微滴喷射增材制造技术现状及进展

微滴喷射技术具有高通量、低成本等特点,是目前最具发展潜力的增材制造技术之一。但传统微滴喷射技术无法满足不同材料增材制造中高黏度、高分辨率、高成型精度等的要求,了解微滴喷射的驱动方式和成型技术可以为解决上述问题提供思路。本文综述了微滴喷射发展历程,分类介绍了几类典型驱动方式的研究进展,基于材料特性和成型特点阐述了不同微滴喷射成型技术的适用范围、技术优势和存在问题,最后针对微滴喷射增材制造技术在打印原料、驱动方式和成型精度等方面存在的问题提出了可行思路。     

静电喷射法制备聚合物微球和微粒

介绍了静电喷射制备微球、微粒的原理、装置及所用聚合物。总结了静电喷射制备微球、微粒的影响因素及所制备微球、微粒的用途。静电喷射制备微球、微粒的影响因素主要包括电压、聚合物溶液流量、聚合物溶液浓度及电导率。已通过静电喷射制备微球、微粒的聚合物有聚己内酯、聚乳酸、聚丙交酯乙交酯、聚膦腈、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖等,主要用于药物、蛋白质、酶等生物活性分子的包埋研究。     

微纳米干粉体脉冲喷射燃烧法制备Y_2O_3∶Eu~(3+)发光材料芯片

采用基于微流体数字化技术的微纳米干粉体脉冲喷射燃烧法制备了Y2O3∶Eu3+发光材料芯片,用紫外分析仪和荧光光谱仪对材料芯片进行了分析和表征。与组合液滴喷射法的间接作业不同,微纳米干粉体脉冲喷射燃烧法直接喷射原材料粉体进行材料芯片制备作业,无需配制溶液或悬浮液,简化了制备工艺流程、提高了材料芯片制备效率。     

气溶胶微喷射打印柔性应变传感器及性能研究

目的 研究气溶胶微喷射打印工艺在制备柔性应变传感器方面的可行性。方法 利用气溶胶微喷射打印工艺不受限于柔性基底且打印定位精度高的优势,通过等离子清洗技术增大PDMS表面附着力,使用纳米银墨水与PDMS基底制作用于人体运动检测的电阻式柔性应变传感器。结果 通过等离子清洗PDMS基底表面,解决了打印过程中柔性应变传感器因PDMS表面纳米银液滴凝聚而产生的不导电问题。探究了气溶胶微喷射打印工艺参数对打印银线宽度的影响规律,发现增大鞘气流量或缩小喷头内径能有效减小打印线宽。利用高精度万用表检测由气溶胶微喷射打印制备的传感器在受力时产生的电信号,测试传感器在无应力状态下导电性良好且稳定,计算出传感器应变在3.5%内且灵敏度可达163.84。将传感器用于人体手指部位的运动监测,证明其具有检测微小信号的能力。结论 气溶胶微喷射打印工艺可用于制备所需要的柔性应变传感器,该传感器在智能穿戴设备方面具有一定应用潜力。     

气溶胶微喷射曲面共形打印影响因素的仿真分析与实验研究

目的 探究气溶胶微喷射曲面共形打印过程中的影响因素,并研究这些因素对打印线条最小特征线宽及形貌的影响规律。方法 针对微喷射曲面共形打印的影响因素,构建基于数值模拟及实验验证的研究模式。基于计算流体力学的数值模拟,对微喷射曲面共形打印过程中喷印头内气溶胶流束喷射的运动过程进行仿真分析。采用控制变量法研究气体流量、工作距离以及喷嘴大小对打印过程及打印线条的影响规律,并在此基础上设计单因素实验加以验证。结果 实验结果表明,最小特征线宽随鞘气流量的增大而逐渐减小,随载气流量、工作距离以及喷嘴直径的增大而逐渐增大。当载气流量为100 mL/min、鞘气流量为400 mL/min、工作距离为3 mm、喷嘴直径为500 μm时,打印线条的最小特征线宽可达43 μm,且未出现明显卫星液滴、沉积空洞及颗粒过喷等缺陷。结论 载气流量、鞘气流量、工作距离与喷嘴直径等因素显著影响了微喷射曲面共形打印柔性电路的最小特征线宽及微观形貌。实验结果与仿真数据具有相同的变化规律,验证了微喷射曲面共形打印仿真的可行性,为微喷射曲面共形打印的研究奠定了基础。     

微滴喷射玻璃化的过程损伤分析及保护剂优化

微滴喷射玻璃化保存系统产生的微滴尺寸较小,在较低浓度的低温保护剂条件下即可实现玻璃化。本文采用微滴喷射玻璃化保存系统对Hep G2细胞进行玻璃化保存,研究保护剂加载过程、喷射过程、接收过程及玻璃化/复温过程对细胞造成的损伤程度,并通过降低保护剂中Me₂SO浓度、添加适量海藻糖来优化保护剂配方。结果表明,微滴喷射玻璃化保存各过程对细胞均有损伤,保护剂加载过程、喷射过程、玻璃化及复温过程对细胞造成的损伤较大,薄片接收过程对细胞造成的损伤小。另外,随着保护剂中Me₂SO浓度的降低,低温保存后的细胞活性明显降低;保护剂浓度相同时,玻璃化保存效果较慢速冷冻效果好;适量的海藻糖能够起到增强低温保存效果的作用,过量则起到降低作用;以5%Me₂SO+0. 3 mol/L海藻糖作为低温保护剂玻璃化保存细胞时,细胞存活率达(92. 42±0. 95)%,24 h贴壁率达到(95. 64±1. 03)%,微滴喷射玻璃化效果最好。     

基于喷射效应的太赫兹高分辨成像研究与进展

太赫兹(THz)成像技术,因其具有能量低、透射率高、波谱范围宽等独特的分析能力,已经在生物医学、安全检查、航空航天等领域展现出巨大的优势及潜在的应用价值,但是较低的空间分辨率制约了太赫兹成像技术的进一步应用。太赫兹波通过具有适当折射率的介质结构产生的“太喷射”效应调控亚波长尺寸太赫兹光场,突破衍射极限对显微系统空间分辨率的限制,同时不损失光场能量和光谱信息,实现高通量、超宽谱的远场太赫兹高分辨成像。本文首先介绍基于纳米喷射的微球透镜显微技术,接着介绍基于太喷射的太赫兹显微技术,最后对基于喷射效应的太赫兹高分辨成像技术的前景做了展望。     

自蔓延高温合成表面涂层技术进展

介绍了自蔓延高温合成技术用于表面涂层的SHS熔铸涂层、SHS气相传输涂层、SHS铸渗涂层、SHS烧结涂层、SHS喷射沉积涂层和自反应涂层技术的原理、应用和发展 ,并指出了存在的问题     

最小体积法玻璃化保存的研究进展

在低温保存领域,玻璃化能有效防止冰晶的形成,具有良好的保存效果。玻璃化保存需要的条件是极快的降温速率和高浓度的低温保护剂,但高浓度低温保护剂会对细胞造成渗透损伤和毒性损伤。最小体积法能通过减小样本体积,大大提高降温速率,降低实现玻璃化所需的保护剂浓度。本文综述了最小体积法玻璃化保存的最新研究进展,包括有载体的微滴玻璃化保存、喷射微滴玻璃化保存、生物打印微滴玻璃化保存和微流体封装微滴玻璃化保存。其中,喷射微滴玻璃化保存、生物打印微滴玻璃化保存及微流体封装微滴玻璃化保存,是将新型的微滴产生技术与玻璃化技术相结合,因其能迅速产生大小均匀的微滴,具有高通量特点,在低温保存领域具有很大的发展潜力。     

微反应系统合成硝化甘油的工艺研究

为推动微化工技术在硝化甘油合成中的应用,通过自主设计的混沌式微混合器,以甘油、硝酸和硫酸为原料,研究了微反应系统连续合成硝化甘油的工艺。探究了微流道尺寸、反应物摩尔比及反应温度对微混合器内硝化甘油产率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:微流道直径1.0 mm,反应温度19 ℃,反应时间5 min,甘油与硝酸的摩尔比1.0∶4.5;此时,硝化甘油产率为50.9%,纯度为98.9%。     

无机材料喷墨制备新方法的进展

近年来, 喷墨制备技术被用于无机材料复杂三维结构无模成型和材料芯片的制备中, 受到了国内外研究人员的广泛关注. 本文综述了喷墨制备技术在无机材料多个方面的研究进展, 包括不同驱动模式的喷墨设备选择, 材料墨水的性能、无机材料复杂结构和材料芯片喷墨制备过程中存在的问题以及目前研究的热点问题等. 并介绍了作者在喷墨制备应用研究方面的进展, 包括电极制作和制备材料芯片用电磁式喷墨打印设备的建立.     

喷墨打印技术在功能材料精密器件加工中的应用

喷墨打印技术应用于聚合物成膜或成型,已成为功能聚合物沉积和精密器件加工领域的核心技术之一。介绍了喷墨打印技术在聚合物电致发光器件、有机薄膜晶体管、太阳能电池和传感器等领域的研究和应用进展,包括聚合物墨水的制备、薄膜均匀性、聚合物溶液与打印性能的关系、新型功能材料的研究和开发等问题,并指出了存在的问题和面临的挑战。     

Graphene-based conducting inks for direct inkjet printing of flexible conductive patterns and their applications in electric circuits and chemical sensors

A series of inkjet printing processes have been studied using graphene-based inks. Under optimized conditions, using water-soluble single-layered graphene oxide (GO) and few-layered graphene oxide (FGO), various high image quality patterns could be printed on diverse flexible substrates, including paper, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyimide (PI), with a simple and low-cost inkjet printing technique. The graphene-based patterns printed on plastic substrates demonstrated a high electrical conductivity after thermal reduction, and more importantly, they retained the same conductivity over severe bending cycles. Accordingly, flexible electric circuits and a hydrogen peroxide chemical sensor were fabricated and showed excellent performances, demonstrating the applications of this simple and practical inkjet printing technique using graphene inks. The results show that graphene materials-which can be easily produced on a large scale and possess outstanding electronic properties-have great potential for the convenient fabrication of flexible and low-cost graphene-based electronic devices, by using a simple inkjet printing technique.      

Inkjet‐Printed Nanocavities on a Photonic Crystal Template

The last decade has witnessed the rapid development of inkjet printing as an attractive bottom‐up microfabrication technology due to its simplicity and potentially low cost. The wealth of printable materials has been key to its widespread adoption in organic optoelectronics and biotechnology. However, its implementation in nanophotonics has so far been limited by the coarse resolution of conventional inkjet‐printing methods. In addition, the low refractive index of organic materials prevents the use of “soft‐photonics” in applications where strong light confinement is required. This study introduces a hybrid approach for creating and fine tuning high‐Q nanocavities, involving the local deposition of an organic ink on the surface of an inorganic 2D photonic crystal template using a commercially available high‐resolution inkjet printer. The controllability of this approach is demonstrated by tuning the resonance of the printed nanocavities by the number of printer passes and by the fabrication of photonic crystal molecules with controllable splitting. The versatility of this method is evidenced by the realization of nanocavities obtained by surface deposition on a blank photonic crystal. A new method for a free‐form, high‐density, material‐independent, and high‐throughput fabrication technique is thus established with a manifold of opportunities in photonic applications.     

美术纸市场前景看好

最近，喷墨打印技术又有了新的突破，出现了颜料墨介质与间隙多孔介质的组合体系，将取代染料与膨润型的组合体系，及新的溶剂墨介质与溶剂墨打印机的组合体系，都可使得打印的图像达到极高的彩色还原、色牢度和保存性，满足高端用途的要求，如：艺术品复制、家庭装饰等，因此不少著名企业大力开发专用的美术纸，其市场发展极为迅速，具有较高的利润空间和发展前景，本文专此进行综述。     

Morphology control of amino acid particles in interfacial crystallization using inkjet nozzle

The aim of this study is to apply the inkjet technique to liquid–liquid interfacial crystallization. Instillation with an inkjet nozzle was compared with the batch process in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the inkjet technique for controlling particle morphology. The effects of amino acid solution concentration and organic solvent type on particle properties were investigated for instillation with an inkjet nozzle. The morphology of alanine and glycine particles was observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The inner structure of alanine and glycine particles was investigated by cutting particles with an ion milling machine. Controlling particle size by adjusting the droplet size in the instillation with an inkjet nozzle was found to be feasible. Most alanine and glycine particles produced by instillation were spherical, whereas most particles produced by the batch process were non-spherical. A higher concentration of amino acid in the solution may lead to the generation of solute particles at the spherical interface. It was found that the surface structure of alanine particles changed when using two kinds of organic solvents as anti-solvents. In addition, instillation allowed for β-glycine to be identified and the crystal polymorph of the particles to be controlled.     

紫外线(UV)固化技术在数字成像材料中的应用(一)紫外线(UV)喷墨打印

近年来。数字成像技术不断提高和应用范围的迅速推广，也推动了UV固化技术在这一领域的融合和应用。取得了极大的成效，由于UV固化材料具有快速固化、高效、低污染、节能、优质等特点，很快发展成为一种新型的数字成像材料。目前已实现产业化的主要有UV喷墨打印、印刷电路版数字化制作、计算机直接制版CTP、立体光刻等四种技术，作者拟分为四个专胚予以阐述。本文主要讨论其第一个专题：UV喷墨、打印。     

微纤化纤维素对喷墨打印纸涂层性能的影响

目的研究微纤化纤维素作为添加剂对喷墨打印纸涂层性能的影响。方法以胶体二氧化硅为颜料,采用聚乙烯醇为胶黏剂,通过改变微纤化纤维素的添加量(0,0.3,0.5,0.8,1份)制备5组涂料,经过涂布、干燥、压光得到5种喷墨打印涂布纸,通过对涂料的粘度、纸张的物理性能、喷墨打印质量和动态渗透性等进行分析,研究微纤化纤维素对喷墨打印纸涂层性能的影响。结果微纤化纤维素可以降低喷墨打印纸涂层的粗糙度(47%),提高喷墨打印纸涂层的表面强度(36.7%),并对喷墨打印质量和涂层渗透性有很好的改善效果,并发现表面涂层被水浸透的时间与喷墨印刷性能有很好的相关性。结论当微纤化纤维素用量为0.5份左右时,纸张的喷墨打印性能最优。     

Inkjet printing of gadolinium-doped ceria electrolyte on NiO-YSZ substrates for solid oxide fuel cell applications

A sol–gel-based precursor solution of gadolinium-doped ceria (CGO) was developed for deposition by inkjet printing. A stable precursor was synthesised by dissolving stoichiometric amounts of cerium (III) acetate hydrate and gadolinium (III) acetate hydrate in propionic acid, and diluted to 0.75 M with 1-propanol. The sintering behaviour of the printed precursor was investigated. Since the commonly used method of dilatometry is only applicable to bulk samples, an alternative approach using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been explored. The sintering temperature of the printed precursor was estimated by subtracting contributions from energy stored due to heat capacity and activation energy of ionic mobility from the DSC heat flow signal. Based on this modelling it was found that the optimum sintering temperature of the acetate-based CGO precursor was 1100 ± 55 °C, a result independently confirmed by SEM imaging of printed precursor coating on NiO-YSZ cermet. A gadolinium-doped ceria (CGO) thin film was then directly deposited on a porous NiO-YSZ cermet anode composite by inkjet printing. After co-sintering, it was shown that crack-free and continuous coating thinner than 10 μm of CGO can be readily produced. These results suggest that the inkjet printing technique can be successfully implemented to fabricate a thin film of dense electrolyte (>98%) for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications.     

Patterning of carbon nanotube structures by inkjet printing of catalyst

The controlled deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has many potential applications in areas such as microfluidics and field emission arrays. The use of inkjet printing to deposit catalyst offers numerous advantages for these, particularly the ability to print arbitrary patterns at low cost. We use inkjet technology to deposit iron salts, which act as a catalyst from which CNTs are subsequently grown by chemical vapour deposition. In this study, we study the effect of the iron salt concentration on ink viscosity, as well as the printing quality using optical and electron microscopy. We find that the iron salt concentration has a significant effect on the pattern quality and, most importantly, allows for the production of controllable ring-like shapes with feature size smaller than that achievable by the print-head alone. These shapes are the result of a variation of the coffee-stain effect, and could be useful particularly in fabricating microfluidic devices. We show that iron salts are suitable CNT catalysts for deposition by inkjet printing, and that their concentration is crucial both for print quality as well as for the production of novel patterns by making use of the drying behaviour of the ink.