环锭纺纱信息物理生产系统建模方法

针对环锭纺纱工艺流程长、纤维形态变化大、生产连续性与离散性混合,生产过程中数据流和控制流的关系多样复杂等问题,深入研究了环锭纺纱信息物理生产系统构架.先根据信息物理系统的"计算、通信、控制"特征,定义了环锭纺纱信息物理生产系统;在此基础上分析了环锭纺纱信息物理生产系统的纤维流、数据流和控制流,提出"纤维流-数据流-控制...     

环锭纺纱技术的新发展

传统环锭纺纱机生产的纱线存在一些问题,不能完全满足市场的需求,而最新发展的密实环锭纺纱技术可使纤维束受到有效控制,形成高品质纱线。 一、普通环锭纱的缺点 在普通环锭纺纱机上,纤维束从前罗拉钳口输出前,以宽度Ｂ进入牵伸系统,Ｂ主要取决于牵伸倍数,牵伸倍数越大,牵伸区纤维束宽度变化越大。 纤维束从前罗拉钳口输出后经加捻迅速形成纺纱三角区并与纱线相连接。对于一定支数及伸长率的细纱,纺纱三角区宽度ｂ取决于纺纱张力ｐ,实践证明ｐ越大,ｂ值就越小,这表明在环锭纺纱牵伸系统中喂入纤维束宽度Ｂ比纺纱三角区的ｂ值大…     

细纱机纱线张力计算与调节

根据纱线力学基本原理并结合具体卷绕工艺，针对装有气圈环的环锭细纱机，编制了一套纱线张力理论计算软件，并通过实测对理论计算结果加以验证。根据纺纱张力计算和实测的结果调节车速，从而达到调节纺纱张力，减少小其波动，降低细纱断头率的目的。     

环锭纺纱全流程机器人自动化生产关键技术

针对环锭纺纱全流程自动化生产工艺与工业机器人的深度集成问题,提出了环锭纺纱生产线布局仿真优化方法,构建了生产线协同调度模型,详细阐述了配棉排包、精梳机自动喂棉卷和筒纱外观检测等关键工艺机器人应用场景,提出了以信息互联互通技术为核心的信息集成管控策略,建立了工艺、生产计划、质量、设备及物流一体化智能管控系统,形成了环锭纺纱生产线全流程智能管理模式,实现了基于纱管的纺纱质量追溯。结果表明：所使用的任务调度方法有效提升了相关工序的生产效率,设计的纺纱工艺机器人打通了配棉排包等工艺流程断点,相关技术应用后企业综合生产效率提升22.65%,运营成本降低40%,形成纺纱行业智能化转型典型案例并已向行业推广。     

粗纱技术创新的进展与思考

最古老和最新的纺纱技术中,棉条能直接纺成细纱,不存在粗纱工序.历史上机械化纺纱发展出现了环锭细纱机,在梳棉棉条与细纱间增加了并条和粗纱两个工序:并条的目的是增加纤维混合与伸直度,消除梳棉棉条的长片段不均匀;粗纱则是将熟条抽细拉长,并通过加捻、卷绕形成适合环锭细纱机喂入的粗纱卷装,可以说粗纱工序的存在是环锭纺纱系统的需要.     

环锭细纱机纺纱张力的在线智能控制

为了降低环锭细纱机断头率,提高生产效率,研发了一种环锭细纱机纺纱张力在线检测和控制装置。通过对测试中纺纱张力影响因素的分析,提出了有效控制纺纱张力的方法,将检测的纺纱张力变化信号经计算机信号数据采集处理,用于调节锭子转速,达到了控制纺纱张力的效果。研究表明:构建的纺纱张力系统能够达到均匀纺纱张力的目的,可明显降低细纱千锭时断头数,有效提高生产效率。     

单须条分束纺纱线的结构特征

通过对单须条分束纺纱线的纵向和解捻后的外观特征以及截面形态的观察,讨论了纱线的结构,并与传统环锭纺纱线作了对比。结果表明,单须条分束纺纱线的外观毛羽相对传统环锭纱要少而短;纤维间缠绕紧密,整体外观较光滑密实;纤维间接触概率相对较高,这正好与其断裂强度和耐磨性高互为映证。与环锭纱相比,分束纺纱线的断裂强度和伸长率的变异系数较大,这与纱条不匀、粗细节和毛粒较多有关。     

使用气圈环改善错位纺纱质量

探讨使用气圈环改善环锭错位纺纱质量的方法.阐述了环锭错位纺纱及气圈环的研究现状,提出了通过可移动气圈控制环进一步降低错位纺纱毛羽的思路,并设计安装了试验装置,在涤毛混纺品种上进行了对比试验.结果表明:在生产Z捻的涤/毛70/30混纺纱时.左错位纺成纱质量明显优于右错位纺;加装可移动的气圈控制环后,左错位纺和右错位纺纱线3 mm及以上毛羽分别降低了19.5%和30.6%,而且强伸性能、条干及常发性纱疵也有较大改善.指出:通过加裳可移动的气圈环进一步控制错位纺纱毛羽的思路是可行的,能够较好地改善环锭错位纺纱质量.     

缆型纺纱线与传统纺纱线性能比较

缆型纺纱技术是在环锭纺纱机前罗拉出口处有一个分割轮将其牵伸后的纤维须条分割成若干股纤维束,经过加捻形成新型结构的纱线.比较了8.8 tex和8.3 tex羊毛传统环锭纺纱线与缆型纺纱线的毛羽与耐磨性.试验结果表明,8.8 tex和8.3 tex羊毛缆型纺纱线的毛羽数少于传统环锭纺纱线的毛羽数,并且8.3 tex羊毛所形成纱线的毛羽数高于8.8 tex羊毛纱的毛羽数;缆型纱的耐磨次数高于传统纺纱线的耐磨次数,8.3 tex澳毛加工的缆型纱的耐磨次数高于8.8 tex澳毛缆型纱线的耐磨次数.     

假捻集聚纺纱方法中基本工艺参数的作用分析

为提高棉纺环锭细纱的成纱质量,提出并介绍了假捻集聚纺纱方法.通过纺纱实验研究采用这种纺纱方法时假捻器转速比、转向以及牵伸形式对纱线条干CV值、毛羽指数、断裂强度和断裂伸长率的影响.结果表明:皮圈牵伸系统所纺纱线质量要好于简单罗拉牵伸系统;假捻器的转向要根据粗纱的捻向而定,如果粗纱为Z捻,则假捻器应为逆时针转动;假捻器转...     

试论染色过程的优化控制

阐述了染色过程最优化控制原则，吸附控制和化学控制的方法和效果。并指出，对酸性染料染羊毛和蚕丝以及分散染料染涤纶，宜采用温度控制方法；对于酸性染料染聚酰纤维宜采用ＰＨ值控制，对于直接或活必料上染纤维素纤维宜采用电解质控制     

目标控制限在质量控制中的应用研究

目的 建立一种快速简便、准确可靠的确定目标控制限的方法。方法 选取均匀、稳定的标准奶粉样品, 采用GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定》检测蛋白质的含量, 利用三天三平行实验数据计算方法的目标控制限, 并对目标控制限质控图与标准偏差质控图进行分析比较。结果 实验室蛋白质方法目标控制限为质量分数的2.8%, 目标控制限质控图与标准偏差质控图的质控限相接近。结论 通过本文方法建立实验室目标控制限准确可行, 并且操作简便, 为实验室日常检测工作提供参考。     

压力筛控制的发展现状与思考

以废纸浆筛选为例,介绍了压力筛在相关工段的应用和通常采用的控制方案,着重介绍了制浆工段压力筛的控制,包括堵网顺控、排渣率控制和重渣时序控制等。     

气动包装机械计算机控制与定位方法

气动包装机已在国内外广泛推广使用, 因为气动包装是有高速无污染机构, 简单成本低廉等优点,但在包装过程中如何实现准确快速定位,实现精确送料、封口、计量、打印等动作,要求机械控制系统重复精度要高。应用本系统原理设计的各类气动包装机械,不但可以实现计算机全自动化控制,而且具有非常好的使用性能,本文研究重点推出了应用“ＰＣＭ”控制的廉价气动控制新途径。     

织物生产设备的多轴线协调分部传动控制

主要研究织物生产线复杂设备中的多电机协调分部传动控制原理及其系统结构,并将其归纳为:开环闭环速度链式系统结构;速差校正的速度链式系统结构;特殊中间协调变量校正的速度链式系统结构等3大类型的分部传动控制系统,以适应各种生产设备的要求。最后讨论了各种系统的技术实现问题。     

Effects of gamma radiation on the Mediterranean flour moth,Ephestia kuehniella Zeller,mature larvae and acceptability of irradiated larvae by Bracon hebetor say females

Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, mature 5th instars were exposed to gamma radiation dosages ranging from 50 to 350 Gy at 50 Gy increments and the effects on pupation, adult emergence and sex ratio were investigated. In addition, effects of irradiation on the rate of development to pupae and adults and the acceptance of irradiated larvae by Bracon hebetor Say females were examined. Results showed that the radio-sensitivity of E. kuehniella larvae increased with increasing dose. Pupation was significantly affected at 100 Gy and completely prevented at 350 Gy. Adult emergence was only slightly different from pupation; emergence was significantly affected at 100 Gy and completely prevented at 300 Gy. Irradiation also negatively affected the rate of development of larvae to pupae and adults. In addition, irradiation significantly affected male: female ratio; sex ratio was skewed in favour of males, and at 250 Gy all emerged moths were males. Furthermore, irradiation had no adverse effect on the degree of acceptance of mature larvae to parasitization; irradiated insects were as acceptable to B. hebetor females as nonirradiated ones.     

采用嵌入式处理器与可编程逻辑阵列的分布式圆机控制系统设计

为提高国产高档针织圆机的控制技术,针对现有圆机控制系统因采用集中式控制方式而存在系统扩展性较差,稳定性不够,控制对象复杂多样等问题,采用集中管理分散控制的分布式层次化结构体系,运用嵌入式控制技术,使用模块化电路设计方法,开发了一种基于嵌入式处理器STM32与可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)的分布式圆机控制系统。实际应用表明,该系统不仅实现了圆机控制系统的所有功能,而且具有系统稳定性高,可扩展性好,控制容易等特点,从而极大地提高了控制系统的实时性。     

Rhyzopertha dominica adult mortalities after exposure to indigenous Beauveria bassiana isolates from stored-grain pests: Effects of certain factors in sampling process

In search for potential entomopathogenic fungi for microbial control of Rhyzopertha dominica, 75 Beauveria bassiana isolates previously recovered from stored-grain insects sampled in Adana and Mersin provinces of Turkey were tested and the mortality levels were used to evaluate possible effects of three sampling factors on encountering potential isolates. In the bioassays, twenty adults were exposed to 1000 ppm spores mixed into wheat kernels and adult mortalities after 14 days were used for statistical analysis. The relations between mortalities and 1) species of host insects from which isolates were obtained, 2) collection season –summer or autumn– of host insects from storage facilities, and 3) time of host insect's death –before or after collection– were evaluated. Considerable variations in mortalities were detected (13.67%–100%) depending on isolates. Amongst twelve Adana isolates, isolate 155657 caused the highest mortality. Eleven Mersin isolates were found to be effective against R. dominica. There was no correlation between R. dominica mortality and insect species from which isolates were obtained. Statistically, the frequency of potential isolates was higher in Adana samples collected in summer months compared to that in autumn months; however, sampling season did not have a significant effect in Mersin. The frequency of potential B. bassiana isolates was significantly higher when isolation was made from hosts that died in laboratory after sample collection compared to those isolated from hosts already dead at the time of collection. This study demonstrated that stored-grain insects are a good source of finding various B. bassiana isolates with different efficacy levels. At least for stored-grain insects, specifically sampling targeted species does not significantly increase the chance of finding highly potential isolates. However, retaining alive sampled insects can increase the likelihood of encountering isolates with high efficacy.     

Analysis of industry-generated data. Part 2: Risk-based sampling plan for efficient self-control of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk

Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM1) contamination in 21 969 milk samples taken in Italy during 2005–08 and 2010 provided the basis for designing an early warning self-control plan. Additionally, 4148 AFM1 data points from the mycotoxin crisis (2003–04) represented the worst case. No parametric function provided a good fit for the skewed and scattered AFM1 concentrations. The acceptable reference values, reflecting the combined uncertainty of AFM1 measured in consignments consisting of milk from one to six farms, ranged from 40 to 16.7 ng kg^?1, respectively. Asymmetric control charts with these reference values, 40 and 50 ng kg^?1 warning and action limits are recommended to assess immediately the distribution of AFM1 concentration in incoming consignments. The moving window method, presented as a worked example including 5 days with five samples/day, enabled verification of compliance of production with the legal limit in 98% of the consignments at a 94% probability level. The sampling plan developed assumes consecutive analyses of samples taken from individual farms, which makes early detection of contamination possible and also immediate corrective actions if the AFM1 concentration in a consignment exceeds the reference value. In the latter case different control plans with increased sampling frequency should be applied depending on the level and frequency of contamination. As aflatoxin B₁ increases in feed at about the same time, therefore a coordinated sampling programme performed by the milk processing plants operating in a confined geographic area is more effective and economical then the individual ones. The applicability of the sample size calculation based on binomial theorem and the fast response rate resulting from the recommended sampling plan were verified by taking 1000–10 000 random samples with replacement from the experimental databases representing the normal, moderately and highly contaminated periods. The efficiency of the control plan could be substantially enhanced if the dairy farms used feed with a tolerable level of AFB1.     

Analysis of potential adulteration in herbal medicines and dietary supplements for the weight control by capillary electrophoresis

Four different phytopharmaceutical dosage forms for use in weight control programs were analyzed. Two different ground herbal blends and their correspondent infusions, a capsule and a tincture were investigated for the presence of compounds used as adulterants in these products. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed and validated. The optimized experimental conditions were: BGE, sodium tetraborate buffer 20 mM, pH 9.2, voltage applied 30 kV, capillary temperature 25 °C, injection sample at 0.5 Psi during 5 s. Ephedrine, norephedrine, caffeine and furosemide were baseline separated in less than 7 min; the migration times were found to be 2.65, 2.90, 3.75 and 6.58 min, respectively. The analysis showed in sample 3 concentrations of 0.45 ± 0.03 mg g⁻¹ (ephedrine), 0.33 ± 0.02 mg g⁻¹ (norephedrine), 1.09 ± 0.41 mg g⁻¹ (caffeine) and 0.80 ± 0.17 mg g⁻¹ (furosemide). Caffeine content in samples 1, 2 and 4 was 0.61 ± 0.06 mg g⁻¹, 15.66 ± 1.05 mg g⁻¹ and 2.27 ± 0.13 mg ml⁻¹, respectively. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 1–1000 μg ml⁻¹. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined as 0.42 μg ml⁻¹ and 1.40 μg ml⁻¹ (ephedrine), 0.47 μg ml⁻¹ and 1.40 μg ml⁻¹ (norephedrine), 0.12 μg ml⁻¹ and 0.48 μg ml⁻¹ (caffeine), 0.22 μg ml⁻¹ and 0.73 μg ml⁻¹ (furosemide).