锂电池有机-无机复合固态电解质研究进展

有机-无机复合固态电解质是锂离子电池材料的研究热点,由于其兼有聚合物与无机电解质的优点而有望成为下一代全固态锂离子电池的重要组成部分.在这篇综述中,以不同种类的无机填料为依据,总结了常见的复合电解质研究形式,对其最新进展进行了综述.从工作的新颖性、性能提升和实用性等方面考察,对最新研究的不同种类无机填料对复合电解质性能...     

锂离子电池中有机-无机复合固态电解质的研究进展

在新一代储能领域中,相比于传统的有机液态电池,全固态电池具有安全性高、能量密度高和循环寿命长等优势,对其电解质的研究更是关注的重点.有机-无机复合固态电解质结合了无机固态电解质高强度、高稳定性、高离子电导率与聚合物固态电解质的质软、易加工的优势,是目前最有潜力的电解质体系.对锂离子固态电解质的基础进行了简介,并着重对有...     

有机无机复合固态电解质的制备及电性能研究

本文以聚环氧乙烯(PEO)为基体,添加无机固态电解质颗粒(LA),通过超声分散法制备出电化学性能优异且具有自支撑柔性的有机无机复合固态电解质膜,并组装扣式电池测试电性能,包括离子电导率、电化学窗口、锂离子迁移数及界面阻抗,得出LA对电解质膜电性能的影响.     

基于复合型固态电解质无机相填料材料的研究进展

在包含锂盐和聚合物的固态聚合物电解质体系中,无机纳米材料通常用作填充材料,以改善电解质的电化学性能和结构稳定性.然而,这种复合型固态电解质通常具有低室温离子电导率.因此,无机材料的种类和几何形状的优化是进一步提高复合电解质导电性的关键.本文对现有的无机填料种类及其衍生物进行简单介绍,分析了在复合型固态电解质中离子传导原...     

有机-无机纳米复合功能材料的研制

将经过表面化学修饰的纳米粒子引入聚合胶体，制备了一系列具有特殊功能的有机-无机纳米复合薄膜材料. 聚合胶体通过控制硅氧烷前驱物的水解-聚合过程制备，纳米粒子包括ZrO2, SiC, AlOOH和ZnO等. 纳米粒子经过溶胶-凝胶过程对其进行表面改性，以改善其分散性能、优化界面结合或防止体系中有机组份的老化. 纳米粒子的作用主要是赋予传统的有机-无机杂化材料“第三功能”，如耐擦伤、耐腐蚀、抗紫外线等性能.     

无机纳米颗粒在锂离子电池复合电解质中的应用

制备具有高孔隙率、高热稳定性、高离子传导性以及优异机械性能和高储存模量的电解质是当今锂离子电池研究领域的热点问题,但是使用单一聚合物基质基本无法满足这些特性,向单一聚合物电解质中添加无机纳米粒子,制备复合电解质是一种简便的、有效的途径制备综合性能优异的电解质体系。无机纳米粒子不仅能够改善聚合物电解质的物理特性,而且还能够抑制锂枝晶的生长,提升电池的循环性能。本文详细讨论了无机纳米颗粒在锂离子电池电解质改性中的应用,包括无机纳米颗粒的填充、涂覆、原位生成以及填充非织造电解质等;为进一步研究和开发具有机械稳定性、化学惰性和优异电化学性能的新型复合电解质体系提供了新的思路和方向。     

固态纳米复合聚合物电解质的离子导电性能研究

以PEO为基质,复配少量纳米无机填料及低分子乙氧化物,制备出了新型的固态纳米复合聚合物电解质膜,利用交流阻抗法测试了聚合物电解质的离子电导率,对离子导电性能进行了研究。采用CPE元件的模拟电路具有很好的适用性。结果表明当低分子乙氧化物的加入量超过80％时电解质膜的电导率大幅提高,并且PEGDME优于PEG300。电导率在LiPF6加量在O：Li为8：1时达到最大,随着LiClO4加量的增加持续增加,随无机盐加量增加电解质膜的成膜性能变差。用多微孔高比表面的纳米SiO2粒子复合有利于改善聚合物的电导率。聚合物电解质离子电导率对温度的依赖关系符合Arrhenius方程。     

共价有机框架型固态电解质研究进展

共价有机框架材料（COFs）因其结构单元多样性、拓扑结构、有序孔道结构等特点在气体吸附、催化、光电等领域得到广泛的应用。近些年来,基于COFs材料的有序孔道和易于功能化修饰的特性,COFs材料在固态电解质领域展现出巨大的潜力。本文主要总结了近十年来COFs型固态电解质的研究进展,包括聚合物链段-COFs型、离子基团-COFs型固态电解质的应用和锂离子传导性能。对COFs型固态电解质设计思路及未来发展方向进行总结与展望,以期为固态电解质材料的发展提供新思路。     

镁电池用无机固态电解质研究进展

人们对开发新一代电池系统越来越感兴趣,这种新电池系统要比锂电池有更高的能量密度.镁电池因其高电极电位、优越的安全性和丰富的镁金属储量而成为最终取代锂离子电池的最可行的选择.但是,由于电解质的发展受阻,迄今为止,镁离子电池还没有普及.缺乏合适的电解质材料.Mg2+电导率上有一定的挑战性.镁电池无机固态电解质的发展决定着镁...     

有机-无机复合改性绢云母的研究

针对绢云母难以在有机涂料中润湿和分散的缺点,用γ-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-550)与铬酸盐对片状绢云母进行了复合改性,并进一步考察了改性绢云母对环氧涂料防腐性能的影响.扫描电镜(SEM)表明:KH-550和铬酸盐对绢云母进行复合改性后,绢云母在涂料中颗粒弥撒分布更加均匀,排布致密,与表面的结合更为密切.同...     

锂离子电池用固态电解质的研究现状与展望

目前商业化的锂离子电池多使用有机液态电解质,存在易燃易爆、易泄露等安全风险,而采用固态电解质替代有机液态电解质可以有效提高电池安全性。锂离子电池用固态电解质又可分为无机固态电解质和有机——即聚合物固态电解质。无机固态电解质对高温或其他腐蚀性环境适应性好,适用于在极端工作环境中刚性电池等领域;聚合物固态电解质在柔韧性和可加工性上则优势明显,适用于柔性电池等领域,但这些材料均尚有问题待解决。无机-有机复合的方式,有望综合两种材料的优势,取长补短,提高固态电解质的综合性能和实用价值。     

Development of LSM/YSZ composite cathode for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells

This paper presents the effect of (La,Sr)MnO₃ (LSM) stoichiometry on the polarization behaviour of LSM/Y₂O₃-ZrO₂ (YSZ) composite cathodes. The composite cathode made of A-site deficient (La_0.85Sr_0.15)_0.9MnO₃ (LSM-B) showed much lower electrode interfacial resistance and overpotential losses than that made of stoichiometric (La_0.85Sr_0.15)_1.0MnO₃ (LSM-A). The much poorer performance of the latter is believed to be due to the formation of resistive substances such as La₂Zr₂O₇/SrZrO₃ between LSM and YSZ phases in the composite electrode. A slight A-site deficiency (∼0.1) was effective in inhibiting the formation of these resistive substances. A power density of ∼1 W cm⁻² at 800 °C was achieved with an anode-supported cell using an LSM-B/YSZ composite cathode. In addition, the effects of cathodic current treatment and electrolyte surface grinding on the performance of composite cathodes were also studied.     

Electro-organic synthesis without supporting electrolyte: Possibilities of solid polymer electrolyte technology

The application of ion exchange membranes as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) in fuel cells is state-of-the-art. This technology needs no supporting electrolyte; consequently it can be applied for electro-organic syntheses in order to save process steps. In this case the process is not predetermined to a maximized energy efficiency so that the selection of the cell design, of the electrode materials and of the operating conditions can be focused on a high selectivity of the electrode reactions. The electro-osmotic stream, which is caused by the solvation shells of the ions during their migration through the membrane, and hence is a typical property of SPE technology, has a significant effect on the electrode reactions. It generates enhanced mass transfer at the electrodes, which is beneficial for reaction selectivity. It can be influenced by the choice of, and possibly by the preparation of, the membrane. An additional remarkable advantage of SPE technology is the exceptional long durability of oxide coated electrodes. By combination of several process engineering methods stable operation of SPE cells has been realized, even for examples of non-aqueous reaction systems. Experiments up to 6000 h duration and in cells of up to 250 cm² membrane area show the potential for industrial application.     

Plastic-polymer composite electrolytes for solid state dye-sensitized solar cells

Three types of alkyl-substituted poly(N-alkyl-1-vinyl-imidazolium) iodides were synthesized and plasticized using succinonitrile as a solid plasticizer to develop a series of novel solvent-free plastic-polymer composite electrolytes. All these electrolytes appeared as a soft solid at room temperature and became sticky gel state at high temperature of 100 °C. Among the as-prepared plastic-polymer electrolytes, the SCN-PMVII (succinonitrile-poly(1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium) iodide) electrolytes with a SCN content of 40-60 wt.% showed a room temperature conductivity of 1.0-1.6 mS cm⁻¹and a photoconversion efficiency of >4.1%, which are comparable to those observed from liquid organic carbonate electrolyte and the DSSCs using the liquid electrolyte at the same experimental conditions. Also, the DSSCs assembled with the SCN-PMVII electrolytes maintained their photoconversion efficiency very steadily during aging test of 50 days despite of being placed at 40 °C under 1 sun illumination or stored at 60 °C in an oven. Since these plastic-polymer electrolytes are solvent-free, highly conductive and electrochemically compatible, it is possible to use this type electrolyte for development of practical DSSCs.     

耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的研究进展

耐溶剂纳滤是一种新型的膜分离技术,用于有机混合物的分离。商品耐溶剂纳滤膜大多是采用相转化法制备的整体皮层非对称膜,膜皮层较厚,通量较低。耐溶剂复合纳滤膜由基膜和分离层组成,具有薄皮层、高溶剂通量和高溶质截留率的优点。耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的制备与改性也因此成为近年来的研究热点。本文从界面聚合、表面涂覆、层层自组装、原位生长、有机-无机杂化和表面改性六个方面介绍耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的研究进展,最后对其发展前景进行展望。     

Controllable preparation of alumina nanorods with improved solid electrolyte electrochemical performance

Alumina powders have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries such as separator coating, electrode surface modification and electrolyte fillers. Rod-like alumina with its special aspect ratio is expected to open up a new application direction. In this work, alumina nanorods were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The aspect ratio and morphology of alumina nanorods were optimized by adjusting the hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal synthesis time, volume ratio, directing agent, and sintering temperature. γ-Al₂O₃ nanorods with a diameter of 200–300 nm and a mean length of 5 μm and α-Al₂O₃ with a diameter of 100–200 nm and mean length of 5 μm were obtained by calcining the alumina precursor (AACH) at 800 °C and 1200 °C, respectively. The prepared alumina nanorods were added into polymer solid electrolyte, which promoted the dissociation of the lithium salt and stabilized the propylene polycarbonate (PPC) polymer, resulting in an improved potential window (4.5 V) and ionic conductivity (3.7 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm) of the PPC-based polymer solid electrolyte (SE). An NCM622/SE/Li solid-state battery showed enhanced electrochemical performance at ambient temperature with an initial discharge capacity of 188.5 mAh/g and a retention capacity of 158.1 mAh/g after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.5 C. These alumina nanorods have potential to be widely used in high-performance solid electrolytes.     

原位反应合成技术在橡胶加工和改性方面的应用

介绍了不饱和橡胶的原位环氧化和原位接枝、原位合成聚不饱和羧酸盐、橡胶填充剂表面原位化学处理、蒙脱土原位插层／剥离、溶胶-凝胶法原位生成SiO2等原位反应合成技术在橡胶加工和改性方面的应用研究工作，讨论了各种改性橡胶方法的特点以及改性效果，并探讨了改性橡胶材料在各种橡胶制品行业实际应用的可能性。     

固体酸催化剂应用

随着环境意识的加强以及环境保护要求的日益严格,固体酸催化剂已成为催化化学的一个研究热点。介绍了国内外固体酸催化剂特点及其应用的最新进展,包括负载型固体酸和分子筛负载型固体酸催化剂,并提出固体酸催化剂研究展望。     

疏水性固体酸催化剂应用研究进展

疏水性固体酸催化剂主要通过对传统固体酸催化剂进行改进或引入疏水性基团制备得到,由于其独特的结构和组成,具有在含水体系中活性组分不易流失、催化活性高和催化剂重复使用性能好等优点,是环境友好型催化剂,具有广阔的应用前景。综述5种不同类型的疏水性固体酸催化剂在催化领域的研究进展,包括杂多酸类、无机复合物、氧化物和磷酸盐以及有机-无机复合物。介绍疏水性催化剂的制备与改性方法、催化反应活性及反应机理,探讨不同催化剂的优点及存在的问题,对疏水性固体酸催化剂的发展进行展望。     

Electrolytic synthesis of succinic acid in a flow reactor with solid polymer electrolyte membrane

This paper describes the galvanostatic synthesis of succinic acid from maleic acid in an ion exchange membrane flow cell. The electrolysis was carried out at stainless steel, lead and copper cathodes under variable conditions of current density and substrate concentration. Depending upon the experimental conditions, the yield of succinic acid varied from 95 and 99% with a coulombic efficiency of 80–99%. The product was characterized by various physicochemical techniques, viz. ¹H-NMR, IR and UV–Visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The operational conditions giving maximum yield of product were identified. The mechanism of electrochemical reduction of maleic acid and advantages of using a catholyte without supporting electrolyte are discussed.