性别对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肌肉营养成分的影响

试验研究了不同性别的生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肌肉营养成分的差异。结果表明 ,在各生长阶段 ,阉公猪的日增重和日采食量均大于母猪。但只在 80～ 10 0kg生长阶段和全期 ,日增重才达到显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在 5 0～ 80kg和全期 ,阉公猪与母猪的日采食量达到显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。阉公、母猪各生长阶段的料重比差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;阉公猪的屠宰率略高于母猪 ;母猪的瘦肉率略高于阉公猪 ,但在统计上差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;背脂厚和眼肌面积均差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。阉公、母猪肌肉中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分含量也差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

茶多酚对生长育肥猪生长性能和肉质的影响研究

添加0.1%茶多酚复合添加剂能显著提高生长育肥猪的平均日增重、猪肉pH值;添加0.3%时能极显著提高平均日增重、pH值,极显著降低失水率;当添加水平继续增大时作用不大.荼多酚的添加对背膘厚度、瘦肉率和肉色影响不显著,但对猪肉VE和肌苷酸(IMP)的含量极显著增加.茶多酚复合添加剂的适宜水平为0.3%.     

育肥猪饲粮中添加高粱对饲料加工特性、生长性能以及胴体性状的影响

试验旨在研究育肥猪饲粮中添加高粱对加工特性、生长性能以及胴体性状的影响。试验选取240头育肥猪(DLY,(48.94±3.06)kg)随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各半)。100%玉米组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,低、中、高高粱水平组分别用高粱替代基础饲粮中33.3%、66.6%和100%的玉米。结果表明,与玉米日粮相比,高粱日粮所得颗粒平均粒径和吨料耗电量明显增加(P<0.05),而颗粒饲料混合均匀度、含粉率和生产效率没有明显差异(P>0.05);与对照组和低高粱组相比,高高粱组颗粒硬度显著增加(P<0.05);饲粮中不同高粱含量对育肥猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比、胴体长、眼肌面积和屠宰率无显著影响(P>0.05)。3个高粱饲粮处理组较对照组胴体重没有明显差异,但低高粱组胴体重高于中高粱组和高高粱组(P<0.05)。说明本试验条件下,高粱经粉碎后平均粒径和吨耗电增加,部分或完全替代玉米使饲料颗粒硬度增加,然而对育肥猪生长性能和胴体性状无负面影响。     

磷脂豆粕在饲料及养殖过程中应用的研究

豆粕、磷脂为大豆提油主要副产物,将毛油脱胶所得磷脂回喷至豆粕中,干燥后制备成磷脂豆粕,可以提高饲料产品经济效益。通过研究发现磷脂豆粕中粗脂肪含量高出普通豆粕约119%,其制备的饲料消化能明显高于普通豆粕制备的饲料,根据猪的营养NRC净能体系计算可知,磷脂回喷技术后豆粕产品相应能量应调高689.33 kJ/kg。此外,断奶仔猪生长性能实验表明食用磷脂豆粕饲料猪的增重率及采食量明显升高,料重比及腹泻率明显降低。将磷脂回喷至豆粕中得到的磷脂豆粕可以提高饲料的营养价值,提高猪的生长速率,节约了饲料,为养殖户带来丰厚的经济效益,同时精炼厂对磷脂的合理处理提供了解决方案。     

凹凸棒石黏土对生长育肥猪生产性能、金属含量及肉品质的影响

研究凹土原土及热改性凹土对生长育肥猪生产性能、金属含量和肉品质的影响。选用体重约47kg健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交的生长育肥猪60头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加2%凹土原土、2%热改性凹土的试验日粮。结果表明:1)凹土原土和热改性凹土对生长育肥猪生产性能无显著影响(P0.05);2)凹土原土和热改性凹土降低血液中As、Pb、Cr含量和腿肌中Cr的含量(P0.05),热改性凹土显著提高血液中Mg含量(P0.05);3)凹土原土降低眼肌MDA(P0.05),凹土原土和热改性凹土降低眼肌中T-AOC的活性(P0.05);4)凹土原土提高眼肌p H45 min、a*45 min(P0.05),降低L*45 min、b*24 h和压力损失(P0.05)。添加凹土原土和热改性凹土能降低重金属在动物机体中的沉积、提高抗氧化能力进而改善肉品质,热改性凹土效果优于原土。     

苜蓿草粉替代部分全价日粮对杜洛克生长育肥猪生长性能的影响

为探讨紫花苜蓿草粉在纯种杜洛克猪中的适宜添加量,考察了苜蓿草粉替代部分杜洛克猪全价日粮对其生长性能及经济效益的影响.结果发现:在生长阶段,5%、10%的替代水平使得生长猪的平均日增重显著增加,料肉比下降;对平均日采食量的影响不显著.在肥育阶段,苜蓿草粉替代组的平均日增重、平均日采食量均低于对照组,其中10%替代组略低于对照组.苜蓿草粉替代部分日粮均降低了饲料成本.在生长阶段,所有处理组每1 kg增重饲料成本均低于对照组,最低的是10%替代组;在肥育阶段,10%替代组每1 kg增重成本低于对照组(P＞0.05).苜蓿草粉对社洛克猪生长阶段全价日粮的适宜替代水平为5%、10%,肥育阶段为10%.     

双低菜籽粕在生长肥育猪日粮中的应用研究

选取新英系大白生长肥育猪（去势公猪）６０头,随机分为５组（每组１２头,两个重复）、分前期（３０－６０kg)和后期（６０－９０kg)两阶段进行饲喂试验,对照组（第１组）为豆粕组,试验组（第２,３,４,５组）日粮中双低菜籽粕的用量比例,前期分别为８％,１０％,１３％,１６％,后期分别为１３％,１６％,１８％,２１％,平衡日粮可消化赖氨酸。结果表明：前期各组平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）;后期第５组与第１,２组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。试验组日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）降低,后期更突出。料肉比（Ｆ／Ｇ）前期各组基本相当,后期及全期第４组最好。第３,４,５组腹泻频率升高。试验猪各组日粮的干物质消化基本接近。第４,５组的粗才能量消化率低于第１,２,３组,试验各组猪的胴体品质未受影响,第１,２,３,４组的甲状腺相对重量差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,第１,２,３组的与第５组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）;第４组与第５组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

发酵啤酒糟含酶蛋白饲料取代豆粕饲喂生长育肥猪的研究

用适当比例的发酵啤酒糟取代部分豆粕饲喂生长育肥猪,结果表明:各组间日增重和饲料利用率均差异不显著(P>0.05),这表明试验组达到了与豆粕组同等的生产水平,完全可以部分替代豆粕。就经济效益而言,以发酵啤酒糟含酶蛋白饲料盈利最高,比对照组分别高2.57和1.80元/头;同时还表明,未发酵啤酒糟不适于直接饲喂生长育肥猪,Ⅰ型发酵啤酒糟优于Ⅱ型发酵啤酒糟。     

添加多花黑麦草对生长育肥猪的增重及效益影响

探讨多花黑麦草在猪日粮中的等量替代比例,将40头体重24kg左右的＂杜×长×大＂三元杂交仔猪随机分为4组,即对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ-Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加10%、20%和30%的多花黑麦草,观察其对生长育肥猪的生产性能及效益影响。结果表明：试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重比对照组分别提高6.33%（P〈0.05）、0.40%（P〉0.05）,试验Ⅲ组比对照组降低3.71%（P〉0.05）。料重比,试验Ⅲ组比对照组及试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别降低25.57%（P〈0.01）、11.91%（P〈0.05）、7.50%（P〉0.05）,试验Ⅱ组比对照组、试验Ⅰ组分别降低19.54%（P〈0.01）、4.76%（P〉0.05）,试验Ⅰ组比对照组降低15.51%（P〈0.05）。毛利润比对照组分别提高29.17%、24.94%和22.26%。以添加10%的多花黑麦草效果较好。     

低蛋白质 、无微量元素添加日粮对育肥猪生产性能 、氮利用及胴体性能的影响

试验选取平均初始体重(85.00±2.00)kg的杜×长×大育肥猪120头,随机分为3个组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪,预饲期5 d,试验期31 d。试验1组为基础日粮组(粗蛋白质质量分数为13.96%)、试验2组为低蛋白质-氨基酸平衡日粮组(粗蛋白质质量分数为9.87%)、试验3组为低蛋白质-氨基酸平衡、无微量元素添加日粮组(粗蛋白质质量分数为9.87%+不添加微量元素的预混料)。结果显示,与基础日粮组相比,试验2组和试验3组的平均日采食量、平均日增重有下降趋势(P0.05),耗料增重比升高(P0.05);试验2组和试验3组的摄入氮含量分别低于试验1组31.96%和30.84%(P0.05);各组粪氮百分含量无显著变化(P0.05);试验2组和试验3组的尿氮浓度分别低于试验1组23.93%和15.64%(P0.05);与试验1组相比,试验2组和试验3组的胴体重和背膘厚度有升高趋势(P0.05)、眼肌面积及屠宰率均无显著变化;所有组的肉品质性状均无显著差异。研究表明,基础日粮粗蛋白质水平降低4个百分点,微量元素降低14%～60%后,育肥猪的生长性能、胴体性能及肉品质性状均无显著变化,但是均能够显著降低氮摄入量和氮排放量。     

发酵菜籽饼在生长肥育猪日粮中的应用研究

研究试验日粮采用发酵菜籽饼等能等蛋白替代豆粕对生长肥育猪的应用效果。对照组饲喂基础日粮;生长阶段：Ⅰ组发酵菜籽饼替代30％豆粕,Ⅱ组发酵菜籽饼替代60％豆粕;育肥阶段：Ⅰ组发酵菜籽饼替代50％豆粕,Ⅱ组发酵菜籽饼替代100％豆粕。分别考察两阶段猪的生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道菌群变化。生长阶段发酵菜籽饼替代30％豆粕和育肥阶段发酵菜籽饼替代50％豆粕对猪的生长性能无不良影响,改善了机体蛋白质和糖代谢及肠道菌群组成,促进机体生长发育。采用混菌发酵菜籽饼能够有效改善菜籽饼的饲用品质,提高了菜籽饼在日粮中的添加比例,但适宜的添加比例有待进一步研究。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of cysteamine on growth performance,carcass quality,serum hormones and gastric ulcer in finishing pigs

A study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dietary inclusion of a cysteamine (Cs) preparation on growth performance, carcass quality, plasma hormone levels, gastric pH and occurrence of gastric ulcer in finishing pigs. A total of 384 Landrace × Large White finishing pigs, (192 gilts and 192 barrows) with an average initial body weight of 66.05 ± 0.623 kg (mean ± SEM) were randomly divided into 24 floor pens, with eight gilts and eight barrows in each pen (9.2 m²) as one experimental unit. The 24 pens of pigs were randomly allocated to one of three diets: (1) a maize/soybean meal basal diet; (2) the basal diet plus 30 mg Cs kg^?1 diet; and (3) the basal diet plus 50 mg Cs kg^?1 diet. Dietary supplementation of Cs had quadratic effects (P < 0.01) on final body weight and average daily gain, with optimal responses occurring at 30 mg kg^?1. Dietary supplementation of Cs quadratically improved (P < 0.01) average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio, with optimal responses occurring at 30 mg kg^?1. Dietary supplementation of Cs had a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on muscle RNA/DNA ratio. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of Cs reduced (P < 0.05) back‐fat thickness. Dietary supplementation of Cs had quadratic effects (P < 0.05) on plasma glucagon and T₃ hormone levels, with optimal responses occurring at 30 mg kg^?1, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on plasma growth hormone, insulin and T₄ levels. There were no apparent pathological changes seen in the stomach mucosa of pigs fed at 30 mg Cs kg^?1 compared with the control diet. It is concluded that a low dose of dietary inclusion of Cs at 30 mg kg^?1 can improve growth performance and carcass quality without adverse effects on the stomach in finishing pigs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

低聚壳聚糖对生长育肥猪抗氧化性能、脂类代谢和肌肉品质的影响

研究低聚壳聚糖对生长育肥猪抗氧化性能、脂类代谢和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,低聚壳聚糖组可显著提高血清总抗氧化能力,其中40mg/kg低聚壳聚糖组达到极显著水平(P<0.01);对血清过氧化氢酶活性、丙二醛浓度和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05);可降低血清中总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);20mg/kg低聚壳聚糖能显著提高宰后眼肌L*45min(P<0.05),显著降低眼肌a*45min和a*24h(P<0.05),40mg/kg低聚壳聚糖也能显著降低眼肌a*24h(P<0.05),但两者对眼肌熟肉率、蒸煮损失、失水率、滴水损失和pH值无显著影响(P>0.05)。低聚壳聚糖以40mg/kg添加量较好。     

Effects of cooked or roasted full-fat soya bean and soya bean meal on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Abstract : Three maize-based diets were formulated to contain 25% each of cooked, or locally roasted full-fat soya bean, or 20% soya bean meal. The diets were fed to 24 Large White, Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc crossbred pigs from 32·75 kg average weight to 60·2 kg liveweight in a single-way classification bireplicate trial. Average daily feed, average daily gain and feed to gain ratios for the respective diets were 2·19, 2·05 and 2·16 kg; 0·58, 0·60 and 0·61 kg; and 3·88, 3·50 and 3·62. These differences were not statistically significant (P > 0·05). The linear measures and jointed proportions of the carcasses, as well as pig organ weights, were statistically the same for the three test diets. The pigs fed full-fat soya bean however produced soft-fat carcasses. These results suggest that full-fat soya bean, which is appropriately heat-processed, may effectively replace soya bean meal in growing-finishing pig diets.     

Effect of amino acid level in the pig diet during growing and early finishing on growth response during the late finishing phase of lean meat type gilts

BACKGROUND: This experiment examined the influence of different amino acid levels during the growing and early finishing diet and the late finishing diet on growth performance and carcass quality of a lean meat type gilt. In a two by two factorial trial, 96 gilts were divided over four treatments. The two factors were (1) amino acid level in growing and early finishing and (2) amino acid level in late finishing. For the low amino acid diets we lowered the lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan levels by 20% and 30% in the growing and two finishing phases, respectively. RESULTS: Restricting amino acid levels in growing and early finishing led to a decreased growth rate but improved efficiency of amino acid use, which lasted into the subsequent phase. Pigs on a high amino acid diet in late finishing pigs were able to compensate to a large extent for amino acid restriction in growing and early finishing. Amino acid content in late finishing determined carcass quality. CONCLUSION: In the lean meat type gilts used in this experiment, restricting amino acid concentrations by 20% in the growing and 30% in the early finishing phase increased the growth rate and efficiency of growth in the subsequent late finishing phase. In order to obtain good carcass quality, it is crucial to provide the animals with a balanced diet during the late finishing phase. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

大豆油脚生产脂肪酸的工艺研究及经济效益评价

通过对大豆油脚生产脂肪酸的试验 ,研究了大豆油脚常压条件下水解的主要工艺条件和影响因素 ,为油脚水解脂肪酸工业生产中最佳工艺条件的选定提供了依据 ,并对其生产的经济效益进行了评价     

制盐工业经济效益的因子分析及对策研究

本文运用因子分析的基本原理,建立了我国制盐工业经济效益评价的数学模型,测评了经济效益的基本情况,分析了经济效益的影响因素,探讨了提高经济效益的主要途径。     

木薯代替玉米对鹅饲养效果的研究

选择28日龄四川白鹅96只,随机分为4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复8只,进行为期42 d的饲养试验.结果表明:玉米组、木薯替代35%玉米饲粮组、木薯替代55%玉米饲粮组、木薯替代75%玉米饲粮组,平均日增重分别为42.30、39.19、39.38和39.82 g,但组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);各组鹅的胴体肉用性能指标无明显差异(P＞0.05);用木薯饲粮喂鹅会造成经济效益不同程度的下降.