硝酸尾气碱吸收过程的机理模型——(2)吸收速率方程式

依据碱吸收硝酸尾气过程的两条简化假设,推导出本课题的吸收速率方程式－ｄ［ＮＯｘ］ｄｔ＝Ｋ１［ＮＯｘ］２α（２－αａ）。利用该式对上海化工研究院的试验结果作出了定性的解释,并可进一步作出定量的计算。     

硝酸尾气碱吸收过程的机理模型——(1)过程的两条简化假设

在分析和研究了有关模型的基础上,依据试验结果,对硝酸尾气的碱吸收过程作出两条合理的简化假设：（１）平推流假设;（２）反应动力学假设。为进一步数学模拟作条件准备。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛纳米粉体及掺杂对二氧化钛光吸收的影响

二氧化钛是一种廉价的半导体材料,具有较好的光催化性能,在环境治理、抗菌杀菌以及太阳能电池方面具有重要作用。本文以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛粉体,并且探讨了煅烧温度对二氧化钛粉体粒径、晶型的影响。通过粒度分析、XRD分析、扫描电镜分析研究了二氧化钛粒径随煅烧温度的变化规律。同时探讨了掺杂过渡金属离子V5+和稀土金属离子Ce3+对TiO2材料光吸收效率的影响。     

硼钒酸盐和二乙撑三胺复合活化改性热钾碱脱碳溶液

采用硼钒酸盐及二乙撑三胺（ＤＥＴＡ）复合活化方法对钾碱液进行改性，以图用无机活化剂部分替代有机胺，减少ＤＥＴＡ加入量，从而降低氧化降解。并研究了改性后的活化钾碱液吸收二氧化碳的平衡关系及动力学关系，为工业填料吸收塔设计提供了基础数据。     

钙基吸收剂脱除HCl的研究进展

对钙基吸收剂脱除HCl技术的国内外研究进展进行了综述,介绍了不同类型钙基吸收剂的脱氯特性和提高钙基吸收剂脱除HCl性能的各种方法,讨论了Ca/Cl摩尔比、反应温度、粒径、反应气氛等因素对吸收剂脱氯性能的影响规律。提出重点应加强钙基吸收剂脱氯反应机理研究,解决脱氯效率较低等关键问题。并论述了生物质气化重整制氢与钙基吸收剂捕集CO2耦合技术中HCl脱除的必要性,提出HCl对钙基吸收剂循环捕集CO2性能可能存在影响。指出需研究HCl和CO2与钙基吸收剂的竞争反应规律和相互作用机理并提出协同调控方法,这对于生物质气化重整制氢技术协同捕集CO2和HCl意义重大。     

氧化脱硫醇尾气净化技术的工业应用

青岛石化氧化脱硫醇尾气由直接进硫磺焚烧炉燃烧处理,改造为先采用"柴油低温临界吸收-碱液脱硫"技术处理后再进焚烧炉燃烧。"柴油低温临界吸收-碱液脱硫"技术对尾气中油气的回收率高达98%,对硫化氢和有机硫化物的去除率达99%以上。净化气进一步在焚烧炉中深度净化,排放烟气中烃的排放浓度可小于50 mg/m3。同时,尾气处理工艺经过改造后,硫磺焚烧炉排放烟气中SO2排放量和排放浓度也大大降低,为进一步降低硫磺焚烧炉排放烟气中SO2排放浓度奠定了基础。     

Radiation absorption and rate constants for carbaryl photocatalytic degradation in a solar collector

We discuss an analytical model for the evaluation of radiation absorption in a tubular photocatalytic reactor. The model has no adjustable parameters and takes into account scattering in all directions. We compare the results of this model with those of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and of a Lambert–Beer (LB) approximation, for a reactor illuminated by a parabolic solar concentrator. A good correspondence is found with the MC simulations. In particular, the model displays the correct saturation behavior of absorption for large catalyst particle concentrations, which is not obtained with the LB approximation. We have carried out experiments for the degradation of carbaryl in a solar parabolic collector (PC). The model is used to calculate the rate constant for this degradation from the experimental data. The theoretical model predictions reproduce well, the trends observed in the experiments.     

Simultaneous Absorption of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide into di-isopropanolamine Solution

The simultaneous absorption of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide into di-isopropanolamine (DIPA) solution was investigated in a 183 cm long, 2.72 cm OD wetted-wall column at atmospheric pressure. The influence of liquid flow rate, gas flow rate, temperature and liquid concentration on the absorption rate, overall gas-phase mass transfer coefficient and selectivity factor were studied at a constant gas feed ratio. The results show that the absorption rate of CO₂ increases rapidly with increasing liquid flow rate (the Reynolds number of the turbulent liquid film ranges from 2600 to 4350) but increases moderately with increasing gas flow rate (G = 18-91 L/min), indicating that it is liquid-phase mass transfer controlled. In contrast, the absorption rate of H₂S increases very slowly with increasing liquid flow rate but increases rapidly with increasing gas flow rate, indicating that it is gas-phase mass transfer controlled. The absorption rate of CO₂ also increases with increasing temperature (26-80°C) but H₂S absorption rate decreases with increasing temperature. When the concentration of DIPA solution increases from 0.2 to 2.6 mol/L, the absorption rate of both CO₂ and H₂S increases but with a larger rate of increase for CO₂ For selective H₂S removal, it is preferable to operate at low liquid and high gas flow rates, low temperatures and low DIPA concentrations.     

我厂水泥窑烟气SO2排放的控制措施

结合我厂5000 t/d水泥熟料生产线的生产实例,通过调整配料方案和加强中控室操作使脱硫系统停用,降低氨水用量,降低电耗,降低生产成本,减缓窑尾大布袋收尘器和窑尾烟囱的腐蚀程度等措施,我公司窑尾烟气排放SO2控制在30 mg/m3以下.     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜组件分离烟气中的CO2

膜吸收法在大型工业燃煤电厂二氧化碳（CO2）捕集方面具有很好的应用前景,但烟气组分对该技术效果影响还有待进一步研究。本文以单乙醇胺（MEA）为吸收剂,开展了疏水性聚丙烯（PP）中空纤维膜组件分离模拟烟气中的CO2的实验研究,考察了吸收操作条件以及燃煤烟气中水汽和SO2对膜组件吸收效率的影响。结果表明,试验的最佳液气比为24 L/m3;MEA的浓度为0.6 mol/L;膜组件进口的温度变化对吸收效率基本没有影响;CO2的浓度在10%～20%内变动对吸收效率影响不大。与CO2相比,SO2会优先发生吸收作用,而水汽则会吸附在聚丙烯中空纤维膜组件的孔壁上,产生毛细管凝聚现象,阻塞CO2的渗透吸收。     

膜吸收法烟气脱碳研究进展

介绍了采用膜吸收法进行烟气脱碳过程中膜材料的种类、吸收液的选择以及膜吸收的耦合对脱碳的影响。综述了工艺流程、工艺参数及传质模型对膜吸收过程的影响,指出了膜吸收法烟气脱碳工程应用的经济性及发展方向。     

Use of spray dry absorption product in wet flue gas desulphurisation plants: pilot-scale experiments

An experimental investigation of the effects on plant performance of converting spray dry absorption product (SDAP) to gypsum in a wet flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) pilot plant, based on the falling film principle, has been conducted. At concentrations up to 300 g SDAP/l (feed tank basis), no scaling or plugging of pipes was observed. The SO₂ removal efficiency increased from 69 to 76.5% when increasing the concentration of SDAP in the feed tank from 0 to 300 g/l. At the same time, the average limestone slurry feed rate decreased from 1.62 to 0.53 l/h as a consequence of the residual content of Ca(OH)₂ and CaCO₃ in the SDAP.The compounds, CaCl₂·2H₂O, NaF, CaF₂ and Al(OH)₃ were added, in various concentrations, to the feed tank to investigate the effects of Cl⁻, F⁻, and Al³⁺ on the limestone reactivity. The degree of desulphurisation (in the presence of 200 g SDAP/l) increased from 75 to 78% with an increase of Cl⁻ concentration from 0 to 30 g/l and simultaneously the residual limestone content of the gypsum increased from 2.8 to 15.8 wt%. The effects on SO₂ removal efficiency of adding F⁻ and Al³⁺ to the system were within the experimental uncertainty. However, the residual limestone content of the gypsum increased from 11.7 to 19.9 wt% with an increase of F⁻ concentration from 0 to 800 mg/l, and from 19.9 to 24.2 wt% with an increase of Al³⁺ concentration from 0 to 378 mg/l. The investigation has shown that SDAP can be used as a sorbent in wet FGD plants and the sulphite converted to gypsum, but the observed increase in the residual limestone level of the gypsum may give some problems in utilization of the product.     

氯水真空脱氯回用技术

介绍了氯碱工业中回收氯水的目的及方法。氯水喷射真空脱氯工艺是利用真空条件下氯气在水中的溶解度降低的原理,达到脱出大部分游离氯的目的。     

碳酸钾一乙醇胺复合溶液吸收烟气中C02的实验研究

分别以不同浓度的碳酸钾溶液及不同配比的碳酸钾一乙醇胺复合溶液作为吸收剂,以吸收速率和吸收量为指标,研究了吸收剂对烟气中C02的吸收效果。结果表明,纯碳酸钾溶液吸收效果不佳,而掺入乙醇胺后的吸收效果显著改善,部分复合溶液的吸收效果甚至好于同浓度纯碳酸钾溶液与纯乙醇胺溶液的吸收效果之和,碳酸钾与乙醇胺在吸收过程中存在正交互作用。确定0．6mol·L-1碳酸钾-O．4mol·L-1乙醇胺复合溶液为最佳的吸收弃1,其饱和吸收量最大（O．185m01）、再生温度最低（105℃）、再生率最高（98．8％）。     

Development of MgO:TiO2 thin films for gas sensor applications

In this study, structural, morphological and optical properties, and gas sensor performance of magnesium oxide (MgO) doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films were investigated in detail. Gas sensor metallic patterns were fabricated on Si substrate using traditional photolithographic technique. MgO doped TiO₂ thin films were deposited on formed Pt electrode surface by confocal sputtering (co-sputtering) system as the active layer. Thin film characterizations were realized by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV–Vis Spectrometer (UV–Vis). Gas sensing measurements were performed by gas sensing test system against methane gas at working temperature of 300?°C. To evaluate deposition and thermal annealing effects on the sensing performance, sensors were tested under gas. The sensitivity and response/recovery time of gas sensors were measured in 1000?ppm. MgO doped TiO₂ based sensor at substrate temperature of 100?°C has high sensitivity and short response/recovery time.     

活性炭烟气脱硫中影响脱硫效率因素的实验研究

对活性炭法烟气脱硫进行了实验研究,探讨了活性炭的干燥程度、空塔速度、床层高度等因素对活性炭吸附二氧化硫效果的影响。结果显示,上述因素对活性炭脱硫效果影响显著。经干燥箱120℃高温均匀干燥0.5 h后,脱硫效果远远优于静置和吹扫;空塔速度为0.15 m/s时,脱硫效率较为理想;随着床层高度的增大,活性炭的脱硫效率明显提高。     

采用湿式螺杆压缩机回收焦化放空瓦斯

本文全面介绍了采用湿式螺杆压缩机回收焦化放空瓦斯的新工艺。该回收工艺取代了通常采用的大型气柜外加往复式压缩机回收放空瓦斯工艺。经生产实践证明:该回收装置安全可靠,运转平稳,自动化水平较高,完全满足生产要求,可广泛应用在炼油厂回收放空瓦斯上。     

伊拉克鲁迈拉油田火炬消烟工艺设计

针对伊拉克鲁迈拉油田Shamiyah站火炬消烟项目情况进行设计分析。通过现场调研,整理收集了大量关于油田的相关资料,包括自然条件以及现有设备的基础数据,以此作为依据,通过采取改善原有分离器的气液分离效果以及新建火炬等措施大量减轻这个站的黑烟,以达到改善周边环境的目的。     

烟气中CO2化学吸收法脱除技术分析与进展

介绍了烟气中CO2化学吸收法脱除技术,分析了其存在的技术难点,并对该技术的研究进展进行了论述;最后提出了化学吸收法脱除技术研究中两种值得关注的研究方向。