考虑原产地规则的跨境纺织供应链网络设计

为了实现纺织企业跨境供应链网络的利润最大化,在考虑原产地规则的基础上,综合考虑工厂布局、供应商选择、生产及运输等重要决策,构建了最大化利润的混合整数非线性规划模型,并将其等价转化为可最优求解的线性规划模型,设计相应的Benders分解算法实现对模型的最优求解。最终通过仿真,针对不同的贸易制度安排,特别是即将实施的“区域全面经济伙伴协定”中的区域累积原产地规则,研究了其对企业跨境供应链网络设计决策及利润的影响。研究结果表明：随原产地规则比例要求的提高,会导致企业利润的下降,而在区域累积的原产地规则下,企业能够更自由地进行选址及生产采购决策,有利于实现全球供应链的最优配置。     

物联网在纺织企业生产中的应用

建设物联网是纺织企业实现节能减排、降低成本的途径之一。本文以棉纺织企业为示例,通过对比分析能耗与纺织企业产值、利润等的关系,得出纺织企业建立物联网应用的必要性。文中同时还给出了纺织业物联网的建设方案和详细流程。     

碳交易及消费补贴下的服装行业碳减排决策问题

在"双碳"目标下,全国碳交易市场悄然上线,为使服装企业更好地应对碳交易,建立由原料供应商、制造商、零售商和回收商组成的服装闭环供应链模型,着重探讨了政府对再制造服装消费者补贴及制造商碳减排投资对服装行业发展、供应链成员利润及供应链碳排放总量的影响等.研究发现:随着碳交易价格的上涨,若无减排及无补贴,服装企业难以长久维系...     

基于物联网的纺织业节能减排跟踪检测方法

研究了基于物联网的纺织业节能减排跟踪检测方法的技术和应用。通过在纺织企业实现智能监测和设备控制,可以实现降低人力资源消耗、实时发现设备运行状态,达到既节约成本又节能减排的目的。对纺织企业水、电、煤、天然气等能耗指标进行数据分析,并以纺纱流水线为例分析利用传感器技术跟踪监测能耗的方法。实践证明,物联网在提高企业精细化管理水平及竞争力的同时,又提升了节能减排自动和智能的信息化水平。     

基于回购-销售激励惩罚契约组合的冷链协调优化

针对冷链中温控成本与利润之间存在的矛盾,提出契约组合来协调优化.在报童模型的基础上,考虑温控成本,建立两级供应链模型,采用回购-销售激励惩罚(buyback with sales-rebate-punish B&SRP)契约组合进行协调.研究得出,在契约组合的协调下,分散决策的供应链能达到集中决策下的效果.其次,供应商和分销商的利润仅受设定的销售目标值的影响.接着,通过纳什均衡的讨价还价模型的倒推原理,证明了存在有效的销售目标值,使得双方的利润都增加,最后利用阿伦尼乌斯(Arrhenius)公式计算证明,在契约组合下,分销商愿意投入更高的温控成本,实施更低的温度.     

有机溶剂回收 商机无限

低碳经济已经成为当前经济增长的核心要素,这不仅是提高资源和能源使用效率、保护生态环境的客观需要,也是增强国内产品的国际竞争力、扩大出口的需要。低碳经济的主要内容是节能减排,而技术创新则是推动各行业节能减排的有效武器。对于软包装行业而言,当务之急是采取有效措施减少有机废气的排放量,以符合国家节能减排的目标。其实,软包装企业在节能减排方面拥有着巨大的发展空间。本文介绍的有机溶剂回收技术,不但能够帮助软包装企业实现节能减排,还能将有机废气(溶剂)加以回收再利用,为企业创造效益。     

染整工厂节能减排的技术改造

通过对染整工厂能源三级计量改造,进行用水、用热的平衡分析,查明可回收利用水量和余热资源,实现冷却水、冷凝水的回收利用和高温污水、废气的热能回收使用,达到节能减排、降低成本的目的。     

废旧纺织服装回收与再利用研究进展

为促进废旧纺织服装资源高值化循环利用,从废旧纺织服装回收与再利用国内外现状、技术手段以及市场体系3个方面,分析我国废旧纺织服装回收与再利用现存问题,归纳废旧纺织服装回收与再利用常见技术,评述废旧纺织服装回收与再利用循环产业链与组织模式,基于循环经济减量化、再利用、再循环、再制造(简称4R)原则,总结我国废旧纺织服装回收与再利用体系研究进展。认为我国废旧纺织服装回收与再利用未来发展应为4大方向：二手纺织服装市场深耕细作、回收再利用环节标准化、核心技术升级和资源循环利用意识提升。同时,提出各方协作、因地施政、重视科研等总体建议,以期为纺织服装行业实现高效生态经济提供参考。     

造纸废水中超短纤维回收生产瓦楞纸用

本文以东莞某纸业有限公司生产为例,利用化学助剂回收造纸废水气浮池所产生的超短纤维(夹杂大量泥浆),并循环运用于实际生产。通过对泥浆回收、应用工艺的探索及其对纸张性能的影响发现:虽然纸张物理强度有所降低,但能达到C级瓦楞芯纸的要求;同时超短纤维的回收利用能够达到节能减排、降低企业生产成本的目的。     

物联网提升纺织企业节能减排效果的研究

探讨利用物联网技术提升纺织企业节能减排的效果。通过对纺织企业能耗数据和基础设施现状的研究,提出了棉纺织企业物联网建设总体架构,分为能源管理,环境、仪表与设备管理,数据管理3个部分,并详细介绍数据采集部分功能设置。通过对比企业实施物联网前后的能耗情况,结果表明:节能效果明显。认为:物联网技术能够提高纺织企业能源利用效率,增强纺织企业信息化的自动化、智能化水平。     

The thermostability, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of some vegetables subjected to different durations of boiling: Investigation in vitro

This research was performed in order to compare the water and acetone extracts of raw and boiled for 10, 20, 40 and 60 min Korean lotus roots (KLR) and Polish white onion (PWO) in the contents of their bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and thermostability.It was found that polyphenols (mg GAE/g), flavanols (μg GAE/g), flavonoids (mg CE/g), anthocyanins (mg CGE/kg) and tannins (mg CE/g) in water extract of raw lotus roots were 14.18 ± 0.7, 8.41 ± 0.5, 1.09 ± 0.06, 21.3 ± 1.2 and 7.29 ± 0.4, and of white onion - 11.11 ± 0.6, 6.78 ± 0.3, 0.71 ± 0.03, 17.00 ± 0.9 and 1.64 ± 0.08, respectively, and significantly higher in KLR (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of raw KLR water extract (139.4 ± 6.1, 53.1 ± 3.6 and 89.3 ± 4.6 μmol TE/g for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively) was significantly higher than in white onion (23.84 ± 1.8, 31.9 ± 2.1 and 38.14 ± 2.6 for DPPH, CUPRAC and ABTS, respectively, P < 0.05).The thermostability of the water KLR extract’s of polyphenols, flavanols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins was high and even after 60 min of boiling remains as 40.0, 42.3, 50.5, 41.4 and 41.0%, respectively. After 60 min of boiling the most thermostable compounds were flavonoids - remaining at 50.5% in water extract of KLR. Also after 60 min of boiling the thermostability of the antioxidant activity of water extracts of KLR remained significantly high: 40.6, 42.3, 46.3 and 43.6%, according to DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and CUPRAC assays, respectively.Similar relationship was obtained with acetone extracts, but the value was lower than with the water ones. In conclusion, the contents of some bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity and the thermostability in water and acetone extracts of KLR are significantly higher than the same indices in PWO. FTIR and fluorimetry can be used as additional markers for the characterization of bioactive compounds in vegetables.     

Nutritive value of masau (Ziziphus mauritiana) fruits from Zambezi Valley in Zimbabwe

Ziziphus mauritiana (masau) fruits are consumed by many people in Zimbabwe. The fruits contribute significantly to people’s diet when they are in season. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional content of the fruits and, hence, quantify their contribution to the diet. Samples of masau were collected in two seasons (August 2006 and August 2007). Both macronutrients and micronutrients were determined using standard AOAC methods of analysis. Dry matter content ranged from 21.1 ± 0.2 to 24.1 ± 0.3 g 100 g⁻¹ of edible portion of the sweet and sour fruits, and 84.8 ± 0.2 to 87.2 ± 0.2 g 100 g⁻¹ for the dried fruit. Crude protein per 100 g edible portion of dry weight ranged between 7.9 ± 0.0 and 8.7 ± 0.0 g, crude fat from 0.8 ± 0.0 to 1.5 ± 0.0 g, crude fibre from 4.9 ± 0.0 to 7.3 ± 0.0 g, ash between 3.0 ± 0.0 and 4.3 ± 0.0 g and carbohydrate between 79.5 ± 0.0 and 83.2 ± 0.0 g. The fruits were rich in vitamin C (15.0 ± 0.0–43.8 ± 0.02 mg 100 g⁻¹) and the energy values ranged between 1516.0 ± 1.73 and 1575.0 ± 2.3 kJ 100 g⁻¹. Furthermore, the fruits contained (mg 100 g⁻¹ of dry weight) potassium from 1865.0 ± 1.3 to 2441.0 ± 1.1, calcium from 160.0 ± 0.3 to 254.0 ± 0.1, sodium between 185.0 ± 0.1 and 223.0 ± 0.2, magnesium between 83.0 ± 0.0 and 150.0 ± 0.13 and phosphorous from 87.0 ± 0.1 to 148.0 ± 0.5. Manganese and copper contents ranged between 0.7 ± 0.03 and 1.6 ± 0.03, while iron and zinc ranged between 2.1 ± 0.43 and 4.3 ± 0.1, and 0.6 ± 0.0–0.9 ± 0.0 mg 100 g⁻¹ of dry weight, respectively. The masau fruit is therefore a good potential source of carbohydrates, proteins and micronutrients, such as calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorous, copper, iron, Vitamin C and zinc.     

Evaluation of culture media for enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium animalis in the presence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

The study compared the growth capability of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus La05, Lactobacillus casei Lc01 and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12) and non-probiotic (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) cultures on twenty-one culture media grouped according to selectivity: non-selective agars, selective agars without antibiotics and MRS agars containing different combinations of lithium chloride, cystein, bile salts and antibiotics. Four of these media were selected for quantitative enumeration of L. acidophilus La05, L. casei Lc01, and B. animalis Bb12. The best culture media and incubation conditions for enumeration of the probiotic cultures were: B. animalis: MRS agar with dicloxacillin, 37 °C or 42 °C, anaerobiosis; L. acidophilus: MRS agar with bile salts, 37 °C or 42 °C, aerobiosis; L. casei: MRS agar with lithium chloride and sodium propionate, 37 °C or 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis. Plating on MRS with glucose replaced by maltose, 37 °C or 42 °C, anaerobiosis, will distinguish probiotic from non-probiotic cultures. For enumeration of each probiotic in a mixed culture, the following media and incubation conditions were recommended: B. animalis: 4ABC-MRS, 42 °C, anaerobiosis, L. acidophilus: LC medium, 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis and L. casei: LP-MRS, 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis. In all experiments, differences in counts using pour plating or surface plating were not significant (P ≤ 0.05).     

Quality assessment of wild European eel (Anguilla anguilla) stored in ice

The quality assessment of wild European eel (Anguilla anguilla) stored in ice and in boxes without ice (3 ± 1 °C) was investigated by the sensory analysis, levels of nucleotide breakdown products and biogenic amines for up to 19 days. Sensory analysis was assessed using the Tasmanian Food Research Unit Scheme. K and related values (K_i, G, P, H and F_r) were used as freshness indicators. Linear regressions (r²) obtained from K, K_i, G, P, H and F_r were 0.95, 0.96, 0.83, 0.96, 0.99 and 0.96, respectively, for eel stored in ice whereas, for eel kept in boxes without ice, the values were 0.86, 0.86, 0.96, 0.91, 0.98 and 0.86, respectively. When eel stored in ice and in boxes without ice were considered at the limit of acceptability by assessors at ∼12–14 days and ∼5–7 days, respectively, the average K, K_i and P values were ∼70–85%, H values were ∼60% and F_r values were ∼10% for both storage conditions. The level of histamine exceeded the legal limit (5 mg/100 g fish) in eel stored without ice after 6–7 days and, in ice, after 13–14 days of storage, at which time eels were rejected by the sensory panel. The concentrations of biogenic amines were higher in eel stored in boxes without ice than in eel kept in ice. The levels of histamine in the muscle of eel kept in boxes without ice and in ice increased to the maximum levels of 17.9 mg/100 g on day 12 and 12.6 mg/100 g on day 19, respectively.     

Effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)

Studies on the effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton were carried out in the laboratory at four different temperatures, 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C. The mean fecundity per female at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 37.6±1.9, 84.2±2.7, 112.3±3.9 and 109.3±3.9 eggs, respectively. Oviposition period ranged from 4.7 days at 20°C to 2.9 days at 33°C. Hatchability of eggs was highest at 29°C with 70.0% and lowest at 20°C with 15.0%. The developmental time decreased with increase in temperature. The mean developmental time at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 13.8±0.3, 7.8±0.2, 5.1±0.2 and 3.9±0.2 days for the egg, 90.0±0.7, 50.1±0.7, 36.1±0.8 and 23.6±0.8 days for the larval stages, 22.3±2.6, 12.2±0.2, 10.1±0.1, and 7.8±0.2 days for the pupa and 126.1±0.8, 70.1±0.8, 51.3±0.9, and 35.1±0.8 days for the period from egg hatching to adult emergence, respectively. Since fecundity, oviposition and development of the moth were impaired at 20°C, storage of yam tubers at low temperatures (well below 20°C but not lower than 12°C to avoid chilling injury) will significantly retard the development of D. rugosella and help in its control. Unmated individuals lived longer than their mated counterparts. Adult females were always larger than the males. The wing span of the female ranges from 16.9-18.5 and in males from 13.0-15.0 mm. The body length for males ranged from 5.0-6.5 and was 6.5-9.0 mm for females.     

Effects of light,temperature and water activity on the kinetics of lipoxidation in almond-based products

Lipoxidation in almond-derived products was investigated using the chemiluminescence (CL) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) methods to detect the first and later reaction products, respectively. The effects of light during storage at 5 °C, 22 °C and 40 °C were studied, as well as the effects of combined heat/water activity treatments in the 60–120 °C and 0.38–0.72 range. During storage, light was found to enhance the CL and TBARS values, and specific responses were observed in almond paste and the final Calisson product. During the heating of almond paste, as the initial water activity (a_w) increased, the CL rate constants increased during heating to 60 °C and 80 °C, but interestingly, these values decreased during further heating to 120 °C, whereas the maximum TBARS rate constants occurred at a_w 0.57 at all the heating temperatures tested. The activation energies, based on the CL and TBARS values, decreased specifically when the a_w increased from 0.38 to 0.72, giving overall values ranging from110 kJ mol⁻¹ to 60 kJ mol⁻¹. Likewise, in the same water activity range, the temperature-dependent rate constant enhancing factor (Q₁₀) decreased from 3.3 to 1.6.     

Protective effects of a synthetic soybean isoflavone against oxidative damage in chick skeletal muscle cells

The antioxidant and protective properties of a synthetic soybean isoflavone (SI) were investigated using chick skeletal (leg) muscle cells (SMC) isolated from 20-day-old Linnan yellow broiler chick embryo. Skeletal muscle cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM SI, respectively, under 80 μM H₂O₂/FeSO₄ conditions. After 24 h of incubation, SI reduced the loss of SMC under oxidative stress by H₂O₂/FeSO₄. The addition of SI significantly promoted SMC proliferation (P < 0.01). Upon treatment with 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM SI, the activity of total superoxide dismutase in the supernatant of the media was enhanced by 17.0%, 13.0%, 13.3% and 11.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased only at 25 μM concentration of SI (P < 0.05), and the increment was 90.7%. The activity of catalase was increased by 49.2% and 49.1%, respectively, at 75 and 100 μM SI (P < 0.01). The concentration of creatine kinase in the media was decreased by 61.6% and 60.6%, respectively, at 75 and 100 μM SI (P < 0.01). The addition of SI did not affect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the media. In conclusion, the SI protected skeletal muscle cells from oxidative damage, attributed to its antioxidant activity.     

Crude glycerine inclusion in Limousin bull diets: Animal performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality

Three hundred and six Limousin young bulls (7 ± 1 months of age, initial body weight 273 ± 43 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of crude glycerine supplementation on animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Animals were assigned to three different diets: Control (0% of crude glycerine), G2 and G4 (2 and 4% of crude glycerine, respectively). The diets were administrated ad libitum for 240 days (final body weight 644 ± 24 kg). Average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, the gain:feed ratio, ultrasound measures in vivo, carcass characteristics, pH, water holding capacity, drip losses, and cooking losses were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Diet decreased C16:0 (P < 0.01) and C16:1 (P < 0.05) contents in meat. The G4 meat showed lower C12:0, C14:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, c9,t11-c18:2, C20:0 and C20:4 levels (P < 0.05) than control. Glycerine increased desirable fatty acid percentages (P < 0.05) in intramuscular fat.     

Mineral content of tropical fruits and unconventional foods of the Andes and the rain forest of Colombia

A total of 68 species of starchy foods, tropical fruits, leaves and tubers (101 samples), were collected on the foothills of the Colombian Andes and in the rain forests of the Colombian Pacific coast. Their edible portion was analyzed for mineral content (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl, S, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, Co, Ni). The foods were generally high in K (36–1.782 mg K/100 g edible portion) and low in sodium (<45 mg Na/100 g edible portion). The tree foliages had the highest contents in most of the elements, especially in calcium (280–1242 mg Ca/100 g edible portion, i.e., up to 62 g Ca/kg dry matter) and iron (0.7–8.4 mg Fe/100 g edible portion). Correlations (P < 0.001) were observed between total ash and many elements, especially Ca and Mg (r =  0.77 and 0.73, respectively). High correlations were also obtained between Ca and Mg (r = 0.93).     

Effect of multiple factors on accumulation of nucleosides and bases in Cordyceps militaris

In order to improve the accumulation of valuable metabolites (3′-deoxyadenosine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, adenine and uracil) in Cordyceps militaris, multiple factors such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metal ions and fermentation duration were investigated in liquid shake flasks. Using both potato broth and glucose as carbon sources were found to facilitate the production of nucleosides and bases most, and 2% of glucose was the most suitable initial level. Mixture of 0.3% yeast extract with 0.3% peptone was the best selection of nitrogen sources and supplementing with 0.1 mmol/L Mn²⁺ achieved the maximum biomass and biosynthesis of nucleosides and bases among all investigated metal ions. The most suitable harvest time for C. militaris was found to be the 6th day, because the production of 3′-deoxyadenosine, adenosine and uridine began to speed up from the later exponential growth phase until the 6th day. Finally, under optimal culture conditions, the contents of 3′-deoxyadenosine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, adenine and uracil were increased to 0.212 ± 0.014 mg/g, 5.05 ± 0.31 mg/g, 4.03 ± 0.30 mg/g, 0.556 ± 0.029 mg/g, 6.39 ± 0.33 mg/g, 0.208 ± 0.016 mg/g and 0.437 ± 0.027 mg/g, respectively.