活性阳离子染料毛／腈染色工艺初探

本文讨论了pH值和几种常用助剂对活性阳离子染料上染羊毛、腈纶的影响,及后处理条件对羊毛上固色率的影响,并对活性阳离子染料在羊毛纤维上固色率的测定方法进行了选择。     

含复合双活性基的KE型红色活性染料的构效关系研究

合成了含有不同桥基的7只复合双活性基的红色染料,并进行了物化参数的测定及结构表征,研究了这类染料的构效关系。结果表明:染料结构的平面性或线性越好,分子间越易缔合,摩尔消光系数εmax越低;染料的直接性越大,其竭染率和固色率高,但初染速度过快,移染性和匀染性乃至牢度稍差;染料线性结构差,其移染性、匀染性和易洗涤性好,但竭染率与固色率较低;用脂肪族软链段作桥基,或在芳香族桥基芳环上引入甲基,能使染料分子的缔合程度下降,改善了以芳香族二胺为桥基染料的上染性能,赋予染料适中的直接性,平缓的上染速度,优异的匀染性及较好竭染率和固色率及各项牢度。染料的提升力也有较大提高。     

分散染料微孔膜染色方法及机理分析

本文通过向染色系统中加入不同性质的有机溶剂,提高了上染率,并分析得出提高上染率的关键原因是溶剂对染料一定的溶解度和膜内外的浓度梯度为染料单分子跨膜提供了推动力。     

不同影响因子对虫螨腈微乳剂理化性质的影响

研究了助溶剂、表面活性剂等不同影响因子对虫螨腈微乳剂理化性质的影响,测定了其低温和热贮稳定性等理化性状。结果表明,表面活性剂的HLB值大于12.6、助溶剂为环己酮时配制的微乳剂较好;采用适当的离子/非离子表面活性剂搭配可以在表面活性剂用量较低时即获得理化性质稳定的微乳液。在近中性条件下,不同因子对10%虫螨腈微乳剂热贮分解率基本没有影响。     

护色洗衣液的研制与研究

将市售固色剂、抗染料迁移剂分别配入洗衣液中,通过固色实验、抗染料迁移实验、配伍性实验,考察了不同护色剂在洗衣液中的护色效能。实验结果表明,洗衣液中加入质量分数为0.25%护色剂X时,固色性能、抗染料迁移性能较好。在此基础上配伍0.25%HP66K时,洗衣液抗染料迁移性能更佳。洗衣液配方（添加护色剂X和HP66K）采用完全非离子表面活性剂体系时,其固色性能、抗染料迁移性能较佳。     

不同影响因子对苯醚甲环唑微乳剂理化性质的影响

从助溶剂、表面活性剂、水质等不同影响因子对苯醚甲环唑微乳剂理化性质的影响进行了研究,测定了其低温和热贮稳定性等理化性状。结果表明,表面活性剂的HLB值〉11．5、助溶剂为甲醇时配制的微乳剂较好,不同水质均可配出外观均相透明的微乳剂,采用适当的离子/非离子表面活性剂搭配可以在表面活性剂用量较低时获得稳定的微乳剂。     

1%米尔贝微乳剂的研制

对有效成分为40%的米尔贝霉素原药,通过不同溶剂、表面活性剂、助溶剂、防冻剂的配方筛选试验,且进行相关理化性质的检测,得到优化配方为米尔贝霉素原药2.5%、有机溶剂8%、表面活性剂16%、助溶剂2%、防冻剂5%、水余量的1%米尔贝微乳剂.并针对小菜蛾、红蜘蛛进行药效试验,证明1%米尔贝微乳剂对这2种田间害虫有较好的防治效果.     

分散剂对分散染料高温分散稳定性和染色性能的影响

分散染料的高温分散稳定性,对染料的染色性能有直接影响。在染浴中加入不同分散剂等助剂,测定其对染产的高温分散稳定性、上染率和移染率的影响。证明一些助剂可以提高染料恶性循环和染色性能。而另一些则有不利作用,合理选用助剂可以提高分散当杰染色的高温分散稳定性和染色性能。     

涤纶染色净洗剂的研究开发

阐述了涤纶染色时用到的分散剂和匀染剂的作用机理及结构对各自性能的影响,由于上染过程和净洗过程中分散、增溶机理的相似性,从染色表面活性剂的结构对分散染料的分散性、增溶性和亲和力的影响来分析纯表面活性剂性质的：分散染料净洗剂的开发方向。总结了适宜做分散染料净洗组分的助剂结构类型,并列出已有的一些分散染料免还原净洗产品。     

平平加O在羊毛弱酸性染料染色中的作用研究

一、前言平平加O是聚氧乙烯类非离子表面活性剂。在羊毛用弱酸性染料的染色中,平平加O是常用的助剂。关于非离子型表面活性剂在羊毛染色中的作用已有很多报道。Gawith在染液中加聚氧乙烯数不同的非离子表面活性剂,浓度为2.5～10％,用染物的K/S值表示染色程度,结果是非离子表面活性剂使染色程度降低。胡蓓弟等用5％的非离子表面活性剂进行了试验,结果降低了染料的上染率。上述报道没有涉及非离子表面活性剂对染色速率,特别是初染速率的影响。而在实际的染色中,非离子表面活性剂的浓度一般为1％左右,比他们     

Influence of Nonionic Surfactant on Hydrolysis of Vinyl Sulfone Reactive Dye

Nonionic surfactants are widely used in reactive dyeing processes, and the interaction between surfactants and reactive dyes affect the hydrolytic property of reactive dyes. In this study, reactive brilliant blue KN‐R (C.I. reactive blue 19) was employed as a model dye, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO‐9) was selected as a model nonionic surfactant. The interaction was first investigated in aqueous solutions by a UV‐spectrophotometry method, then the effect of surfactant concentration on the hydrolytic behavior of KN‐R was studied using high performance liquid chromatography method. Below the critical micelle concentration, the surfactant served as dispersant; the hydrolysis of reactive dye was accelerated. However, when the concentration of surfactant was above its critical micelle concentration, the dye was solubilized into the micellar phase, which was revealed from the changes in absorbance intensity and wavelength of the maximum absorbance. This led to slowed hydrolysis of reactive dye. These findings are useful in understanding the effect of concentration of nonionic surfactant on the hydrolysis of vinyl sulfone reactive dyes.     

提高深色羊绒摩擦牢度的研讨

深色羊绒摩擦牢度与纤维本身所合“杂质”有关，染色前，用合有替合剂和表面活性剂的水溶液进行前处理，用媒介染料染羊毛时添加分散替合剂，用Lanasol活性染料染羊毛时添加由异丁醇、苄醇、脂肪叔胺聚氧乙烯改组成的匀染剂可以提高摩擦牢度。探讨了染料的化学结构、染料的纯度、染料的提升力、染色后处理与干、湿摩擦牢度的关系。     

The effect of polyhydroxyurethane on dyeing of cellulosic fabrics with direct and reactive dyes

Dye yields and fastness properties are reported for direct and reactive dyes using a modified dyeing solution with polyhydroxyurethane. Excellent dye yields and colour fastness properties were obtained without the use of electrolytes, multiple rinsing or fixation agents, which are normally employed in cotton dyeing. From the results, it was found that polyhydroxyurethane media exhibit better dyeability and fastness than the normal aqueous media. Dye adsorption in polyhydroxyurethane media was much higher than in other aqueous systems. The dyed samples showed good hot pressing and washing colour fastness properties within the color change range. The excellent solubility of these dyes in the polyhydroxyurethane aqueous solution makes them ideal for use in exhaustion dyeing.     

Liposomes of phosphatidylcholine: a biological natural surfactant as a dispersing agent

Disperse dyes are very hydrophobic molecules that in their commercial form are usually milled in the presence of large amounts of dispersing agents (synthetic surfactants). Other dispersing agents are added as auxiliaries during the dyeing process. These synthetic surfactants were substituted for liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine, a well-known biological surfactant of natural origin which is environmentally friendly, and liposomes were studied as a dispersing agent in polyester dyeing.
The physicochemical behaviour of dye dispersion was analysed by two experimental measurements: the aggregation process of dye particles by filtration of dispersion and the determination of the turbidity ratio. The results obtained show the usefulness of liposomes as a dispersing auxiliary in a dyeing process, avoiding aggregation of dye molecules at high temperatures. Moreover, polyester dyeing shows similar final exhaustions, approximately 90%, at different kinetics, when liposomes are used.     

新型碱剂E在活性染料染色中应用

新型碱剂E替代传统固色剂是活性染料染色的新技术之一,本文比较了新型碱剂E和纯碱固色的染色效果,研究了新型碱剂E固色时影响染色效果的因素,对染色工艺进行了优化,结果表明:优化的一浴法染色工艺C所得染色织物的表面得色高,鲜艳度好;各项色牢度达到或超过常规纯碱染色工艺;优化工艺缩短了染色时间30分钟,简化了操作,节省能源消耗。     

Adsorption and fixation of a reactive dye on cotton in non-aqueous systems

The dyeability of a reactive dye, CI Reactive Red 2, on cotton in non-aqueous media has been investigated using a reverse-micellar solution. Reverse micelles comprising Aerosol-OT/iso-octane were taken as a model for dyeing in non-aqueous systems. The reactive dye was satisfactorily solubilised in the interior of the reverse micelle. Exhaustion of the reactive dye on cotton from the reverse micellar solution was excellent even in the absence of a dyeing auxiliary. Effective fixation was achieved by the use of a separate reverse-micellar solution containing a suitable alkali. It has also been shown that fixation can be successfully achieved using an alternative thermal process without the need for alkali.     

Mesoporous alumina (I): Comparison of synthesis schemes using anionic, cationic, and non-ionic surfactants

A series of mesoporous alumina was prepared using a selected group of anionic, non-ionic, and cationic surfactants with Al-tri-sec-butoxide or Al³⁺ in organic solvent with stoichiometric amount of water, and in aqueous solution with different hydrolyzing agents, or with complexing agent at room temperature to 100 °C. A comparison of the physicochemical properties of the materials prepared was made with respect to surface area, thermal stability, and porosity. Anionic surfactants in aqueous solution produced thermally unstable materials but in organic solvent resulted in a moderately stable alumina phase. Both cationic and non-ionic surfactants produced thermally stable mesoporous alumina after removal of the surfactant upon calcination at 500 °C when the materials were synthesized in organic solvents. Overall, mesoporous alumina prepared with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in sec-butanol in the optimized substrate composition of Al:surfactant:H₂O:solvent = 1.0:0.3:2.0:15 exhibited the best textural property among the various synthesis systems investigated.     

Non‐thermal plasma degradation of dye using an underwater dielectric barrier discharge created inside a porous hydrophobic ceramic tube

An alternating‐current‐driven, atmospheric‐pressure, non‐thermal plasma reactor was applied to the degradation of dye in water. The plasma reactor, made of a porous hollow ceramic tube, was placed underwater and was able to disperse plasmatic gas containing various reactive species into aqueous dye solution as small bubbles through the micropores of the tube. The hydrophobic coating on the surface of the ceramic tube effectively prevented the water from permeating through it. This wastewater treatment system was able immediately to transfer plasmatic gas to aqueous solution across the porous ceramic tube and provide a large gas–liquid interfacial area, allowing efficient dye treatment. So as to simulate real dyeing wastewater, an aqueous solution comprising two different azo dyes was used. The effect of discharge power, treatment time, and flow rate of oxygen used for the creation of plasma was examined. The results suggest that this system may be useful for the treatment of organic wastewater.     

表面活性剂复配原理及其在纺织印染工业中的应用

以新合纤印染助剂为例,着重讨论了不同类别的表面活性剂相互复配后的增效作用,以及表面活性剂复配物的表面特性与润湿,拒水,分散,匀染等应用性能之间关系。为合理选择印染助剂提供理论依据和科学方法,并对其它助剂的复配亦有一定的指导意义。     

新型碱剂E与活性染料的同步染色研究

制备新型碱剂E是一种有机碱缓冲体系,可取代纯碱用于各类活性染料的染色,可一次加入,用量为纯碱的1/7～1/12;染色过程中pH值稳定,并可抑制染色色斑的产生,改善其易洗涤性、干湿处理牢度。