熔盐法制备Bi4Ti3O12的研究

采用NaCl-KCl熔盐法制备了各向异性的Bi4Ti3O12粉体和陶瓷，研究了熔盐含量对粉体尺寸、形貌以及陶瓷的显微组织结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明采用熔盐法可制备出纯Bi4Ti3O12相的粉体和陶瓷，随熔盐含量增加，钛酸铋粉体尺寸及各向异性的程度明显增大；烧结后的Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷晶粒呈片状，且随熔盐含量的增加，钛酸铋陶瓷产生织构；对陶瓷介电性能的研究表明随熔盐含量增加，钛酸铋陶瓷的绝缘电阻率和介电常数增大，介电损耗减小．     

A位非化学计量对BiNbO4陶瓷性能的影响

为了研究烧成过程中可能的Bi挥发对BiNbO4系材料造成的影响,对A位非化学计量的Bi(1+x)NbO4材料烧结性能、晶相结构、显微织构及微波介电性能作了详细研究,结果表明,A位Bi少量缺量可以促进BiNbO4陶瓷晶粒的生长,使其烧结温度降低,烧结样品的晶相组成仍为正交-BiNbO4相,微波介电性能有所改善;A位Bi过量对BiNbO4陶瓷的烧结性没有明显影响,Bi过量达0.030时,烧结样品内有富Bi的Bi5Nb3O15第二相产生,样品的微波介电性能急剧恶化。     

（Bi2O3、ZnO）对（Zr0．8Sn0．2）TiO4介电性能的影响

采用常规固相合成工艺研究了添加剂Bi2O3、ZnO等对(Zr0.8Sn0.2)TiO4的烧结性能、微观结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明,陶瓷的烧结温度随着Bi2O3含量的增大而降低,而陶瓷的最大烧结密度随着Bi2O3的增大而增大;当w(Bi2O3)>3%时,其烧结可降低至1175℃;各种材料配方均能烧结出致密的陶瓷.陶瓷的介电常数随着Bi2O3含量的增大而略有增大,但增加幅度较小;而材料的介电损耗则随Bi2O3含量的增大而增加,且增大幅度较大.当w(ZnO)=1%、w(Bi2O3)=3%时,可在1190℃获得致密的陶瓷,在测试频率1 MHz下,介电常数约41,介电损耗为1.5×10-4,其综合微波介电性能最佳.     

TiO_2对BLT微波介质陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用传统固相烧结工艺制备了BaO-La2O3-nTiO2(n为3,4,5和6)微波介质陶瓷,研究了该系陶瓷的相组成、微观形貌和微波介电性能之间的关系。结果表明:该系陶瓷具有较优介电性能的主晶相为斜方晶系BaLa2Ti4O12,并且第二相的存在对其介电性能影响明显。烧结体致密性是Q·f及τf的重要影响因素。当n为4时,获得相对较优的介电性能:εr为139.7,Q·f为1239.0GHz和τf达180.0×10–6℃–1。     

Sr0.3Ba0.7Bi3.7La0.3Ti4O15铁电陶瓷的烧结及介电性能

采用两步烧结工艺制备Sr0.3Ba0.7Bi3.7La0.3Ti4O15铁电陶瓷,研究了烧结工艺对陶瓷的晶相和介电性能的影响。结果表明:适当提高最高温度、保温温度和保温时间可改善陶瓷的介电性能。当最高温度为1180～1200℃,在1050～1080℃保温5～15h时,其εr为238～262,tanδ小于10–2,σ为1.0×10–11～10–12S·m–1。该烧结工艺可减少铋的挥发,降低氧空位浓度,因而减弱了陶瓷的高温低频耗散现象。随着保温时间的增加,高温电导得到有效抑制,在1050℃保温15h样品的σ降低了一个数量级,在280℃时为5.2×10–9S·m–1。     

Li_2O-B_2O_3-SiO_2玻璃掺杂对BZN陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用传统的固相反应法制备了Li2O-B2O3-Si O2(LBS)玻璃掺杂的(Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7(BZN)陶瓷,研究了LBS作为烧结助剂对BNZ陶瓷的烧结特性、晶相组成、微观结构以及介电性能的影响。结果表明,添加少量LBS玻璃后的陶瓷试样中没有出现第二相,主晶相仍为立方焦绿石结构。烧结助剂能有效降低BZN陶瓷的烧结温度,当LBS质量分数为0.6%时,陶瓷试样的烧结温度降到900℃,制备的试样具有良好的介电性能:相对介电常数为159,介质损耗为8×10–4(1 MHz)。     

钨掺杂CaBi4Ti4O15基陶瓷的介电和铁电性能研究

用固相反应法制备了钨掺杂的铋层状结构铁电陶瓷Ca0.7La0.3Bi4(Ti1–xWx)4O15(x=0,0.025,0.100和0.200)。研究了钨掺杂对其介电、压电和铁电性能的影响。结果表明,当x<0.1时掺钨陶瓷已形成单晶相。Ca0.7La0.3Bi4(Ti0.975W0.025)4O15陶瓷具有最佳性能,其εr为183.15,tanδ为0.00446,d33为14pC/N,2Pr为26.7×10–6C/cm2,2Ec为220×103V/cm。SEM显示CaBi4Ti4O15基陶瓷的晶粒为片状。     

Ba_(0.2)Sr_(0.8)La_4Ti_4O_(15)微波介电陶瓷的两步烧结法制备及性能表征

采用两步烧结法制备了Ba0.2Sr0.8La4Ti4O15微波介电陶瓷,并通过分析陶瓷的晶相、显微结构及介电性能,与采用传统高温直接烧结法制得的陶瓷样品进行了对比。结果表明,较之高温直接烧结法,采用两步烧结法可通过较长时间保温而制备出粒度小而均匀、无裂纹且介电性能较好的陶瓷。在一次烧结温度为1 600℃、二次烧结温度为1 500℃并保温10 h条件下所制陶瓷介电性能最优:εr=46.52,Q.f=65 496 GHz,τf=–12.1×10–6/℃。     

Pb/Bi复掺对Y2O3-2TiO2微波介质陶瓷性能的影响

研究了PbTiO3和Bi2Ti2O7复合掺杂对新型的具有中介电常数的Y2O3-2TiO2系微波介质陶瓷物相组成、介电性能和烧结温度的影响。结果表明,掺杂后的陶瓷材料主晶相仍为A2B2O7型烧绿石结构,未发现第二相,Bi3+和Pb2+共同占据Y3+所在的A位。Pb/Bi复合掺杂有效降低了陶瓷的烧结温度,当w(PbTiO3)=2%和w(Bi2Ti2O7)=8%时,烧结温度降低为1 260℃,且陶瓷具有较好的介电性能,即介电常数rε≈64,介质损耗tanδ≈3.6×10-3,品质因数与频率的乘积Q×f≈2 438 GHz。     

Na掺杂Bi_2O_3-ZnO-Nb_2O_5基陶瓷的性能

采用固相反应法制备了(Bi2–xNax)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O7陶瓷,研究了Na+替代Bi3+对Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7基陶瓷烧结性能、显微结构和介电性能的影响。替代后样品的烧结温度从960℃降至约880℃;当替代量x≤0.20时,相结构保持单一的单斜焦绿石相,随替代量进一步增加出现立方相;温度为–30～+130℃,替代后样品出现明显的介电弛豫现象,弛豫过程中的激活能约为0.40eV。用缺陷偶极子和晶格畸变对Na掺杂Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7基陶瓷的介电弛豫现象作出简要解释。     

微波介质陶瓷在介质滤波器上的应用

移动通信用天线滤波器应具有尺寸小，频率稳定，插入损耗低等特点。研究了ＢａＯ－Ｎｄ_２Ｏ_３－ＴｉＯ_２系介质材料的组成对其介电性能的影响，并分析了影响插入损耗的各个因素。在此基础上用掺Ｂｉ_２Ｏ_３的ＢａＯ－Ｎｄ_２Ｏ_３－ＴｉＯ_２系材料作介质试制出天线滤波器，测试了滤波器的性能，测定表明所制造的天线滤波器性能能够满足移动通信机的要求。     

BSZN微波介质陶瓷介电常数的异常

研究了(Ba1-xSrx)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3(BSZN)微波介质陶瓷介电常数的非线性变化以及异常的原因。随着系统中Sr(1/3Nb2/3)O3的增多,介电常数的异常是由于氧八面体的畸变导致的相转变(对称性降低)及第二相的生成造成的。未发生相转变前,介电常数的增大可用电介质理论加以解释;发生相转变后,介电常数呈线性下降趋势,符合对数混合定律。     

Measurement of Low-Loss Dielectric Materials Using Dielectric Rod Resonator

To obtain the complex permittivity of low-loss dielectric materials at 60 GHz, a measurement method is developed. Using a dielectric rod resonator excited by a dielectric waveguide, effective conductivity of conducting plates for short circuiting the resonator is determined. The complex permittivity of the dielectric rod is determined by the resonant frequency and unloaded quality factor of the TE_0m1-mode resonator. Moreover, the complex permittivity of single crystal sapphire, polycrystalline ceramics, and cordierite has been investigated in virtue of numerical simulation. For all the measured specimens in this study, the proposed method is seen to provide much better accuracy for values.     

薄膜绝缘层对陶瓷厚膜电致发光显示器件的影响

采用丝网印刷技术，在Al2O3陶瓷板上印刷、高温烧结内电极及绝缘层制备出陶瓷厚膜基板，进而制备了新型厚膜电致发光显示器（TDEL），整个器件结构为陶瓷基板／内电极／厚膜绝缘层／发光层／薄膜绝缘层／ITO透明电极。对用不同薄膜绝缘材料制备的显示器件的特性进行测试、比较、分析，结果表明薄膜绝缘介质层对器件的阈值电压、发光亮度均有一定的影响，以复合绝缘层的性能最优。最后对器件的衰减特性进行了初步分析。     

钛酸锌镁介质陶瓷的制备与介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了Mg0.22Zn0.78TiO3(简称MZT)化合物陶瓷粉体,研究了烧结助剂及Ca O掺杂对MZT介质陶瓷的烧结和介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,掺杂少量的Ca O能改善MZT陶瓷的介电性能,加入质量分数为10%烧结助剂,能获得一种能在较低温度下烧结的MZT系瓷料,烧结温度为1 000℃时,测得陶瓷样品的最佳介电性能:相对介电常数约为21,介质损耗小于1.5×10-4,介电常数温度系数符合C0G瓷料的要求。     

Dielectric medium

The concept of the generalized scattering amplitude is applied to the electromagnetic (EM) scattering of an arbitrarily shaped, perfectly conducting object partially immersed in a semi-infinite dielectric medium. The dielectric medium can have either electric loss or magnetic loss or both. In a two-dimensional (2-D) formulation, after the outgoing cylindrical wave is factored out from the scattered wave, the remaining wave envelope component in the scattered wave is defined as the generalized scattering amplitude. The transformed Helmholtz equation in terms of the generalized scattering amplitude can be solved numerically using a finite-difference method over the entire scattering domain including both the semi-infinite free-space (vacuum or air) and the semi-infinite dielectric medium. Example problems of scattering by infinitely long, perfectly conducting cylinders of circular and trapezoidal ship-shaped cross sections are solved to demonstrate the theoretical formulation and numerical method. The radial profiles of the generalized scattering amplitude and the total field over the entire scattering region are also presented, and their properties are discussed. The far-field bistatic cross section and induced current density on the obstacle's surface are also presented. These results show that the method can be used to yield complete and accurate solutions to 2-D EM scattering problems involving arbitrarily shaped metallic objects partially immersed in a penetrable semi-infinite dielectric medium     

一种微波介质谐振器复介电常数测试方法

介绍了一种简单的微波介质谐振腔的设计及性能参数的计算方法，给出了相对介电常数ε1、介质损耗tan δ的详细求解方程，为微波介质陶瓷性能参数的测量提供了一种简单而有效的方法。     

The Thermal Dielectric Quotient for Characterizing Dielectric Heat Conductors

If a piece of dielectric is mounted between two conductors, the resulting thermal conductance and electrical capacitance are related by their quotient which is a property of the material, independent of the size and shape. This quotient is expressed in watts per (picofarad X kelvin). It is helpful in the selection of a material for conducting heat while adding least capacitance. For example, a beryllia ceramic block of 1 pF can conduct about 4 W/K. The highest is a diamond of unusual perfection, about 40 W/K. A table and a nomogram give these properties for a variety of materials.     

Resonant Frequency Stability of the Dielectric Resonator on a Dielectric Substrate

A simple approximate method for predicting the resonant frequencies of TE modes of dielectric resonators is developed. By using this method, an analytical expression is derived for the resonant frequency stability of the dielectric resonator on a dielectric substrate, and the effect of the substrate on the stability is studied. The result is useful when the high-frequency stability is required.     

Microwave Dielectric Behavior of Wet Soil-Part II: Dielectric Mixing Models

This paper is the second in a series evaluating the microwave dielectric behavior of soil-water mixtures as a function of water content and soil textural composition. Part II draws upon the data presented in Part 1 [13] to develop appropriate empirical and theoretical dielectric mixing models for the 1.4-to 18-GHz region. A semiempirical mixing model based upon the index of refraction is presented, requiring only easily ascertained soil physical parameters such as volumetric moisture and soil textural composition as inputs. In addition, a theoretical model accounting explicitly for the presence of a hydration layer of bound water adjacent to hydrophilic soil particle surfaces is presented. A four-component dielectric mixing model treats the soil-water system as a host medium of dry soil solids containing randomly distributed and randomly oriented disc-shaped inclusions of bound water, bulk water, and air. The bulk water component is considered to be dependent upon frequency, temperature, and salinity. The soil solution is differentiated by means of a soil physical model into 1) a bound component and 2) a bulk soil solution. The performance of each model is evaluated as a function of soil moisture, soil texture, and frequency, using the dielectric measurements of five soils ranging from sandy loam to silty clay (as presented in Part I [13]) at frequencies between 1.4 and 18 GHz. The semiempirical mixing model yields an excellent fit to the measured data at frequencies above 4 GHz. At 1.