胆碱脯氨酸/RTILs支撑液膜的CO2/N2分离性能

选用不同种类的室温型离子液体（RTILs）与胆碱脯氨酸离子液体进行混合分别制得[Choline][Pro]/[EMIm][N（CN）₂]、[Choline][Pro]/[bmim][PF₆]以及[Choline][Pro]/[HMIm][NTf₂]混合离子液体,并将其应用于离子液体支撑液膜（SILMs）。考察操作温度、操作压差、RTILs种类和含量对SILMs分离CO₂/N₂性能的影响。结果表明胆碱脯氨酸/RTILs系列SILMs的CO₂通量在343.3～1936.9 barrer之间变化并且CO₂/N₂选择性为10.3～34.8。对CO₂膜过程内在机制探索表明随着[HMIm][NTf₂]离子液体在混合离子液体中比例的增加,总阻力1/K_m会呈现先降低后升高的趋势。与实验现象中随着[HMIm][NTf₂]离子液体在混合离子液体中比例的增加CO₂先升高后降低相符。     

离子液体支撑液膜的CO2/CH4分离性能

由于离子液体对CO₂具有较好的溶解选择性,离子液体支撑液膜分离CO₂越来越受到关注。比较了含3种不同阴离子的常规离子液体([bmim][BF₄]、[bmim][PF₆]、[bmim][Tf₂N])作为支撑液膜的液膜相分离CO₂/CH₄的性能,考察了咪唑环上烷基链长对离子液体支撑液膜性能的影响。考虑向离子液体中引入胺基和羧基等亲CO₂基团,制备了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑丙氨酸离子液体([bmim][β-Ala]),考察了 [bmim][β-Ala]支撑液膜分离CO₂/CH₄的性能,并对在CO₂渗透测试前后的支撑液膜进行了FT-IR分析,发现氨基酸离子液体中的-NH₂和CO₂的较强作用以及该离子液体的高黏性影响了CO₂的透过性,使[Bmim][β-Ala]支撑液膜的CO₂透过率低。     

功能化Zr-MOF强化混合基质膜CO2分离

混合基质膜（MMMs）在气体分离领域具有良好的应用前景,金属有机框架（MOFs）由于具有高孔隙率和有机连接基团,常被用作填料制备MMMs。但由于MOFs与聚合物的界面相容性问题,MMMs的气体分离性能提升受到限制。本文合成了功能化的Zr-MOF（UiO-66-AC）,并利用其与聚醚共聚酰胺（Pebax）共同制备了混合基质膜。填料中引入的羰基和羧基等基团提供了MOFs与聚合物基质之间较强的界面相互作用。与纯Pebax膜相比,UiO-66-AC/Pebax MMMs的气体渗透性能得到了显著提高。当填料质量分数为6%时,膜的CO₂渗透系数为102.4 Barrer,CO₂/N₂和CO₂/CH₄选择性分别为90.6和26.0,CO₂/N₂分离性能突破了Robeson上限(2008),表明该混合基质膜在CO₂的分离应用上具有潜力。     

离子液体膜材料分离二氧化碳的研究进展

离子液体由于具有不易挥发、结构可调、对CO₂有良好的吸收性能等特点而成为当前CO₂分离领域的研究热点,但因高黏度和高成本问题而限制了其工业化应用。将离子液体与气体分离膜材料结合,得到的新型分离膜材料兼具离子液体和膜的优势,成为当前离子液体研究领域的趋势之一。针对这一热点问题,综述了离子液体支撑液膜、聚离子液体膜和离子液体共混/杂化膜在CO₂分离方面的研究现状和进展,讨论了离子液体结构和含量对膜分离性能、稳定性等的影响。相关研究表明,离子液体共混/杂化膜具有较高的分离性能和稳定性,是一种很有应用前景的CO₂分离材料。提出该领域的重点发展方向,即开发新的功能化离子液体共混/杂化膜材料是解决高渗透通量与高稳定性之间矛盾、强化CO₂分离性能的有效途径,深入研究离子液体共混/杂化膜的形成机制、气体在膜中的渗透行为以及CO₂分离机理。     

Cu(Qc)2强化Pebax混合基质膜分离CO2

为了提高Pebax-1657的CO₂分离性能,本文制备了对CO₂有吸附作用的金属有机骨架Cu(Qc)₂,将其加入到Pebax-1657基质中,制备混合基质膜,用于CO₂的气体分离。通过扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、红外光谱和X射线衍射对溶液浇铸法制备的膜进行表征,通过膜的气体渗透性能测试考察填料含量、操作压力和混合气对膜气体渗透性能的影响。结果表明,Cu(Qc)₂在Pebax基质中随机有效地堆叠形成了高选择性的气体传输通道,极大地提高了CO₂/N₂的选择性。随着Cu(Qc)₂填充量的增加,CO₂渗透系数和CO₂/N₂选择性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当Cu(Qc)₂的质量分数为3%时,呈现最佳的CO₂/N₂分离性能,CO₂ 渗透系数和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为102Barrer和84,与Pebax-1657膜相比,分别提高了45.7%和40.0%,突破了Robeson分离上限,表明该混合基质膜在CO₂的分离应用上具有潜力。     

Pebax/a-MoS2/MIP-202混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能

为了获得高性能的CO₂/N₂分离膜,把空气中氧刻蚀的二硫化钼（a-MoS₂）和金属有机框架材料MIP-202通过机械力化学反应制备的双功能填料作为分散相,聚醚嵌段酰胺（Pebax-1657）作为连续相,采用溶液浇铸法制备了Pebax/a-MoS₂/MIP-202混合基质膜。采用FT-IR表征了填料的化学结构,借助ATR-FTIR、SEM、TG和力学性能测试表征了混合基质膜的化学结构、微观形貌结构、热稳定性和物理力学性能。研究了水含量、双功能填料配比、含量、膜两侧压差和操作温度对膜气体分离性能的影响,并考察了模拟烟道气（CO₂/N₂体积比15/85）条件下混合基质膜的长时间运行稳定性。结果表明：在温度为25℃、膜两侧压差为0.1 MPa的操作条件下,a-MoS₂与MIP-202质量比为5∶5和双功能填料含量为6%（质量）时,膜的气体分离性能达到最优,CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为380 Barrer和124.7,超过了2019年McKeown等提出的上限值。连续测试360 h后,混合基质膜的性能没有明显降低,其平均CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为358 Barrer和120.1。这主要是由于a-MoS₂和MIP-202协同提高了膜的气体分离性能。     

Pebax/a-MoS2/MIP-202混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能

为了获得高性能的CO₂/N₂分离膜,把空气中氧刻蚀的二硫化钼（a-MoS₂）和金属有机框架材料MIP-202通过机械力化学反应制备的双功能填料作为分散相,聚醚嵌段酰胺（Pebax-1657）作为连续相,采用溶液浇铸法制备了Pebax/a-MoS₂/MIP-202混合基质膜。采用FT-IR表征了填料的化学结构,借助ATR-FTIR、SEM、TG和力学性能测试表征了混合基质膜的化学结构、微观形貌结构、热稳定性和物理力学性能。研究了水含量、双功能填料配比、含量、膜两侧压差和操作温度对膜气体分离性能的影响,并考察了模拟烟道气（CO₂/N₂体积比15/85）条件下混合基质膜的长时间运行稳定性。结果表明：在温度为25℃、膜两侧压差为0.1 MPa的操作条件下,a-MoS₂与MIP-202质量比为5∶5和双功能填料含量为6%（质量）时,膜的气体分离性能达到最优,CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为380 Barrer和124.7,超过了2019年McKeown等提出的上限值。连续测试360 h后,混合基质膜的性能没有明显降低,其平均CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性分别为358 Barrer和120.1。这主要是由于a-MoS₂和MIP-202协同提高了膜的气体分离性能。     

聚乙烯胺/埃洛石纳米管混合基质膜的制备及其CO2/N2分离

制备高性能的气体分离膜,是实现CO₂高效回收的关键。为了提高CO₂分离膜的性能,将中空管状结构的埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）添加到聚乙烯胺（PVAm）中配制涂膜液,并将PVAm-HNTs涂膜液涂覆到聚砜（PSf）超滤膜上制备PVAm-HNTs/PSf混合基质膜。其中PSf超滤膜作为支撑层,PVAm-HNTs致密涂层作为功能层,功能层结构与形态对CO₂分离具有关键作用。采用XRD、SEM对HNTs的结构与形态进行表征,并借助FTIR和SEM对膜的形态与结构进行分析。在进料气为纯气条件下,系统地研究了HNTs添加量、进料压力、PVAm-HNTs涂层厚度对PVAm-HNTs/PSf膜的CO₂分离性能影响,并考察了混合基质膜的CO₂/N₂混合气分离性能。结果显示：在水溶液中显示正电性的PVAm与负电性的HNTs具有较好的界面相容性。HNTs添加量为1%（质量）、PVAm-HNTs湿涂层厚度为50 μm的混合基质膜,表现出最优的CO₂分离性能。在进料气压力为0.1 MPa、测试温度为25℃、CO₂/N₂（15/85,体积比）混合气进料的条件下,膜的CO₂渗透速率为178 GPU,CO₂/N₂选择性为83;该膜具有较好的稳定性,经过120 h运行后,渗透性和选择性仍能保持稳定。     

规整填料塔中离子液体吸收CO2的传质与流体力学性能

在规整填料塔中采用离子液体吸收二氧化碳气体,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件建立可靠的数学模型,系统考察了离子液体结构及规整填料几何参数对吸收过程的传质特性和流体力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,床层压降随气体流速增大而增大,液相传质系数随液体流速的增大而增大。相同阴离子时,随着阳离子碳链长度的增长,吸收过程压降增大,同时液相传质系数减小。相同阳离子时,不同阴离子的离子液体压降大的同时传质系数也大。但离子液体的结构对压降影响不明显。离子液体筛选主要考虑传质系数和溶解度因素,但二者与离子液体结构表现出相反的规律。两种折线结构的规整填料传质性能优于传统的X型和Y型结构。     

功能型离子液体协同吸收NH3和CO2的密度泛函理论研究

离子液体（ILs）由于其独特的结构可调性,作为添加剂可有效抑制氨法碳捕集中NH₃的逃逸并同时促进CO₂的吸收。揭示其吸收NH₃和CO₂的作用机理对于构建特定的功能型ILs结构具有重要意义。本文采用密度泛函理论（DFT）,在B3LYP/6-31'++G（d,p）基组水平下对设计的五种功能型ILs进行了结构优化、频率计算以及原子电荷分析,获得了优化后的结构参数、振动频率以及原子电荷等数据。在此基础上对ILs吸收CO₂和NH₃进行了相互作用分析。计算结果表明：[HEBim][His]的稳定性最好,经过BSSE校正后的相互作用能为-415.73 kJ·mol^-1。通过静电势和电荷分析找到了设计的ILs与气体作用的最佳位点：NH₃主要与ILs阳离子的羟基形成 O—H…N型氢键,其中,[HEBim][His]吸收NH₃的能力最强,形成的氢键结合能为38.52 kJ·mol^-1,具有较强的氢键作用;CO₂主要与阴离子中的氨基形成C—N…C型氢键,[HEBim][Ala]吸收CO₂的能力最强,形成的氢键结合能为10.15 kJ·mol^-1,具有较弱的氢键作用。当ILs同时与NH₃和CO₂相互作用时,其吸收能力均有不同程度的下降,[HEBim][His]与[HEBim][Ala]的综合吸收效果最佳。     

功能型离子液体协同吸收NH3和CO2的密度泛函理论研究

离子液体（ILs）由于其独特的结构可调性,作为添加剂可有效抑制氨法碳捕集中NH₃的逃逸并同时促进CO₂的吸收。揭示其吸收NH₃和CO₂的作用机理对于构建特定的功能型ILs结构具有重要意义。本文采用密度泛函理论（DFT）,在B3LYP/6-31'++G（d,p）基组水平下对设计的五种功能型ILs进行了结构优化、频率计算以及原子电荷分析,获得了优化后的结构参数、振动频率以及原子电荷等数据。在此基础上对ILs吸收CO₂和NH₃进行了相互作用分析。计算结果表明：[HEBim][His]的稳定性最好,经过BSSE校正后的相互作用能为-415.73 kJ·mol^-1。通过静电势和电荷分析找到了设计的ILs与气体作用的最佳位点：NH₃主要与ILs阳离子的羟基形成 O—H…N型氢键,其中,[HEBim][His]吸收NH₃的能力最强,形成的氢键结合能为38.52 kJ·mol^-1,具有较强的氢键作用;CO₂主要与阴离子中的氨基形成C—N…C型氢键,[HEBim][Ala]吸收CO₂的能力最强,形成的氢键结合能为10.15 kJ·mol^-1,具有较弱的氢键作用。当ILs同时与NH₃和CO₂相互作用时,其吸收能力均有不同程度的下降,[HEBim][His]与[HEBim][Ala]的综合吸收效果最佳。     

The effect of ZIF-90 particle in Pebax/Psf composite membrane on the transport properties of CO2, CH4 and N2 gases by Molecular Dynamics Simulation method

Nowadays, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have considered by many researchers to overcome the problems of polymeric membranes. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation Methods are suitable tools for studying transport properties and morphology in MMMs. For this purpose, in this study using material studio 2017 (MS) software, the transport properties of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂ in Pebax, Psf neat Pebax/Psf composite and Pebax/Psf composite filled with ZIF-90 particles have been investigated. By adding Psf to Pebax matrix, the selectivity of CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ gases has significantly increased. In addition, adding ZIF-90 particles to the Pebax/Psf composite increased the permeability of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂ compared to neat and composite membranes. The morphological properties of the membranes, such as the fractional free volume (FFV), radial distribution function (RDF), glass transition temperature (T_G), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and equilibrium density have calculated and acceptable results have obtained.     

Molecular dynamics simulation for the binary mixtures of high pressure carbon dioxide and ionic liquids简

Molecular dynamics simulation with an all-atom force field has been carded out on the two binary sys- tems of [bmim][PF6]-CO2 and [bmim][NO3]-CO2 to study the transport properties, volume expansion and micro- structures. It was found that addition of CO2 in the liquid phase can greatly decrease the viscosity of ionic liquids （ILs） and increase their diffusion coefficient obviously. Furthermore, the volume expansion of ionic liquids was found to increase with the increase of the mole fraction of CO2 in the liquid phase but less than 35% for the two simulated systems, which had a significant difference with CO2 expanded organic solvents. The main reason was that there were some void spaces inter and intra the molecules of ionic liquids. Finally, site to site radial distribution functions and corresponding number integrals were investigated and it was found that the change of microstructures of ILs bv addition CO2 had a great influence on the orooerties of ILs.     

SPEEK/PSI半互穿网络共混膜的制备及其CO2分离研究

为了获得高性能的气体分离膜,实现烟道气中CO₂/N₂高效分离回收,以磺化聚醚醚酮（SPEEK）和聚琥珀酰亚胺（PSI）为原料,己二胺为交联剂,原位交联反应制备富含氨基的半互穿网络共混膜,在膜内构建CO₂传递通道和亲和位点,并采用红外光谱对共混膜的结构进行表征。研究水含量、PSI用量和进料气压力对膜气体分离性能的影响,在混合气条件下考察其气体分离性能和长时间运行稳定性。研究结果表明：SPEEK与PSI两相界面相容性较好,它们之间存在较强的相互作用,且呈半互穿网络微结构;PSI含量为60%（质量）时,纯气和混合气条件下CO₂渗透性分别为652和601 Barrer,对应的CO₂/N₂选择性为67.6和60.3,优于纯SPEEK膜,且超过2008年的Robeson上限;共混膜运行360 h后,CO₂渗透性和CO₂/N₂选择性仍然稳定。这主要是因为SPEEK与PSI形成富含氨基的半互穿网络微结构后,一方面提供了CO₂促进传递载体;另一方面,增强了共混膜的保水性能,形成大量CO₂传递水通道。     

New process development and process evaluation for capturing CO2 in flue gas from power plants using ionic liquid [emim][Tf2N]

Using the ionic liquid [emim][Tf_2N] as a physical solvent, it was found by Aspen Plus simulation that it was possible to attempt to capture CO_2 from the flue gas discharged from the coal-fired unit of the power plant.Using the combination of model calculation and experimental determination, the density, isostatic heat capacity,viscosity, vapor pressure, thermal conductivity, surface tension and solubility of [emim][Tf_2N] were obtained.Based on the NRTL model, the Henry coefficient and NRTL binary interaction parameters of CO_2 dissolved in[emim][Tf_2N] were obtained by correlating [emim][Tf_2N] with the gas–liquid equilibrium data of CO_2. Firstly,the calculated relevant data is imported into Aspen Plus, and the whole process model of the ionic liquid absorption process is established. Then the absorption process is optimized according to the temperature distribution in the absorption tower to obtain a new absorption process. Finally, the density, constant pressure heat capacity,surface tension, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of [emim][Tf_2N] were changed to investigate the effect of ionic liquid properties on process energy consumption, solvent circulation and heat exchanger design. The results showed that based on the composition of the inlet gas stream to the absorbers, CO_2 with a capture rate of 90% and a mass purity higher than 99.5% was captured. These results indicate that the [emim][Tf_2N] could be used as a physical solvent for CO_2 capture from coal-fired units. In addition, the results will provide a theoretical basis for the design of new ionic liquids for CO_2 capture.     

负载型离子液体吸附分离CO2的研究现状及展望

人口增长与全球工业化的加速发展促使化石能源需求量逐年递增,由此导致大气中二氧化碳（CO₂）含量快速上升并引发了全球系列气候问题,“碳达峰·碳中和”背景下的CO₂减排刻不容缓。传统工业捕集CO₂方法由于能耗高、选择性较差、溶剂损耗大等问题限制了其大规模推广应用,离子液体因其极低挥发性、强的气体亲和性、可调的结构性质等特点在CO₂捕集分离领域逐渐显示出独特优势,但离子液体特别是功能化后通常黏度较高或室温呈固态,导致气液传质效果差或无法直接应用于吸收分离过程。负载型离子液体兼具离子液体和多孔材料的共同优势,不仅能提升选择性分离效果,有效避免离子液体直接吸收造成的高黏度,还可拓展离子液体应用范围,具有广阔的发展前景。重点总结了近些年物理和化学负载型离子液体在CO₂吸附分离方面的研究现状和进展,并对负载型离子液体捕集分离CO₂研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Preparation of SPEEK/PSI semi-interpenetrating network blend membrane and its CO2 separation

To obtain high-performance gas separation membranes and realize high-efficiency separation and recovery of CO₂/N₂ in flue gas, the amino-rich semi-interpenetrating network blend membranes were prepared by in-situ crosslinking reaction, which provided CO₂ transport channels and affinity sites. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and polysuccinimide (PSI) were used as raw materials, and hexamethylenediamine was crosslinking agent. The structure of the blend membranes was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of water content, PSI dosage and feed gas pressure on the gas separation performance were studied, and its gas separation performance and the long-time stability were investigated under mixed gas conditions. The results showed that SPEEK and PSI have a good compatibility, and there is a strong interaction between them, which exhibited the semi-interpenetrating network microstructure in the membranes. When the PSI loading is 60%(mass), the CO₂ permeability of pure gas and mixed gas are 652 and 601 Barrer, respectively, and the corresponding CO₂/N₂ selectivity is 67.6 and 60.3, which is better than that in pristine SPEEK membrane, surpassing 2008 Robeson upper bound. The CO₂ permeability and CO₂/N₂ selectivity are still stable after 360 h durability test of SPEEK/PSI-60 blend membrane. This is mainly due to the formation of the amino-rich semi-interpenetrating network microstructure between SPEEK and PSI, which not only provides CO₂ facilitated transport carriers, but also enhances the water retention performance of the blend membranes and forms a large number of CO₂ transport water channels.     

负载型离子液体吸附分离CO2的研究现状及展望

人口增长与全球工业化的加速发展促使化石能源需求量逐年递增,由此导致大气中二氧化碳（CO₂）含量快速上升并引发了全球系列气候问题,“碳达峰·碳中和”背景下的CO₂减排刻不容缓。传统工业捕集CO₂方法由于能耗高、选择性较差、溶剂损耗大等问题限制了其大规模推广应用,离子液体因其极低挥发性、强的气体亲和性、可调的结构性质等特点在CO₂捕集分离领域逐渐显示出独特优势,但离子液体特别是功能化后通常黏度较高或室温呈固态,导致气液传质效果差或无法直接应用于吸收分离过程。负载型离子液体兼具离子液体和多孔材料的共同优势,不仅能提升选择性分离效果,有效避免离子液体直接吸收造成的高黏度,还可拓展离子液体应用范围,具有广阔的发展前景。重点总结了近些年物理和化学负载型离子液体在CO₂吸附分离方面的研究现状和进展,并对负载型离子液体捕集分离CO₂研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

GO-TSC/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的制备及气体分离性能研究

使用氨基硫脲（TSC）对氧化石墨烯（GO）进行改性,制备GO-TSC层状复合材料。随后,将该复合材料加入到Matrimid^®5218（PI）基质中,制备用于二氧化碳分离的混合基质膜（MMMs）。通过TGA、SEM及气体分离性能测试考察了GO-TSC对膜热稳定性、结构和气体分离性能等的影响。SEM结果显示GO-TSC可均匀分散在聚合物基质上并与基质紧密结合;TGA结果显示混合基质膜在250 ℃以上仍保持稳定。与纯PI膜相比,MMMs显著增强了二氧化碳的渗透性。GO-TSC中所含的氨基与二氧化碳具有良好的亲和力,增加的碱性位点可以有效地转运二氧化碳。GO-TSC的层状结构增加了气体的传输路径,不利于大动态直径气体（甲烷、氮气）的通过,从而提高了分离性能。GO-TSC负载量为0.75%（质量分数）时混合基质膜的分离性能最佳。相比较纯PI膜,混合基质膜的二氧化碳渗透系数和二氧化碳/甲烷、二氧化碳/氮气分离系数分别提高了42.16%、95.79%和83.72%。     

Hydrophobic modification of SAPO-34 membranes for improvement of stability under wet condition

SAPO-34 zeolite membranes show high efficiency for CO₂/CH₄ separation but suffer from the reduction of separation performance when exposed to humid atmosphere. In this work, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) was used to modify the hollow fibers supported SAPO-34 membranes to increase the external surface hydrophobicity and thus sustain their performance under moisture environment. The modified membranes were fully characterized. Their separation performance was extensively investigated in both dry and wet gaseous systems and compared with the un-modified ones. The un-modified SAPO-34 membrane exhibited a high separation selectivity of 160 and CO₂ permeance of 1.18×10^-6 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1 for separation of dry CO₂/CH₄ at 298 K. However, its separation selectivity declined to 0.9 and the CO₂ permeance was only about 1.7×10^-8 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1 for wet CO₂/CH₄ at same temperature. High temperature (e.g. 353 K) could reduce the effect of moisture to improve SAPO-34 separation selectivity, but further increasing temperature (e.g. 373 K) led to decrease in CO₂/CH₄ separation selectivity. A significant decrease of selectivity was observed at higher pressure drop. The modified SAPO-34 membrane showed decreased CO₂ permeance but increased separation selectivity for dry CO₂/CH₄ gas mixture, and super performance for wet CO₂/CH₄ gas mixture due to the improved hydrophobicity of membrane surface. A separation selectivity of 65 and CO₂ permeance of 4.73×10^-8 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1 for wet CO₂/CH₄ mixture can be observed at 353 K with a pressure drop of 0.4 MPa. Furthermore, the modified membrane exhibited stable separation performance during the 120-hour test for wet CO₂/CH₄ mixture at 353 K. The hydrophobic modification paves a way for SAPO-34 membranes in real applications.