基于Elman神经网络的车削颤振预报函数构建

为了预报车削颤振现象,构建了再生型车削颤振的预报函数。分析再生型颤振机理的基础上得到了其稳定性叶瓣图,为颤振预报提供可能。利用Elman神经网络对获取的数控车削过程中从稳定车削阶段到车削颤振阶段的时域信号进行训练和测试,提出了均方误差作为判别颤振的特征量。为了更准确的进行颤振预报,引入符号函数来构建再生型车削颤振的预报函数,确定了预报函数的阈值为5.625并试验了在该预报函数阈值时的预报准确率为92%。最后从频率域中分析,根据颤振的特点侧面验证了所构建预报函数的正确性。     

应用单片机进行磨削颤振的预报和控制

应用 ８０９８ 单片机对普通外圆磨床进行改造。系统能根据输入进给量和进给速度自动控制磨床进给，实时采集力信号进行颤振预报，并进行变进给控制以进行颤振抑制。     

离散隐马尔可夫模型在颤振预报中的应用研究

对于切削过程中颤振孕育的动态模式,提出了基于离散隐马尔可夫模型(DHMM)的模式识别理论预报颤振的新方法。首先对切削过程的振动信号进行FFT特征提取,然后利用自组织特征映射(SOM)神经网络对提取的特征矢量进行冗余信息压缩与预分类编码;再根据多变量DHMM建模理论,对切削颤振孕育的各种过程模式建立相应的DHMM,把矢量编码作为观测序列引入到DHMM中进行机器学习、训练;最后将观测序列引入到DHMM中进行颤振孕育的概率识别尝试。实验表明,该方法对颤振孕育过程识别是十分有效的,颤振预报正确率达93.3%。     

镗削颤振快速预报技术研究

切削颤振切导致产品质量、生产效率、刀具和机床使用寿命的降低 ,同时造成噪声污染 ,影响操作者身心健康。随着工厂自动化发展 ,操作者日益远离加工现场 ,对切削颤振进行在线监视预报和控制变得越来越重要。但由于其发生发展的过程极其短暂 ,使颤振的在线预报十分困难。本文在讨论了镗削颤振发展机理的基础上 ,提出了一种基于神经网络进行颤振预报的新方法。用 L O- RBF模型进行传感信号预处理 ,结果输入 Fuzzy ARTMap模型进行颤振识别 ,大大缩短了信号处理时间 ,提高了识别的准确性 ,取得了满意的结果。     

基于均方频率与EMD的切削颤振特征提取方法

颤振对机床加工稳定性影响极大,严重制约机床加工效果和效率.为实现切削颤振的在线监测与预报,提出了一种基于均方频率与经验模态分解的颤振特征提取方法.通过对切削力信号进行频域分析,计算小波包颤振特征频带的均方频率占比系数作为特征T1;通过计算IMF分量与原信号的相关性,选择相关性强的IMF并计算能量熵作为特征T2.研究结果...     

基于多尺度排列熵的铣削颤振在线监测方法

排列熵是系统复杂性和规则性的一种测度,具有概念简单、稳健和计算速度快等优点。考虑到单尺度排列熵在反映铣削力信号特征方面的不足,通过试验分析提出基于单尺度排列熵和尺度4排列熵作指标的铣削颤振在线检测方法。通过试验验证,所提出的方法能有效地检测铣削颤振。同时基于多尺度排列熵的方法对于铣削力信号采集过程中的噪声、工艺参数变化等不敏感,因此这种方法适用于实际工业生产中的在线铣削颤振监测。     

基于连续小波和多类球支持向量机的颤振预报

研究了一种应用连续小波特征和多类球支持向量机进行铣削系统颤振预报的方法,该方法基于连续小波变换提取铣削振动信号的特征,利用多类球支持向量机对正常铣削状态、颤振孕育状态和颤振爆发状态的振动信号进行三分类识别,通过识别颤振孕育状态预测颤振爆发。试验结果表明,在铣削颤振识别与预测中,铣削振动信号的连续小波特征与多类球支持向量机相结合具有良好的识别颤振孕育状态和颤振爆发状态的能力,颤振孕育状态的识别正确率达95.0%,颤振爆发状态的识别正确率达97.5%。     

变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性实验研究

为了研究铣削过程中发生的颤振现象,以变齿距铣刀铣削作为一种颤振的控制策略,提出了一种预测变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性的算法。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,选择多组铣削参数组合进行铣削实验。通过对实验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。结果表明,该理论方法具有较好的变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性预测能力。     

基于Lempel-Ziv复杂度的车削颤振预报

为了预报车削颤振现象,搭建了车削颤振预报实验平台获取数控车削过程中从稳定车削阶段到车削颤振阶段的时域信号,利用L-Z复杂度算法计算稳定车削阶段、过渡阶段及车削颤振阶段的复杂度,并根据"6σ原则"划分了这三个阶段的复杂度区间。分析结果表明在过渡阶段复杂度最大,复杂度区间为(0.835 3,0.837 0);其次是稳定车削阶段,其复杂度区间为(0.799 8,0.800 2);车削颤振阶段的复杂度最小,其复杂度区间为(0.755 4,0.755 7)。L-Z复杂度指标将非线性非平稳的车床振动状态量化,能准确的识别和区分不同车削状态,用于车削颤振预报。     

变螺旋铣刀铣削稳定性实验研究

颤振是制约铣削加工效率和零件加工质量的主要因素。变螺旋铣刀铣削作为一种有效的颤振控制策略,在研究铣削过程发生颤振等现象中受到广泛关注。在此基础上,提出了一种预测变螺距铣刀铣削稳定性预测模型。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,针对不同轴向铣削深度和主轴转速,选择了39组铣削参数组合,并进行了铣削实验。通过对实验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察了实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。实验结果表明,该理论方法具有较好的变螺旋铣刀铣削稳定性的预测能力。     

金属切削加工的颤振及避振分析

针对规避切削颤振问题,应用相对切削速度概念,提出了速度型动态切削力表达式以及车削或镗削的振动力学模型。通过对速度型动态切削力分析,解释了切削颤振产生的机理,给出了颤振发生的必要和充分条件。同时指出,在较大的切削速度范围内,存在一个或两个相对稳定的切削速度区域。如果公称切削速度处于该稳定区域,即使背吃刀量较大,系统也不易发生颤振。这种相对稳定的切削速度区域是可以预估的,文中给出了预估公式及预估方法,并由实验分析验证。依据能量原理提出的极限背吃刀量指标是预防颤振发生的有效预估指标,极限背吃刀量的表达式也解释了变速切削技术抑制颤振的原理。     

Development of chatter detection in milling processes

The aim of this research is to develop an in-process detection of the chatter for the actual milling processes regardless of any cutting condition within the small data processing time by utilizing the dynamic cutting forces obtained during cutting. The proposed method introduces three parameters, which are calculated and obtained by taking the ratio of the average variances of the dynamic cutting forces of three force components, to identify the chatter. The algorithm was developed and implemented on five-axis computer numerical control machining center to detect the chatter in ball-end milling and end milling processes. The chatter and the nonchatter can be simply detected during the in-process cutting by mapping the obtained values of three parameters in the reference feature spaces regarding the determined threshold values. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can be effectively used to detect the chatter during cutting even though the cutting conditions are changed.     

A novel chatter stability criterion for the modelling and simulation of the dynamic milling process in the time domain

The modelling of the dynamic processes in milling and the determination of chatter-free cutting conditions are becoming increasingly important in order to facilitate the effective planning of machining operations. In this study, a new chatter stability criterion is proposed, which can be used for a time domain milling process simulation and a model-based milling process control. A predictive time domain model is presented for the simulation and analysis of the dynamic cutting process and chatter in milling. The instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is modelled to include the dynamic modulations caused by the tool vibrations so that the dynamic regeneration effect is taken into account. The cutting force is determined by using a predictive machining theory. A numerical method is employed to solve the differential equations governing the dynamics of the milling system. The work proposes that the ratio of the predicted maximum dynamic cutting force to the predicted maximum static cutting force can be used as a criterion for the chatter stability. Comparisons between the simulation and experimental results are given to verify the new model.     

CONTINUITY AND BREAK OF CHATTER VIBRATION STATUS

By turning a specifically designed conical part, complete process of metal cutting, in which the chatter occurs and expands, is recorded and analyzed. This process exposes that chatter vibration has two characters called continuity and break. The continuity character means that vibration extent enlarges continuously while chatter frequency is almost changeless as the cutting depth extends downwards continuously. The break one is that chatter frequency moves rapidly downwards to a lower level while chatter remains after the cutting depth reach another given value. It is confirmed through an exciting test that the two chatter frequencies obtained in chatter test belong to the natural frequencies of workpiece system and cutting tool system respectively. From the viewpoints of chatter energy supplying and chatter mass effect, the. chatter should occur on one of the two final executive components in its natural frequency. On this basis, a new chatter model with two chatter active bodies is proposed. This new model can better explain the above phenomenon, and adapt to chatter monitoring and improvement of component structure well.     

Prediction of regenerative chatter in the high-speed vertical milling of thin-walled workpiece made of titanium alloy

With the wide application of high-speed cutting technology, high-speed machining approach of titanium alloy has become one of the most effective ways to improve processing efficiency and to reduce the processing cost, but the cutting chatter which often occurs in the cutting process not only affects the machining surface quality but also reduces the production efficiency. Regenerative chatter is a typical phenomenon during actual cutting, and it has the greatest impact on the cutting process. With the purpose of avoiding regenerative chatter and selecting appropriate cutting parameters to achieve a steady cutting process and a high surface quality, it is necessary to determine the critical boundary conditions where chatter occurs. Built on the work of previous theoretical researches of regenerative chatter, this paper utilized Visual C++ software to calculate the chatter stability domain during the finish machining of titanium alloy. It was shown that the border between a stable cut and an unstable cut can be visualized in terms of the axial depth of cut as a function of the spindle speed. Using the result, it can find the specific combination of machining parameters, which lead to the maximum chatter-free material removal rate. In order to verify the result, the high-speed milling experiment of an I-shaped thin-walled workpiece made of titanium alloy was conducted. It revealed that the actual machining result was consistent with the calculation prediction. This study will offer a useful guide for effective parameter selection in future CNC machining applications.     

Proposal of novel spindle speed variation profile with constant acceleration rate for improvement of chatter stability

Spindle speed variation (SSV) is one of the effective methods which suppresses regenerative chatter. However, regenerative chatter can grow even if SSV is applied. In the previous work, the chatter growth characteristics in SSV were clarified. The chatter frequency changes proportionally to the varying spindle speed, and it causes the change of the magnitude of the dynamic compliance. Hence, chatter can be suppressed through SSV since the dynamic compliance usually reduces as the chatter frequency changes. A greater compliance reduction can be obtained by a higher rate of spindle speeds in two consecutive revolutions at the same angular position, i.e., acceleration rate. From the investigations in the previous work, limitation of the conventionally utilized SSV profiles is found as follows: the acceleration rate always fluctuates with speed variation and the chatter vibration grows where the acceleration rate is insufficient for suppression, and hence suppressing chatter in all sections of SSV is difficult. In this paper, a new SSV profile with a constant acceleration rate, namely CAR-SSV, is proposed to overcome the limitation of chatter stability improvement by utilizing conventional SSV profiles. The magnitude of the acceleration rate is kept constant to realize the chatter suppression effect throughout the cutting process. Through time-domain simulation and cutting experiments, the chatter stability of CAR-SSV is investigated based on the previously introduced chatter stability evaluation indices. Influence of the parameters of CAR-SSV on the stability is investigated, and an appropriate strategy for setting SSV parameters to achieve higher stability is discussed. In addition, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed profile, the stabilities of conventional SSV profiles and CAR-SSV are compared through time-domain simulations and cutting experiments.     

频段能量法及其在切削状态实时监测中的应用

本文提出一种新的切削状态实时监测的信号处理方法——频段能量法,它能有效地提取切削状态的信号特征,解决传统数字式谱分析中精度与实时性之间的矛盾,具有迅速、准确、抗干扰、易设定相对阈值和适应面广等优点。所建立的微机监测系统已初步实现了对刀具磨损阶段、刀具破损和切削颤振的实时监测。     

Automatic selection of spindle speed for suppression of regenerative chatter in turning

The paper presents a new spindle speed regulation method to avoid regenerative chatter in turning operations. It is not necessary to analyse complex cutting dynamics to search for stable spindle speeds to eliminate regenerative chatter. The metal removal rate is also greatly improved by using this method. The stability lobe diagram for the stability limit of chip width and chatter frequency versus spindle speed is derived by using the Nyquist stability criterion. It is shown that stable spindle speeds can be automatically obtained when the chatter frequency is found. Computational simulations and experimental cutting tests are performed to illustrate the proposed method.     

Chatter stability prediction in milling using time-varying uncertainties

The chatter stability in milling severely affects productivity and quality of machining. Tool wear causes both the cutting coefficient and the process damping coefficient, but also other parameters to change with cutting time. This variation greatly reduces the accuracy of chatter prediction using conventional methods. To solve this problem, we consider the cutting coefficients of the milling system to be both random and time-varying variables and we use the gamma process to predict cutting coefficients for different cutting times. In this paper, a time-varying reliability analysis is introduced to predict chatter stability and chatter reliability in milling. The relationship between stability and reliability is investigated for given depths and spindle speeds in the milling process. We also study the time-varying chatter stability and time-varying chatter reliability methods theoretically and with experiments. The results of this study show that the proposed method can be used to predict chatter with high accuracy for different cutting times.     

Chatter prevention for milling process by acoustic signal feedback

This paper presents how real-time chatter prevention can be realized by feedback of acoustic cutting signal, and the efficacy of the proposed adaptive spindle speed tuning algorithm is verified as well. The conventional approach to avoid chatter is to select a few appropriate operating points according to the stability lobes by experiments and then always use these preset cutting conditions. For most cases, the tremble measurement, obtained by accelerometers or dynamometers, is merely to monitor spindle vibration or detect the cutting force, respectively. In fact, these on-line measures can be more useful, instead of always being passive. Furthermore, most of these old-fashioned methodologies are invasive, expensive, and cumbersome at the milling stations. On the contrary, the acoustic cutting signal, which is fed into the data acquisition interface, Module DS1104 by dSPACE, so that an active feedback loop for spindle speed compensation can be easily established in this research, is non-invasive, inexpensive, and convenient to facilitate. In this research, both the acoustic chatter signal index (ACSI) and spindle-speed compensation strategy (SSCS) are proposed to quantify the acoustic signal and compensate the spindle speed, respectively. By converting the acoustic feedback signal into ACSI, an appropriate spindle speed compensation rate (SSCR) can be determined by SSCS based on real-time chatter level. Accordingly, the compensation command, referred to as added-on voltage (AOV), is applied to actively tune the spindle motor speed. By employing commercial software MATLAB/Simulink and DS1104 interface module to implement the intelligent controller, the proposed chatter prevention algorithm is practically verified by intensive experiments. By inspection on the precision and quality of the workpiece surface after milling, the efficacy of the real-time chatter prevention strategy via acoustic signal feedback is further examined and definitely assured.