镁合金AZ31B板材热拉深成形工艺参数优化

在不同温度、不同压边力和不同拉深速度下，针对厚度为0．8mm的AZ31B镁合金板材的成形性能用有限元分析软件进行模拟与分析。在25～220℃的温度范围内，采用直径为140mm的坯料进行冲压成形，研究成形温度、拉深速度以及压边力对AZ31B镁合金板成形性能的影响。结果表明：成形温度为200℃时的极限拉深比达到了2.8；成形温度在200℃以下时，随着成形温度的升高。镁合金板材的成形性能越来越好。这证明AZ31B镁合金具有良好的热拉深性能；此外，拉深速度和压边力对AZ31B镁合金的拉深成形也有重要影响。     

AZ31与ME20M镁合金板料热拉深性能实验研究

在不同成形温度、拉深速度、润滑条件下对1．2mm厚的AZ31镁合金板料与3mm厚的ME20M镁合金板料进行热拉深性能实验研究。实验表明：AZ31镁板的最佳成形温度为215℃，而ME20M镁板在250℃以上成形性能才随温度的升高明显改善，说明稀土元素对镁合金的室温拉深性能影响很小，但却显著提高镁合金的高温拉深性能，同时也说明镁合金板料具有较佳的轻薄结构成形性；两种镁合金板料热拉深成形性能都对拉深速度敏感．有润滑条件比无润滑条件成形性能要好。通过对成形件传力区部位金相实验分析得知，合理控制热拉深实验参数，能改善成形件微观组织，进而保证成形件质量。     

镁合金板材的固体颗粒介质拉深工艺参数

提出基于固体颗粒介质成形(SGMF)工艺的镁合金板材差温拉深工艺,并展开试验研究。通过对AZ31B镁合金薄板进行差温拉深成形试验,研究了成形温度、拉深速度、压边力、压边间隙、凹模圆角和润滑条件对拉深性能的影响,确定AZ31B镁合金板料最佳成形工艺参数。结果表明:该工艺可显著提高镁合金板材的成形性能,成形温度及拉深速度对板料拉深性能影响较大,板料最佳成形温度区间为290～310℃,颗粒介质与板料理想温差为110～150℃;压边力和压边间隙对拉深性能产生联合影响;此外,凹模圆角和润滑条件也对拉深性能有一定的影响。当上述工艺参数达到最佳值时成功拉深出极限拉深比(LDR)为2.41的工件。     

纯钼板材真空环境高温拉深性能研究

在25~870℃温度范围内进行了厚度为2.0 mm纯钼板的单向拉伸试验,建立了高温拉深有限元分析模型。通过数值模拟与试验对比分析,确定了纯钼板高温变形摩擦与温度的关系,研究了成形温度、润滑、压边间隙和模具尺寸对热拉深工艺的影响,并采用优化的工艺参数进行了平底杯形冲头热拉深试验。结果表明,润滑条件对纯钼板热拉深影响最显著,其次是成形温度;在成形温度870℃,拉深速度30 mm/min,有润滑,压边间隙2.5 mm的参数组合下,最大拉深比可达1.94。     

AZ31B镁合金方盒形件拉深成形工艺参数研究

针对AZ31B镁合金方盒形件进行拉深成形工艺试验,分析了单个工艺参数的变化对盒形件拉深成形过程的影响,在其他因素不变的条件下,凹模温度在150~300℃范围内,成形深度随温度升高而增大,在300℃时成形深度达到最大值;凸模温度保持在120℃左右,差温拉深效果较为明显;压边间隙调整到1.3t(t为板材厚度)时,拉深深度最大;拉深速度在30 mm·min-1时成形深度最大。确定了影响拉深成形深度的各工艺参数的先后顺序为:压边间隙、凸模温度、凹模温度和拉深速度。运用正交试验方法进行各工艺参数优化组合,结果表明,采用最优工艺参数组合可以提高AZ31B镁合金方盒形件拉深成形的成形深度。     

AZ31镁合金铸轧板材热拉深工艺研究

用拉伸试验机测试了AZ31镁合金铸轧板材的高温力学性能和直角弯曲性能,并对镁合金铸轧板材进行了热拉深试验,研究了拉深温度、拉深速率、压边间隙、润滑方式等工艺参数对板材成形性能的影响。试验结果表明,AZ31镁合金铸轧板材适合于200℃以上拉深,且最小弯曲半径小于4mm,最佳拉深工艺条件为,拉深温度225℃～275℃,拉深速率50mm/min～100mm/min,压边间隙1.125t～1.15t,采用固体润滑剂PTFE,可以得到最大极限拉深比为2.95。     

AZ31镁合金复杂形状壳体拉深成形试验研究

通过拉深成形试验研究了AZ31镁合金复杂形状壳体的成形性能,分析了成形温度、拉深速度、坯料加热时间及润滑等工艺参数对镁合金手枪壳体拉深成形件质量的影响规律.结果表明,合理的成形工艺参数:成形温度为290～350 ℃,拉深速度为0.1～0.2 mm/s,加热时间为5～10 min,润滑剂采用二硫化钼和机油的混合物,成功地加工出合格的复杂形状的镁合金手枪壳体.     

AZ31、AZ91镁合金薄板热拉伸成形规律的实验研究

设计了正交实验表,对AZ31和AN91镁合金薄板试样,在万能实验机上进行了在线加热拉伸实验,分析了成形温度、拉深速度、压边力和毛坯直径对拉伸成形极限高度的影响规律,得到了AZ31和AZ91镁合金薄板最佳拉伸工艺参数范围,即成形温度为180℃,拉伸速度为10 mm/min,压边力为2000N,毛坯直径为85mm.本研究能为镁合金拉伸件的生产提供理论依据.     

AZ31B铸轧镁合金板材的预变形温热拉深

针对AZ31B铸轧镁合金板材温热拉深性能差的问题,提出预变形温热拉深工艺。对AZ31B铸轧镁合金板材在20～220℃进行预变形温热拉深实验研究。结果表明:预变形使铸轧镁合金板材的拉深性能明显改善,使AZ31B铸轧镁合金板材具有最佳拉深性能的冲头温度范围(20～95℃);凹模温度选择在160～220℃范围内,铸轧镁合金板材具有良好的拉深性能,极限拉深比可达到2.26;随着拉深成形温度的升高,工件中动态再结晶晶粒数量逐渐增加,220℃拉深成形时工件中再结晶晶粒分布趋于均匀。     

AZ31及ZE10镁合金板拉胀复合成形的研究

对AZ31及ZE10镁合金板在20．300℃条件下进行了力学性能、弯曲及锥杯试验。研究结果表明：随着变形温度升高，镁合金板材强度下降而塑性、弯曲性能、“拉深＋胀形”复合成形性能明显改善。ZE10镁合金板比AZ31镁合金板具有更好的弯曲及拉胀复合成形性能。200℃、250℃试验时，ZE10镁合金锥杯试样可顺利拉深进入锥杯底部圆孔而不出现裂纹。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.