二次受力下自密实混凝土加固RC梁受弯性能研究

为模拟实际工程中加固构件的真实承载能力,实验在原混凝土构件持续受荷状态下,采用自密实混凝土对构件进行加固、养护。共进行了7根二次受力下自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土梁和2根对比梁的受弯性能试验,研究了不同初始受力水平、不同加固厚度及不同界面处理方式对加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力和截面刚度的影响。试验量测了构件裂缝分布形态、荷载-挠度曲线、钢筋应变发展规律等。结果表明:采用自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土梁,能有效地提高钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力、截面刚度等性能;二次受力下自密实混凝土加固梁抗弯承载力随着初始受力水平的增大而降低。在试验结果的基础上,基于平截面假定,提出了二次受力下自密实混凝土加固梁钢筋滞后应变及抗弯承载力计算式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

重复荷载下高延性混凝土加固受损混凝土无腹筋梁受弯性能试验研究

通过不同高延性混凝土(HDC)加固厚度,对10根受损严重的钢筋混凝土无腹筋梁采用HDC进行加固,并进行了重复荷载作用下正截面受弯试验,研究了不同厚度的HDC对受损无腹筋梁的受弯承载力以及变形性能的影响。试验梁采用三面U形加固方式,试验过程中观察加固梁的裂缝分布形态、荷载-位移曲线等试验变化情况。试验结果表明,采用HDC加固钢筋混凝土梁,会使梁的破坏形态由脆性破坏向延性破坏转变,加固梁的承载力、延性和耗能能力都得到显著提高。与HDC加固层厚度为0的梁相比,加固厚度为1 cm、1.5 cm和2 cm的梁,承载力分别提高了19.8%、32.7%以及46.3%,而残余变形值分别减少了8.96%、13.3%和20.47%。根据加载试验得出的试验结果,以及通过将受压区曲线应力图形等效为矩形应力图形的方法,推导出了简单实用的不同HDC厚度加固受损混凝土无腹筋梁在重复荷载下的极限承载公式,且计算值和试验值吻合较好。     

配筋聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥复合材料梁的曲率延性

聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥（Polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced cement,PVA/C）复合材料具有优越的受拉应变硬化特性,可显著提高结构的变形能力。本文以PVA纤维体积分数和受拉钢筋配筋率为研究参数,对6根配筋PVA/C梁和2根普通混凝土梁（RC）进行四点弯曲试验,并对其曲率延性进行了试验研究和理论分析。试验研究表明:配筋PVA/C梁的荷载-挠度（P-δ）关系曲线所包围的面积是C梁的1.64~2.43倍,证明配筋PVA/C梁有较好的持荷变形能力;在PVA纤维体积分数一定的情况下,试验梁的曲率延性系数随受拉钢筋配筋率的增大而减小;在受拉钢筋配筋率一定的情况下,配筋PVA/C梁的曲率延性系数是C梁的1.56~2.02倍,证明掺入PVA纤维显著提高了试验梁的延性。建立了配筋PVA/C梁曲率延性系数的计算公式,并分析了PVA纤维体积分数对受压区高度系数和曲率延性系数的影响,试验结果与计算结果吻合较好。      

混凝土双向受弯构件的抗剪强度

本文在１２根的腹筋钢筋混凝土简支梁受集中荷载作用下的试验研究的基础上，应用极限平衡原理推导了钢筋混凝土双向受弯拉件抗剪强度的计算式，计算结果与试验实测结果符合良好。     

钢-竹组合工字形梁界面滑移及变形分析

基于初等梁变形理论和界面滑移与应变差关系,建立了钢-竹组合工字形梁界面相对滑移微分方程,推导出3种常见荷载作用下的组合梁钢-竹界面滑移和应变差解析解,在此基础上依据虚功原理提出了界面滑移引起的跨中附加挠度理论计算公式,从而形成了钢-竹组合工字形梁考虑滑移效应的跨中挠度计算方法,进一步通过6根梁的模型试验,探讨了界面应变差、界面滑移分布以及组合梁变形,并与试验结果进行了比较。理论分析和试验研究结果表明:钢-竹界面应变差的理论计算值与试验结果吻合较好,受压区和受拉区应变差分布基本相同;组合梁的纯弯区段,界面滑移曲线斜率增大,而弯剪区段则逐渐减小,界面滑移在梁端达到最大值,且在整个弯剪区段保持较大水平,因此在该区域布置连接件,可有效提高组合梁的整体工作性能;考虑界面滑移效应后的理论分析结果与未考虑滑移效应的换算截面法相比,更接近组合梁真实的变形,平均误差由11.5%减小为1.64%,随着变形的增大,基于界面滑移效应的钢-竹组合梁变形分析方法的优越性将更为突出。     

碳纤维布加固复合受力钢筋混凝土箱梁抗扭性能的非线性有限元分析

采用有限元方法对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土构件进行非线性分析,是对有限的试验研究的有效补充和进一步深入探讨。根据4根碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁的试验研究结果,建立了合理的三维有限元模型,对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁在弯剪扭复合受力下的抗扭性能进行了非线性有限元分析。计算得到的扭矩-扭转角关系曲线、钢筋和碳纤维布的应变曲线以及界面粘接单元的恢复力曲线等与试验结果吻合较好,可以较好地模拟碳纤维布加固箱梁的受扭性能。进一步通过对7根数值梁的计算结果分析,提出碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁在复合受力下的剪扭相关性符合直线方程。     

配筋钢纤维混凝土扁梁的变形研究

本文通过１０根配筋钢纤维砼梁的试验，探讨了钢纤维砼扁梁的受力和变形性能，及变形计算，指出在钢筋砼扁梁中掺入适量的钢纤维中，改善了扁梁砼的结构性能，提高了梁的整体性及其受弯刚度，减小了挠度。并通过梁的变形实测值与计算值的比较，认为用现行钢纤维砼规程（ＣＥＣＳ３８：９２）变形计算公式用于计算配筋钢纤维砼扁梁是可行的。     

高延性混凝土加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究及承载力计算

为研究高延性混凝土(HDC)加固钢筋混凝土梁的受剪性能,该文对7根HDC加固梁及4根未加固梁进行静力试验,研究剪跨比、配箍率、加固层厚度和加固层附加箍筋对钢筋混凝土梁破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线、受剪承载力以及裂缝的影响。结果表明:采用HDC面层对钢筋混凝土梁进行受剪加固,可以显著提高梁的受剪承载力;HDC面层可以代替部分箍筋的受剪作用,改善钢筋混凝土梁的剪切破坏形态;加固试件在达到极限位移之后,试件的完整性较好,剩余承载力较高。基于试验结果,利用桁架-拱模型,提出了HDC加固钢筋混凝土梁的受剪承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

高延性混凝土加固RC梁抗剪性能试验研究

为利用高延性混凝土（HDC）良好的拉伸和剪切变形能力,提高无腹筋钢筋混凝土梁的受剪性能,该文通过对9根HDC加固梁、1根高性能复合砂浆加固梁及3根未加固梁进行静力试验,研究剪跨比、加固层厚度和加固层是否配置箍筋对梁破坏形态、受剪承载力及变形能力的影响。结果表明:采用HDC面层对无腹筋梁进行抗剪加固,可以显著提高梁的抗剪承载力和变形能力;HDC面层可代替部分箍筋的抗剪作用,改善无腹筋梁的剪切破坏形态,并提高梁的剪压比限值;HDC加固层越厚,其受剪承载力和变形能力提高越明显,但加固层厚度较大时,需采用措施防止HDC面层间发生剥离破坏;HDC面层配置附加箍筋,可进一步提高试件的受剪承载力和耐损伤能力。基于试验结果,该文提出了HDC加固试件的受剪承载力计算公式,其计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

钢筋混凝土筒体结构裙深梁非线性分析简化模型

提出并推导了钢筋混凝土梁剪压区剪切模量的简化折减系数,提出了非线性剪切变形的简化计算方法,采用三分段杆单元模型可对钢筋混凝土筒体结构裙深梁进行非线性分析,最后提供了两个算例,并与试验结果比较,表明方法的合理性。     

全预应力混凝土梁长期变形计算

与部分预应力混凝土梁相比,全预应力混凝土梁全截面受压且压应力较高,由于混凝土收缩徐变产生的梁长期变形也更大。该文从按龄期调整的有效模量法出发,将梁沿长度方向细分单元,细分单元长度为截面高度的1倍～2倍,锁定单元节点,分别计算混凝土的收缩、徐变以及预应力筋的松驰对其产生的强迫力值;释放强迫力,并将其反向作用于节点上,求出此时的截面时随应变和附加曲率,进而推导出可用于求解任意时刻的全预应力混凝土梁长期变形的计算公式。基于该课题组和其他研究者试验结果,对该文及国内外规范的计算公式进行了对比分析,结果表明:该文公式计算值与试验结果吻合良好;国内外规范计算值与试验结果的平均误差则明显偏大,且计算结果偏于不安全。     

Creep and drying shrinkage characteristics of concrete produced with coarse recycled concrete aggregate

Laboratory tests are performed to investigate the effects of a new method of mixture proportioning on the creep and shrinkage characteristics of concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). In this method, RCA is treated as a two component composite material consisting of residual mortar and natural aggregate; accordingly, when proportioning the concrete mixture, the relative amount and properties of each component are individually considered. The test variables include the mixture proportioning method, and the aggregate type. The results show that the amounts of creep and shrinkage in concretes made with coarse RCA, and proportioned by the new method, are comparable to, or even lower than, those in similar concretes made entirely with natural aggregates. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by applying the proposed “residual mortar factor” to the existing ACI and CEB methods for calculating creep or shrinkage of conventional concrete, these methods could be also applied to predict the creep and shrinkage of RCA-concrete.     

1年持续载荷下GFRP-混凝土组合梁长期性能试验

玻璃纤维增强树脂(GFRP)-混凝土组合梁由上部混凝土板和下部GFRP型材以及连接二者的抗剪连接件组成。开展了2根GFRP-混凝土组合梁(非预应力及施加体外预应力组合梁各1根)在1年持续载荷下行为的试验研究。考虑混凝土收缩徐变及GFRP型材蠕变耦合的影响,开展了50年的24根GFRP-混凝土组合梁时随有限元参数分析。结果表明:在1年持续载荷下,非预应力与施加体外预应力组合梁长期挠度分别为其初始挠度的1.42倍及2.91倍;非预应力与预应力组合梁中连接件的长期滑移分别为0.230 mm及0.164 mm,相比初始滑移2种组合梁的最终滑移分别增加了53.3%和58.2%;50年后,非预应力组合梁长期挠度与初始挠度的比值在1.50~1.56之间;而施加体外预应力组合梁长期挠度与初始挠度的比值在3.03~6.08之间。基于以上研究提出了GFRP-混凝土组合梁长期挠度的计算建议。      

钢-混凝土组合梁收缩徐变分析的有限元方法

基于按龄期调整的有效模量法,提出了部分剪力连接钢-混凝土组合梁在长期荷载作用下收缩徐变分析的简化有限元模型,并通过建立特殊的剪力连接件单元刚度矩阵和利用Newton-Raphson迭代方法考虑滑移效应,同时考虑了负弯矩区混凝土板开裂对组合梁刚度和强度的影响。利用该模型计算了连续组合梁在长期荷载作用下的挠度、应力、滑移量,计算结果与已有的理论计算结果和实验结果吻合,证明本模型用于分析钢-混凝土组合梁收缩徐变是可靠的。     

Role of differential shrinkage and creep in time dependent behaviour of composite members

The time dependent behaviour of composite prestressed concrete beams depends upon the presence of differential shrinkage and creep of the concretes of web and deck, in addition to other parameters, such as relaxation of steel, presence of untensioned steel, and compression steel etc. In view of the interrelationships among these various parameters, it is proposed to isolate the effects of differential shrinkage and creep from other parameters by studying the behaviour of composite prisms under sustained load. The stresses and strains in composite prisms made up of two different concretes under sustained load are analytically determined using varying stiffness method of analysis. Creep and shrinkage characteristics of the two concretes are obtained from preliminary experiments using C.E.B. and also A.C.I. recommendations. The analytical results are found to be in close agreement with the experimental values obtained on three concrete prisms under sustained load for 160 days and thus also confirm the method of analysis.     

Practical prediction of creep and shrinkage of high strength concrete

Model for practical prediction of creep and shrinkage of normal strength concrete, developed previously, is extended to high strength concrete. It is found that only a minor adjustment for the concrete strength effect is needed in the formulas for drying creep. The formulas for basic creep and shrinkage need no adjustment. The prediction model is compared with test data for creep and shrinkage obtained recently by Ngab, Nilson and Slate, and by Collepardi, Corradi and Valente, and a satisfactory agreement is demonstrated. The coefficient of variation of the deviations from test data is not larger than that for the normal cient of variation of the deviations from test data is not larger than that for the normal strength range. However, the existing data are rather limited and further testing is desirable.     

无粘结预应力高性能粉煤灰混凝土桥梁收缩与徐变变形试验研究

结合洛湛线的建设,以8根不同掺量的高性能粉煤灰混凝土无粘结预应力桥梁的收缩、徐变试验为基础,研究了不同掺量高性能粉煤灰混凝土在荷载长期作用下收缩、徐变性能及其上拱随时间的变化规律,探讨了温度、湿度等环境因素对不同掺量高性能粉煤灰混凝土收缩、徐变的影响。300多天的实验观测结果表明:高性能粉煤灰掺量20%～40%混凝土梁不但具有良好的工作性能和力学性能,而且长期性能良好,与同强度的未掺高性能粉煤灰的梁相比,其后期强度和抗压弹性模量增大,收缩徐变减小,具有良好的社会和经济效益。     

Stress–strain and deflection relationships of RC beam bonded with FRPs under sustained load

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems that have a strong resistance against long-term deformation must provide improved serviceability to reinforced concrete (RC) members under sustained loads. Consequently, there is a need to develop a method for accurately predicting the time-dependent behavior of RC beams that are externally bonded with FRPs. However, there are very few previous studies that have been carried out or experimental results available, on the time-dependent behavior of RC beams externally bonded with FRP. In order to enable a reasonable prediction, correlations should first be clarified between the stress–strain relationship of the concrete, the reinforcement and the FRP that changes over time. By using these correlations, deflections under sustained loads should then be forecast. In this study, RC beams were fabricated for this purpose. Carbon reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials were bonded to the tension face of the two respective RC beams. The beams were then placed under sustained loads for 300 days. For the specimens that were externally bonded with FRPs and for the conventional specimen, the strain of the compression and tension reinforcement and the strain of FRP and deflection were measured respectively for comparison. In order to theoretically predict the time-dependent behavior of the RC Beam externally bonded with FRPs, creep coefficients for concrete and shrinkage strains were calculated by using the CEB-FIP and the ACI-209 Codes. For the method used to forecast the stress–strain relationships of the concrete, reinforcement and FRPs that change over time were theoretically clarified and were then compared with the experimental results. The deflection of the RC Beams externally bonded with FRP was predicted by using the ACI 318 Standard, EMM, AEMM, Branson’s method, and Mayer’s method. They were also compared to the experimental results. Subsequently, in the case of RC Beams externally bonded with FRPs under sustained loads, the proposed method proved that it is possible to accurately predict long-term deformations.     

大面积混凝土梁板结构温度应力分析的徐变应力折减系数法

本文对大面积混凝土梁板结构温度应力分析方法进行探讨,从混凝土徐变计算的龄期调整有效模量法(T-B法)出发,通过对比典型框架在混凝土收缩及温度变化作用下的弹性和徐变解析解,提出了框架结构约束系数和徐变应力折减系数的概念及计算方法,结合框架结构空间弹性有限元分析,得到了大面积混凝土梁板结构温度应力分析的徐变应力折减系数法。与现场长期测试结果的比较表明,该法计算简便,计算结果与测试结果有较好的一致性,可以满足工程设计精度要求。     

Creep and drying shrinkage of concrete containing GGBFS

Experiments were conducted on 150 × 600 mm cylindrical specimens to investigate creep and drying shrinkage of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The creep strain was measured for 150 days under a constant sustained load. The creep strain recovery was measured for one subsequent month after the removal of the sustained load. The shrinkage strain was also measured for 180 days. The amount of cement replacement by GGBFS was 20%, 40% and 60% by weight of cement. The test results indicate that higher GGBFS percentage exhibits higher creep and shrinkage strains. At 150 days of sustained loading, the average creep coefficients of 20%, 40% and 60% GGBFS concrete are 16.3%, 33.3% and 55.2% higher than plain concrete. In the absence of a creep and shrinkage prediction model for GGBFS concrete, a modification factor is suggested for incorporating the effect of GGBFS proportion in the existing models. The available models for predicting creep and shrinkage strain of plain concrete are compared.