基于CFX的迷宫式调节阀内流场流动特性的仿真

针对某特定型号的迷宫式调节阀,用SolidWorks建立其三维实体模型,通过布尔操作取其内部流场作为研究对象。应用CFX方法对调节阀内部流体流动特性进行仿真,得到该阀内流场流动的三维可视化结果。根据仿真结果分析迷宫式调节阀内部流场的流动特性,得到在阀芯不同开度下该阀的理想流量特性曲线以及相同开度下压差和质量流量之间的关系曲线,为后续研究新的阀门、阀门故障诊断以及阀门流场优化等研究提供很重要的参考。     

大口径轮盘式特种调节阀流动特性分析

大口径轮盘式特种调节阀（简称特种阀）是高空试验台保证进气系统温度和压力及时达到发动机飞行环境所对应温度和压力的主要调节阀之一。为了提高特种阀流量系数控制模型的精度，基于Fluent软件模拟研究特种阀的内部流动特性，探索分析了9个开度（10°、20°、30°、40°、50°、60°、70°、80°、90°（全开））和9个压比（0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9）对特种阀内部速度和压力的影响规律。结果表明：特种阀内速度和压力沿无级调节盘呈对称分布，气流速度随着开度的增大而逐渐增加，在阀前压力为200 kPa、压比为0.1时，开度为90°的进口速度为72.92 m/s，约为开度10°的9倍；在开度不变时，进口速度随着压比增大先不变后减小，存在临界压比；开度为10°~50°时临界压比约为0.5，开度在60°~90°范围内临界压比约为0.6；特种阀的流阻系数随着开度和压比的增大而减小，开度为10°~40°时，流阻系数下降速度最显著，其中开度从10°增大到30°时，流阻系数下降了88%。     

面向调节阀的流量控制仿真研究

针对柱塞式调节阀进行流量反馈控制时过于依赖流量测量装置、流量调节时间长的问题，进行流量控制仿真研究。基于Fluent流体仿真软件，建立10%～100%开度值下的调节阀三维流道模型，并在0.2～1 MPa进出口压差下仿真得出调节阀内部流场分布，建立阀口流量与阀芯开度、调节阀进出口压差三维数据表。建立调节阀开度控制模型，同时完成模糊PID控制器的设计。通过MATLAB对3种调节阀流量控制系统进行仿真分析。结果表明：基于所设计的开度控制模型进行流量调节时，有效地提升了阀门的快速性，阀门开度响应时间小于1.8 s,同时完全消除了超调量，更易达到稳定状态。     

液压锥阀空化流分析及阀芯结构改进研究

空化是液压锥阀运行时造成振动及噪声的重要因素,其影响因素颇为复杂。利用FLUENT中混合模型(Mixture)及标准κ-ε湍流模型,对锥阀阀芯锥角和阀口开度的变化对空化程度的影响进行计算流体动力学分析,发现随着阀口开度的增大,空化程度先增强后减弱,而随着阀芯锥角的增大,小开度下空化程度逐渐减弱,大开度时先减弱后增强。采用两个不同锥角的锥面对阀芯结构改进,发现可一定程度抑制空化。     

基于CFD的阀芯颈部直径对液压锥阀性能的影响研究

采用计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法对锥阀的阀腔内流场进行求解,得到不同阀芯颈部直径D值下不同阀口开度对应的流量、流量系数、阀芯阻力与稳态液动力值,并对解析结果进行了分析。结果表明：在相同阀口开度下,阀芯颈部直径D的变化对流量、流量系数几乎无影响,流量系数保持在0．86左右;阀芯的颈部直径D的变化对阀芯阻力与稳态液动力的影响也很小;阀芯阻力随着阀口开度的增大而减小;稳态液动力随着阀口开度增大而增大。     

船舶疏水系统流量压力脉动特性研究

疏水系统在船舶中担任疏干排污等重要工作,其工作时产生的管道流量及压力脉动是系统产生振动噪声的主要原因。降低系统流量压力脉动、抑制系统噪声的关键之一是掌握系统流量压力脉动特性。通过分析低噪声柱塞泵的结构原理,结合疏水系统管道结构,建立完整的疏水系统仿真模型;通过试验台对仿真模型的准确性进行验证;最后基于仿真模型,对疏水系统特性及压力脉动的影响因素进行研究。结果表明：流量压力脉动主要作用频率为5 Hz和20 Hz;阀开度及管道长度对压力脉动影响较大,泵参数变化的影响较小,后续设计优化应优先考虑出口管道。     

直驱式插装阀内部流道的动态仿真研究

利用流体力学软件Fluent对直驱式插装阀内部流场进行分析,得到不同开度下阀体内部流体的压力及速度分布云图,分析了液流能量损失的原因,优化了结构参数。结果表明:阀口开度较小时,总压力梯度较小,阀内流体的速度梯度不均,仅在节流口处有较大的变化,在开度接近于最大时,总压力梯度最大,流体最大速度升高;开度为20 mm时,压力梯度较小的位置流体的速度梯度也较小,而压力梯度大的位置速度梯度也明显较大;能量损耗主要由于阀套的通油口面上出现了直径约为10 mm的漩涡区。     

阀笼式调节阀套筒窗口形状设计与流量特性分析

我国的阀笼式调节阀技术起步晚,传统的设计过程常常依赖经验公式,产品的实验结果与设计要求存在较大误差。因此,以阀笼式调节阀套筒为设计对象,基于阀笼式调节阀的孔板流量计原理,推导得到套筒横截面积的通用公式和4种流量特性(直线型流量特性、等百分比型流量特性、抛物线型流量特性和快开型流量特性)不同开度下套筒的横截面积,建立模型并用FLUENT软件进行仿真模拟,将调节阀在不同开度下相对流量的实验值与理想设计值进行对比。结果表明:此设计方法在调节阀开度为30%～80%时具有可靠性,不仅有效满足设计要求,而且该方法设计周期短、成本低、精度高。此外,通过推导的阀笼式调节阀套筒的通用面积公式,可改变套筒进口处和出口处的压力值和不同固有流量特性要求,得到符合特定要求的套筒,故具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于FLUENT的集成块流道的仿真分析

仿真分析了液压集成块两种不同孔道的流场以及增大阀口的开度、缩短阀口到集成块交叉孔道的距离后的流场。通过对比,增大阀开度及缩短阀口到集成块交叉孔道的距离有助于减小集成块的能量损失,为集成块的设计提供一定的依据。     

液压缸悬臂结构料流调节阀的设计

料流调节阀能很好地满足高炉冶炼对布料的要求,本文介绍了液压缸悬臂结构料流调节阀的设计过程,对阀径、布料速度、转臂的受力等进行了计算,并根据料流量Q与开度α之间的函数关系,绘制了相应的料流曲线.为料流控制模型的建立提供了参考.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。