煤油在内螺纹管中流动沸腾强化传热特性

针对石油化工过程中沸腾传热设备技术改造的需要 ,在 3× 1 0 5Pa (绝对压力 )的条件下 ,对煤油在垂直内螺纹管中的上升流动沸腾传热进行了实验研究 ,将实验结果同煤油在光管中的实验结果进行了比较 .实验结果表明 ,内螺纹管中的沸腾换热系数是光管的 1 6～ 2倍 ,并且可在小温差条件下实现流动沸腾传热 .提出了煤油在内螺纹管中的流动沸腾换热系数的关联式 ,并对煤油在内螺纹管中的流动沸腾特性和强化传热机理进行了分析 .     

磁场调控磁性纳米流体流动和传热研究进展

磁性纳米流体在实现能量高效和可控传递领域极具发展潜力。本文综述了磁场作用下磁性纳米流体对流换热及沸腾换热的最新进展,主要包括强制对流换热、混合对流换热、自然对流换热、池沸腾换热及管内沸腾换热等方面的实验研究,分析了磁场类型、强度、梯度、频率、方向及磁铁位置等对磁性纳米流体流动和热传输特性的影响,指出可通过改变外加磁场来实现对磁性纳米流体流动和传热的控制,并探讨了磁性纳米流体流-磁耦合作用下的传热机理以及目前所面临的挑战。在此基础上,提出了未来磁场调控磁性纳米流体对流换热和沸腾换热的主要发展方向：制备稳定的磁性纳米流体,建立系统有效的流动和传热理论模型,并从微介观尺度诠释热-流-磁耦合协同换热机理。     

烧结型多孔表面管外池沸腾传热特性

实验研究了热通量为0.1~160 kW·m^-2时,去离子水在光管及烧结型多孔表面管管外的池沸腾传热特性,分析了换热管布置方式(垂直与水平)、管径大小(20、25和32 mm)与多孔层颗粒尺寸(30~105 μm)对池沸腾传热特性的影响规律。结果表明:去离子水在多孔管表面的起始沸腾过热度小于光管,比光管低3 K左右;多孔表面管可明显强化核态沸腾传热,其沸腾传热系数可达光管的3~4.5倍;大热通量下,换热管水平布置时的传热效果较垂直布置佳,且布置方式对多孔管换热效果的影响比对光管的影响小;随管径增大,光管与多孔表面管的沸腾传热系数降低;大颗粒尺寸多孔层的强化效果优于小颗粒尺寸多孔层。     

内螺纹管中流动沸腾强化传热研究

在６１０ｋＰａ压力条件下,分别对水在垂直上升内螺纹管和光管中的流动沸腾传热进行了实验,并将实验结果进行比较。结果表明,内螺纹管中的流动沸腾换热系数为光管的１６２倍,而且内螺纹管中的起始沸点小于光管中的起始沸点,从流动沸腾传热曲线上可以看到,内螺纹管有提高临界热负荷的趋势。文中对实验结果进行了拟合,提出适用于内螺纹管中流动沸腾换热系数的关联式     

水平管强化池沸腾传热在水套炉中的应用分析

油气集输换热设备中,更多关注的是强化对流传热的研究和应用,而对于管外强化沸腾换热关注较少。在介绍池沸腾传热相关理论一般性原理的基础上,分析了影响池沸腾传热的主要因素。通过改良换热管外表面结构型式,在换热管表面形成凹凸或多孔的结构,这种结构下沸腾传热提高了一个数量级。选择合适的外界压力能够强化管外沸腾传热,提高了管外换热系数。最后讨论了池沸腾传热计算的有关问题。     

惰性粒子对水沸腾传热强化的实验研究

通过加入不同种类和体积分率的惰性粒子,在垂直管中进行了水的流动沸腾传热实验,研究了三相流沸腾传热特性。实验中预先对水加热,采用了沸点进料。实验发现,传热膜系数随热通量、液体流量的增加及粒子体积分率的增大而增加。对于不同粒子,这种变化趋势比较一致,但不同粒子对沸腾传热的强化效果不同。实验结果表明:由于固体粒子的存在,强化了沸腾传热,三相流沸腾传热系数是相同条件下汽液二相流沸腾传热系数的1.3—1.7倍。     

混合工质沸腾,冷凝传热研究最新进展(Ⅰ)沸腾传热

本文综述了近十年来发表的有关混合物池沸腾、流动沸腾、降膜沸腾、管内外自然对流冷凝及强制对流冷凝传热研究的成果和现状,详述了混合工质沸腾,冷凝的现象、机理及其传热强化的方法,并对该领域的深入研究提出了新建议。     

水平螺旋槽管内制冷剂对流沸腾传热和流阻特性

以R12为工质,对内径13mm的13种不同管参数的水平S管内对流沸腾传热和流阻特性进行实验研究。结果表明,当φ>2×10~(-3)时S管能有效地强化对流沸腾,而螺旋角对传热性能的影响不大;在大质量流速下,大节距而槽太浅的S管不利于强化对流沸腾。通过数据统计分析,整理出传热和流阻计算式。     

垂直窄矩形通道内流动沸腾传热研究

在热虹吸条件下，实验研究了缝宽接近于气泡脱离直径型的窄矩形通道内流动沸腾的传热特性。发现其对流蒸发传热中有时处于过渡流状态。首次为对流蒸发传热系数建立了一个通用算式。还将该算式与加和模型相结合，为窄矩形通道形成了第一个完整的流动沸腾传热算法。该算法的预测值与实验数据相比，其平均绝对偏差为１４．９％。     

同心环形管强迫流动与传热实验研究

在高温高压沸腾二相流实验系统上,实验研究了窄缝为2.05 mm的同心环形管,在不同加热条件下水的流动阻力与传热特性。2种加热方式为单内管或单外管电加热,通过处理实验测量的管壁温度获得传热系数。得到了以下结果:层流向紊流转变的临界雷诺数为2 300;环形管内的流动阻力系数小于普通圆管,外管加热时的摩擦系数小于非加热条件时的数值;窄缝环形管内换热有一定强化,高于相同条件下的圆管内紊流换热;内外管同时加热时,相比仅外管加热而言,外管的换热得到了抑制;得到了环形管内流动摩擦阻力系数与传热系数的实验关联式。     

纳米管阵列表面流动沸腾传热特性的实验研究

利用阳极氧化法在钛换热管内表面制备出了一层管阵列结构纳米薄膜。以该纳米管阵列表面管为传热元件,蒸馏水为工质,采用管外电加热竖管强制循环工艺,在恒质量流速下考察了纳米管阵列表面管的流动沸腾传热性能。在实验的基础上,得出了纳米管阵列表面管流动沸腾传热系数关联式。实验结果表明,与光滑表面管相比,流动沸腾传热温差降低了30%～55%,在没有增加阻力的情况下,沸腾传热系数提高了1.5～2.2倍。     

釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型

通过对管束壳侧循环流动沸腾传热的分析，提出了管束沸腾传热的薄层蒸发传热增强贡献的计算公式，建立了釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型，利用此模型，对管束传热系数及循环流速进行了模拟计算。验证结果表明，由本模型计算所得管束沸腾传热系数与实验结果吻合较好。     

垂直多孔表面管内高沸点工质强化流动沸腾换热的数值分析

在对流动特性和换热机理进行分析的基础上,建立了垂直多孔表面管内高沸点工质强化流动沸腾换热的数学模型和数值计算方法.该模型认为环状流区域同时存在强制对流与核态沸腾两种换热方式.液膜厚度、速度与温度等参数通过求解液膜的质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒方程获得.核态沸腾换热则包括气泡脱离带走的热量及用于加热气化核心影响区流入液体的热量两部分.提出了流动沸腾情况下的多孔层气泡脱离直径及气化核心密度计算方法.对异丙苯在火焰喷涂型垂直多孔表面管内向上流动时的沸腾换热进行了数值预测,大部分工况的计算值与实验结果符合良好.在低干度区(x=0.1),核态沸腾在总换热中的比例约为50%.随着干度的增加,核态沸腾受到越来越大的抑制,当x为0.5时,这一比例降低到约15％.     

Enhancement Boiling Heat Transfer Study of a Newly Compact In‐line Bundle Evaporator under Reduced Pressure Conditions

For common flooded‐type evaporators, nucleate boiling heat transfer cannot occur on the heated tubes since heat fluxes and wall superheats of heated tubes are generally quite low. However, when the tube spacing is very small, nucleate boiling in restricted spaces can occur easily under low heat flux or low wall superheat conditions. The generation of nucleate boiling can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance of bundle evaporators. This study investigated experimentally the boiling heat transfer enhancement effects of the restricted space in compact in‐line tube bundles with smooth tubes under various reduced pressures. The experimental results show that the compact in‐line tube bundles have a significantly enhanced heat transfer compared to those of the common tube bundles, and there is an optimum tube spacing that provides the greatest heat transfer enhancement effect. The test pressures have a marked influence on the boiling heat transfer enhancement in the compact bundles. The heat transfer enhancement effect decreases with decreasing test pressure. In addition, the heat transfer enhancement effects of the in‐line tube bundles are also compared with those of the staggered bundles. Under reduced pressure, there is no significant difference between the heat transfer enhancement effects for the two types of bundles.     

Enhanced Heat Transfer Characteristics of Upward Flow Boiling of Kerosene in a Vertical Spirally Internally Ribbed Tube

Experiments of upward flow boiling of kerosene in a vertical spirally internally ribbed tube and a vertical smooth tube were conducted, respectively, in the present study. The spirally internally ribbed tube has an inner diameter of 11 mm (an equivalent inner diameter of 11.6 mm) and an outer diameter of 22 mm. The smooth tube has an inner diameter of 15 mm and an outer diameter of 19 mm. The test tubes were uniformly heated by passing an electrical current along the tubes with an available heated length of 2500 mm. At the outlet of the test section, the experimental pressure was 3 bars. The experimental heat flux ranged from 28.5 to 93.75 kW/m². The experimental mass flux was 410, 610, and 810 kg/m²s, respectively. Both local and average flow boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured in the test tubes. The enhanced heat transfer characteristics of the flow boiling of kerosene in the spirally internally ribbed tube are presented by comparing the experimental heat transfer coefficients with those obtained in the smooth tube. It shows that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients in the spirally internally ribbed tube are 1.6 to 2 times greater than those in the smooth tube. The physical mechanisms of the enhanced heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in the spirally internally ribbed tube are analyzed. According to the experimental data, an expression for the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of kerosene was found in terms of the Martinelli number for the spirally internally ribbed tube. The correlation is applicable to the design of heat exchange equipment, using the spirally internally ribbed tube as a heat transfer element under these test conditions.     

三维竖直圆管内流动沸腾的数值模拟

沸腾传热及气液两相流动都是常见的物理现象,其流动形式及传热机理复杂.文章借助于CFX流体计算平台,模拟了水在三维竖直圆管内的过冷流动沸腾过程,给出管内流体状态参数的变化规律.得到沿管长的气相体积分数的变化规律,沿管长沸腾传热系数的变化趋势,明显地看到沸腾对传热的强化作用,得到径向液体温度分布情况.对过冷流动沸腾的内在机...     

氟里昂R-113在水平管束管外池沸腾实验研究

通过对氟里昂R-113在水平管束管外地沸腾的实验研究,分析了管束沸腾的滞后现象及沸腾换热系数的管束效应.得出了管束沸腾换热系数的经验关系式,并讨论了关系式中系数和指数与换热机理的内在联系.     

氟里昂R-113在水平管束管外池沸腾实验研究

通过对氟里昂R-113在水平管束管外地沸腾的实验研究,分析了管束沸腾的滞后现象及沸腾换热系数的管束效应.得出了管束沸腾换热系数的经验关系式,并讨论了关系式中系数和指数与换热机理的内在联系.     

NUCLEATE POOL BOILING IN A CONFINED SPACE

Nucleate pool boiling of pure water and dilute aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solutions within a confined space between heated and unheated horizontal-parallel surfaces has been investigated under atmospheric pressure. The electrically heated lower surface is made of a sheet of stainless steel 304 with the dimension of 145 × 22 × 0.05 mm and the unheated upper plate is a stainless steel cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm. Periphery of the confined space is open and the size of the gap can be varied from 0 to 10 mm. Experimental results show that with the size of the gap between 0.3 and 3 mm, the heat transfer coefficient may increase to as much as 200 percent of those measured for conventional pool boiling. The addition of surfactant has no significant influence on the heat transfer coefficient in this case. Based on the experimental results, the microlayer evaporation with fluid flow driven by the gradient of disjoining pressure is discussed and considered as an important heat transfer mechanism for nucleate pool boiling in confined spaces