SBA-15/UP原位复合材料摩擦性能的研究

采用KH570对介孔二氧化硅SBA-15进行表面处理,通过原位聚合方法合成SBA-15/不饱和聚酯(UP)复合树脂,后再通过共混、辊炼、模压成型制备了SBA-15/UP复合材料。研究了加入SBA-15对SBA-15/UP复合材料的摩擦磨损性能、硬度、动态力学性能的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的磨损表面形貌进行观察。结果表明,经改性后的SBA-15加入使复合材料的体积磨损率降低了26%,玻璃化温度提高了16℃。     

环氧树脂/环氧液晶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究

采用液晶环氧预聚物(PHQEP)与有机蒙脱土(OMMT)共混改性环氧树脂制备三元共混体系的环氧基复合材料。用X射线衍射法(XRD)测试了有机化蒙脱土在被插层前后片层间距的变化,通过DSC、TGA及SEM等对PHQEP/OMMT增韧改性环氧树脂固化体系的力学性能,热性能及微观相态结构进行了研究。结果表明:当PHQEP质量分数为5%,添加1.5%的有机蒙脱土可以使环氧树脂的冲击强度达到最大值23.43 kJ/m2,比纯环氧树脂提高2倍左右,玻璃化转变温度及5%热分解温度比纯环氧树脂分别高出15℃和27℃。PHQEP与OMMT的加入使纳米复合材料的力学性能和热性能得到明显提高。     

微晶纤维素/不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学与热稳定性研究

以不饱和聚酯(UP)为基体,硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)改性微晶纤维素(MCC)为填充材料,采用共混浇注方法制备微晶纤维素/不饱和聚酯树脂(MCC/UPR)复合材料。运用SEM、DMA、TG研究了MCC及硅烷偶联剂对MCC/UPR复合材料的力学性能和热降解行为的影响。结果表明:添加MCC能够提高UPR的力学性能,当添加量超过45%(wt)时力学性能明显下降。KH-550硅烷偶联剂能够改善MCC与UPR的界面相容性,提高树脂的黏结性,提高复合材料的机械性能。在实验条件下MCC为30%(wt)时,拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度较纯UPR材料提高了81.86%,82.26%和53.76%;相同条件下,偶联剂改性后的MCC/UPR复合材料力学性能比未经处理的分别提高了19.70%,11.50%和6.83%。MCC使UPR玻璃化转变温度提高,刚性降低。     

复合填料对不饱和聚酯包覆层烧蚀性能的影响

以不饱和聚酯为基体,联二脲、磷酸密胺盐、碳纤维为填料,制备了不饱和聚酯耐烧蚀复合材料,考察了填料质量、碳纤维长度对复合材料烧蚀性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,(联二脲+磷酸密胺盐)复合物、碳纤维质量增加,复合材料耐烧蚀性能提高;碳纤维长度增加,对复合材料耐烧蚀性能提高作用更明显,但会影响加工性能。复合材料力学性能均随(联二脲+磷酸密胺盐)复合物和碳纤维质量的增加先增大后减小。当每100 g不饱和聚酯中(联二脲+磷酸密胺盐)复合物质量为30 g、4 mm碳纤维质量为3 g时,复合材料的综合性能最佳。用该配方作为推进剂包覆材料包覆某改性双基推进剂燃气发生器并进行发动机试验,燃气发生器工作正常,压力-时间曲线平稳。燃气发生器工作完成后包覆层残留壳体完整、残留率高。     

纳米CaCO3增强增韧不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR/CaCO3)的研究

用未经表面处理和经表面处理的纳米CaCO3对不饱和聚酯树脂进行填充改性,研究了纳米CaCO3用量对不饱和聚酯树脂的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度的影响。结果表明:当纳米CaCO3填充量为6%时,材料的增强增韧效果最好,而且当粉体的加入量为4%～6%时,UPR/CaCO3出现了明显的脆韧转变。用DSC测定复合材料的玻璃化温度(Tg),可以发现复合材料的玻璃化温度比纯不饱和聚酯树脂大,且烷基化纳米CaCO3填充的UPRTg更高,这与力学性能结果相一致。     

PVC／TPU合金制备及性能研究

选择热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)与悬浮法生产的聚氯乙烯(PVC)制备共混合金。讨论了两种不同类型的TPU与PVC共混材料的力学性能以及不同配比、助剂和工艺条件对共混合金力学性能的影响,在此基础上对体系的流变性能进行了研究。试验结果表明:聚酯型TPU与PVC合金的力学性能优于聚醚型TPU合金。当PVC/TPU(聚酯型)为100/10(质量比)时,共混体系综合性能最好。TPU对PVC具有增韧与增塑两种作用,可制得力学性能优良的合金。     

端羧基超支化聚酯改性环氧树脂固化体系研究

利用丁二酸酐对端羟基超支化聚酯(AHBP)的端基进行改性,得到新的端羧基超支化聚酯(CHBP),并将其用于环氧树脂体系的增韧。研究了CHBP用量、羧基含量对环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐(EP/MeTHPA)固化体系的力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,改性后分子末端全部带羧基的CHBP的增韧作用最好,冲击强度可达18.5kJ/m2。CHBP质量分数为15%时,固化物的冲击强度可达18.2 kJ/m2,拉伸强度64.86 MPa,玻璃化温度(Tg)从100℃提高到106℃左右,可满足增韧环氧树脂的同时不降低其耐热性的要求。     

顺酐化聚苯乙烯对PVC/SEBS共混物的增容作用

以顺酐化聚苯乙烯(PS-g-MAH)为增容剂,研究了苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的共混增韧改性,讨论了该共混物在常温、低温下的力学性能及动态力学性能。结果表明,PS-g-MAH能明显改善SEBS与PVC的相容性,使PVC/SEBS共混物中分散相颗粒尺寸明显减小,分布更均匀,共混物的玻璃化转变温度内移,常温和低温下缺口冲击强度增大。当PVC/PS-g-MAH/SEBS(质量比)为75/6/25时,共混物的常温缺口冲击强度为50.6 kJ/m2,低温(-20℃)缺口冲击强度为29.8 kJ/m2。     

共混工艺对TPU/PVA共混物力学性能的影响

利用哈克密炼机,通过熔融共混法,制备了热塑性聚酯型聚氨酯(TPU)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)(质量比80/20)共混材料。探讨了工艺条件(温度、转速、加工时间)对TPU/PVA共混材料的扭矩、断裂伸长率、拉断永久变形和拉伸强度等力学性能的影响。结果表明,最佳加工条件为:加工温度170℃,转速60 r/min,加工时间8 min。     

P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料对PVC共混改性研究

通讨原位插层法制备聚(甲苯丙烯酸甲酯一丙烯酸甲酯)有机化蒙脱十「P(MMA-MA)/OMMT}纳米复合材料,并用其对聚氯乙烯(PVC)讲行共混改性。通讨扫描电镜(SEM)热失重分析(TGA)、动杰力学分析(DMA)拉伸和冲击等力学性能测试研究了共混物的两相相容性、热稳定性及力学性能。结果表明:共混体系两相间有很奸的相容性;随着纳米复合材料添加量的增加,共混体系的耐热性能、储能模量、玻璃化温度和力学性能逐渐增加。当纳米复合材料与PVC共混比达到20/100时,共混体系在10%失重率下的失重温度比纯PVC捍高了17.4℃,玻璃化温度比纯PVC捍高了4.7℃。当纳米复合材料与PVC共混比达到30/100时,体系的综合力学性能最奸,冲击强度和拉伸强度分别较纯PVC捍高了21. 1%和34.7%。     

碳氮杂环乙烯基酯树脂的合成与表征

用含异氰脲酸酯基的环氧树脂与甲基丙烯酸反应合成了含有碳氮杂环的乙烯基酯树脂,研究了环氧基／羧基摩尔比、催化剂用量以及温度对反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,并利用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。该树脂采用苯乙烯为交联剂．固化后延伸率达到7．2％,拉伸强度高达74．7MPa,与通用的乙烯基酯树脂相比延伸率得到提高。合成的碳氮杂环乙烯基酯树脂具有较好的力学性能和应用前景。     

纳米氢氧化铝填充LDPE/EVA的力学和阻燃性能

对纳米氢氧化铝（CG-ATH）在低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物体系中(low density polyethylene /ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer,简称LDPE/EVA),填充量对力学性质和阻燃性质的影响进行了研究.通过力学性能测试和SEM分析表明,随着CG-ATH填充量的增加,树脂体系的断裂伸长率急剧下降,而其拉伸强度则呈先下降后上升的趋势,当CG-ATH的填充量为60%时,其拉伸强度达12.5 MPa.通过燃烧性能测试、TG和DSC分析表明,CG-ATH的添加能够提高树脂体系的分解温度,增加结炭率,显著提高极限氧指数.通过综合分析,得到填充量为60%时,能够达到树脂体系力学性能与燃烧性能的最佳状态.     

热定形对尼龙6-多壁碳纳米管共混纤维的影响

采用熔融共混法制备含多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)质量分数为0.5%的尼龙6(PA6)-MWNTs共混纤维,研究了热定形过程中热定形温度和降温速率对PA6-MWNTs共混纤维结构和性能的影响。运用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、动态热力学分析仪(DMA)和单纤强力仪等表征了纤维的结构和性能。结果表明:经热定形后纤维的取向度提高,热定形参数对纤维的力学性能有显著影响。当热定形温度为160℃、降温速率为1.5℃/min时,纤维的力学性能最佳,断裂强度为459.8MPa,弹性模量为2318.1 MPa。     

Morphology and mechanical properties of pullulan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends crosslinked with glyoxal

We prepared pullulan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend films by casting the polymer solution in dimethyl sulfoxide. Their morphology and mechanical properties were investigated. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the pullulan was immiscible with PVA over the entire composition range. The tensile strength and modulus of the blend films were lower than those predicted by the upper bound composite equation. To improve the mechanical properties, we investigated the reaction of the 40/60 blend with glyoxal. The infrared spectral change and the increase in the glass‐transition temperature (corresponding to the PVA component) accompanying the reaction indicated that crosslinking with glyoxal had proceeded. The crosslinked films were homogeneous and had higher tensile strengths and moduli than the simple blend. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2273–2280, 2001     

Polyethylene/starch blends with enhanced oxygen barrier and mechanical properties: Effect of granule morphology damage by solid-state shear pulverization

A mechanical process called solid-state shear pulverization (SSSP) was used to create blends or composites of polyethylene (PE) and starch that resulted in damaged granular structures. Because starch granules are unchanged when polymer/starch blends are made by melt mixing, this is the first time that damage (surface roughening, cracking, and clustering) to starch granule morphology has been reported in polymer/starch blends or composites. These morphological changes result in a 29% reduction in oxygen permeability for a 70/30 wt% PE/starch blend made by SSSP relative to neat PE; this compares with a 21% reduction in oxygen permeability when a similar blend is made by melt processing. In addition, relative to neat PE, the tensile modulus of a 70/30 wt% PE/starch blend is increased by 20% in the damaged starch case (vs. 10% in the blend made by melt mixing) while the reduction in tensile strength is significantly smaller than that found in melt-mixed blends.     

EPDM/聚烯烃共混型热塑性弹性体的研究

制备ＥＰＤＭ／聚烯烃简单共混型热塑性弹性体。研究了聚合物种类、橡塑比、二元和三元共混对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明，部分结晶性ＥＰＤＭ共混物的力学性能比无定形ＥＰＤＭ共混物好，部分结晶性ＥＰＤＭ与ＬＤＰＥ（低密度聚乙烯）共混物的拉伸强度大于两者的加和值，而其它二元共混物的拉伸强度均低于两共混单元的加和值；用ＬＤＰＥ部分替代ＰＰ，或用氯磺化聚乙烯（ＣＳＭ）部分替代结晶性ＥＰＤＭ进行三元共混，能改善部分结晶性ＥＰＤＭ／ＰＰ共混物的某些性能。     

Study of the Role of Silane-treated Filler on the Compatibility of Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blends at Different Ratios

A systematic study of the effect of the filler on the immiscible blend properties is presented as a function of the blend composition. As a representative of semicrystalline polymer/amorphous polymer blends, a polypropylene/polystyrene system was chosen. The presence of filler in the blends has induced significant changes in the rheological properties. This behavior is a function not only of filler surface treatment but also of blend composition. Solid state dynamic mechanical analysis is performed and the relaxation behavior is correlated with the morphology of the blends. The increase in tensile strength of the blends filled with surface-treated glass beads is related to the enhancement of the adhesion and polymer/polymer interactions.     

Mechanical and morphological properties of lyocell blends: Comparison with lyocell nanocomposites (I)

The mechanical properties and morphologies of polyblends of lyocell with three different fillers are compared. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene) (EVOH), and poly(acrylic acid‐co‐maleic acid) (PAM) were used as fillers in blends with lyocell produced through solution blending. The variations of their properties with polymer matrix filler content are discussed. The ultimate tensile strength of the PVA/lyocell blend is highest for a blend lyocell content of 30 wt %, and decreases as the lyocell content is increased up to 40 wt %. The ultimate tensile strengths of the EVOH/lyocell and PAM/lyocell blends are highest for a lyocell loading of 20 wt %, and decrease with the increasing filler content. The variations in the initial moduli of the blends with filler content are similar. Of the three blend systems, the blends with PVA exhibit the best tensile properties. Lyocell/organoclay hybrid films were prepared by the solution intercalation method, using dodecyltriphenylphosphonium–Mica (C₁₂PPh‐ Mica) as the organoclay. The variation of the mechanical tensile properties of the hybrids with the matrix polymer organoclay content was examined. These properties were found to be optimal for an organoclay content of up to 5 wt %. Even polymers with low organoclay contents exhibited better mechanical properties than pure lyocell. The addition of organoclay to lyocell to produce nanocomposite films was found to be less effective in improving its ultimate tensile strength than blending lyocell with the polymers. However, the initial moduli of the nanocomposites were found to be higher than those of the polyblend films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Surface Morphology and Properties of Poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)/Poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl Methacrylate) Blend Film

Poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)/poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PBLG/Poly(BA-co-MMA)) blend films were prepared by casting the polymer blend solution in dichloroethane. Surface morphology of the polymer blend film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blend film were studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile tests. It was revealed that the introduction of Poly(BA-co-MMA) into PBLG could exert marked effects on the surface morphology and the properties of the PBLG film.     

Characterization of mechanically reinforced electrospun dextrin‐polyethylene oxide sub‐microfiber mats

Dextrin and dextrin‐polyethylene oxide (DEX/PEO) fibers in the submicron range were produced by electrospinning of single and blend polymer solutions. The morphology, intermolecular interactions, and mechanical properties of dextrin microfibers with and without PEO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and uniaxial tensile testing. Spectroscopic results confirmed hydrogen bond formation, evidencing dextrin as a molecular entanglement source for fiber mechanical reinforcement. The uniaxial tensile tests demonstrated a synergistic mechanical reinforcement effect that varied with blend composition. Equal weight ratio blends supported a maximum tensile strength with a high elastic modulus and demonstrated to be more elastic and resistant to breaking, even than pristine PEO fibers. Moreover, elastic moduli of blend fiber mats were found to lie within the value range for human skin, thus providing the DEX/PEO meshes with potential applicability as skin tissue scaffolds. This synthesis approach proved the feasible and inexpensive fabrication process of natural‐synthetic polymer hybrid fibers that combine the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and encapsulating capability of dextrin with the mechanical strength and flexibility of PEO for the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering and topical drug delivery applications in skin wound healing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1778–1786, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers