combination of catalyst carrier and reactor design was developed for intensified production of vitamin intermediates. The so called Design Porous Structured Reactor (DPSR) is a laser sintered porous 3D-structure that can be tailored to the desired reaction properties such as fluid conditions or heat removal and can also act simultaneously as catalyst support.The selective hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY) to 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBE) under solvent-free conditions was chosen as the reaction to evaluate the potential of DPSRs in comparison to conventional batch reactors. DPSR experiments were performed at varying temperatures and liquid flow rates.DPSRs exceeded batch performance in terms of selectivity, yield and turnover frequency in the analyzed process parameter range. However, DPSRs showed some mass transfer effects. Selectivities and yields increased with higher liquid flow rate due to reduced system pressures and sharper residence time distributions.Overall mass transfer coefficients for DPSRs were determined based on an isothermal non-ideal plug flow model applying heterogeneous Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics to account for the chemical conversion. The model showed sufficient accuracy to describe the occurring mass transfer processes.DPSRs were found to be viable alternative for batch reactors, demonstrating the potential for process intensification with an inherent potential for further improvement. 相似文献