Structure Elucidation and Cytotoxic Evaluation of New Polyacetylenes from a Marine Sponge Petrosia sp.

The sponge Petrosia sp. yielded five polyacetylenic compounds (1–5), including two new polyacetylenes, petrosianynes A (1) and B (2). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with the physical and spectral data of related known analogues. Compounds 1–5 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against a limited panel of cancer cell lines.     

Lysophospholipids from the Guangxi Sponge Spirastrella purpurea

Four known ( 1 – 4 ) and two new ( 5 and 6 ) lysophospholipids were isolated from the sponge Spirastrella purpurea from Weizhou Island, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. The structures of the new compounds ( 5 and 6 ) were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR (¹H and ¹³C NMR, ¹H–¹H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) as well as mass spectrometry and optical rotation experiments. The known compounds ( 1 – 4 ) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data and specific optical rotation with those reported in the literature. The isolated compounds displayed various moderate in vitro antifungal activities against four fungi (Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata, Trichophyton rubrum, and Aspergillus fumigatus), whereas they displayed no neuroprotective activity against Aβ_25‐35‐induced SH‐SY5Y cell damage.     

New Cytotoxic 24-Homoscalarane Sesterterpenoids from the Sponge Ircinia felix

Two new 24-homoscalarane sesterterpenoids, felixins F (1) and G (2), were isolated from the sponge Ircinia felix. The structures of new homoscalaranes 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, particularly with one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and, by comparison, the spectral data with those of known analogues. The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 against the proliferation of a limited panel of tumor cell lines was evaluated and 1 was found to show cytotoxicity toward the leukemia K562, MOLT-4, and SUP-T1 cells (IC₅₀ ≤ 5.0 μM).     

Isolation of Marine Paracoccus sp. Ss63 from the Sponge Sarcotragus sp. and Characterization of its Quorum-Sensing Chemical-Signaling Molecules by LC-MS/MS Analysis

Gram-negative bacteria often use N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum-sensing (QS) signal molecules. The present study aimed to identify and characterize the production of AHLs by Paracoccus sp. Ss63, which was isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Sarcotragus sp. High performance liquid chromatography – high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) provided evidence for the production, by Paracoccus sp. Ss63, of twelve saturated long-chain AHLs (3-OH-C10-HSL, 3-OH-C12-HSL, C10-HSL, 3-OH-C14-HSL, C12-HSL, 3-O-C16-HSL, 3-OH-C16-HSL, C14-HSL, 3-OH-C18-HSL, C16-HSL, 3-O-C18-HSL, and C18-HSL), along with four putative unsaturated long-chain AHLs (C10 : 1-HSL, 3-OH-C18 : 1-HSL, C16 : 1-HSL, and C18 : 1-HSL). The distribution of Paracoccus sp. Ss63 in different sponge species, as well as in seawater and marine sediment samples, suggests a mixed lifestyle for this bacterium, i.e., free-living and host-associated. The high pH of seawater is likely to inactivate the AHL signal molecules, and limit the possibility of AHLs to accumulate to the concentration required for QS-based gene regulation. We hypothesize that Paracoccus sp. Ss63 utilizes quorum sensing to sense and respond to the different environments it experiences, with an active QS only when found inside enclosed niches (host-associated and at lower pH).     

低密度阻燃闭孔海绵的研制

介绍了一种高发泡低密度NBR/PVC海绵的制作方法。最佳反应条件：m（NBR）/m（PVC）=70：30,硫化剂为硫磺,促进剂为BZ、EZ、M、D,发泡剂为AC,阻燃剂为氯化石蜡和三氧化二锑,产品采用的硫化方式为连续热空气硫化,温度为180℃,时间10min。     

发泡剂对丙烯酸酯橡胶发泡材料性能的影响

采用模压法制备丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)发泡材料,研究了发泡剂品种和用量对其性能的影响。结果表明:以发泡剂4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)或偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)制备ACM发泡材料时,最佳用量分别为ACM用量的6%和7%;以复合发泡剂AC/OBSH、AC/碳酸氢钠、OBSH/碳酸氢钠分别制备ACM发泡材料时,最佳使用量分别为ACM用量的7%、7%、6%;当三组复合发泡剂使用量相同时,复合发泡剂AC/OBSH制备的ACM发泡材料发泡倍率最大,微孔孔径较一致,分散均匀。     

洁净煤制取还原气技术生产海绵铁[上]

分析了BL法直接还原生产海绵铁工艺的特点,介绍了新型多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术工业实践与技术的特点,提出了新型多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术生产海绵铁并联产化工产品的设想。该技术对煤种适应性广,比其他煤基炼铁方法减少排放CO240%、NOX86%、SO281%。     

明胶海绵中明胶交联度的测定

利用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸与肽链中赖氨酸侧链ε-氨基发生反应,生成在346nm波长处有最大吸收峰的三硝基苯衍生物;测定明胶与甲醛发生交联前后明胶蛋白质肽链赖氨酸侧链ε-氨基数量变化,从而推知吸收性明胶海绵中明胶的交联程度。吸收性明胶海绵样品中明胶的交联度约为60%,这一结果为进一步提高该产品质量和性能提供依据。     

Structural Analysis of the Minor Cerebrosides from a Glass Sponge Aulosaccus sp.

The minor cerebrosides from a Far‐Eastern glass sponge Aulosaccus sp. were analyzed as constituents of some multi‐component RP‐HPLC fractions. The structures of eighteen new and one known cerebrosides were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, optical rotation data and chemical transformations. These β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→1)‐ceramides contain sphingoid bases N‐acylated with straight‐chain (2R)‐2‐hydroxy fatty acids, namely, (2S,3S,4R,11Z)‐2‐aminoeicos‐11‐ene‐1,3,4‐triol, acylated with 15E‐22:1, 16Z‐21:1, 15Z‐21:1, 15Z‐20:1, 15E‐20:1, 19:0, 18:0 acids, (2S,3S,4R)‐2‐amino‐13‐methyltetradecane‐1,3,4‐triol—with 19Z‐26:1, 16Z‐23:1, 23:0, 22:0 acids, (2S,3S,4R)‐2‐amino‐14‐methylpentadecane‐1,3,4‐triol—with 16Z‐23:1, 16E‐23:1, 15Z‐22:1, 22:0 acids, (2S,3S,4R)‐2‐amino‐14‐methylhexadecane‐1,3,4‐triol, linked to 16Z‐23:1, 15Z‐22:1 acids, (2S,3S,4R)‐2‐amino‐9‐methylhexadecane‐1,3,4‐triol—to 16Z‐23:1 acid, and (2S,3S,4R)‐2‐aminohexadecane‐1,3,4‐triol, attached to 15Z‐22:1 acid. The 13‐methyl and 9‐methyl‐branched trihydroxy sphingoid base backbones (C₁₅ and C₁₇, respectively) have not been found previously in sphingolipids. The ceramide parts, containing other backbones, present new variants of N‐acylation of the marine sphingoid bases with the 2‐hydroxy fatty acids. The combination of the instrumental and chemical methods used in this study improved the efficiency of the structural analysis of such complex cerebroside mixtures that gave more detailed information on glycosphingolipid metabolism of the organism.     

Cerebrosides from a Far‐Eastern Glass Sponge Aulosaccus sp.

Nine new cerebrosides 1a–d , 2a , 2b , 3a–c were found in the extract of a Far‐Eastern glass sponge Aulosaccus sp. (class Hexactinellida). These β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 1)‐ceramides contain sphingoid bases (2S,3S,4R,11Z)‐2‐aminoeicos‐11‐ene‐1,3,4‐triol (in 1a – d ), (2S,3S,4R,13Z)‐2‐aminoeicos‐13‐ene‐1,3,4‐triol (in 2a , b ) and (2S,3S,4R,13S*,14R*)‐2‐amino‐13,14‐methylene‐eicosane‐1,3,4‐triol (in 3a – c ), which are N‐acylated by (2R,15Z)‐2‐hydroxydocos‐15‐enoic (in 1a , 2a , 3a ), (2R,16Z)‐2‐hydroxytricos‐16‐enoic (in 1b , 2b , 3b ), (2R,17Z)‐2‐hydroxytetracos‐17‐enoic (in 1d ) and (2R)‐2‐hydroxydocosanoic (in 1c , 3c ) acids. The monoenoic and cyclopropane‐containing sphingoid bases of compounds 1a–d , 2a , 2b , 3a–c have not been found previously in any sphingolipids. The structures of the cerebrosides were elucidated on the basis of ¹H‐, ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, optical rotation data and chemical transformations. A simplified method for the assignment of the absolute configuration of 2‐hydroxy fatty acids by GC analysis of their (2R)‐ and (2S)‐oct‐2‐yl esters was proposed.     

Synthetic Efforts for Stereo Structure Determination of Cytotoxic Marine Natural Product Pericosines as Metabolites of Periconia sp. from Sea Hare

Pericosines are unique C₇ cyclohexenoid metabolites of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 fungus that was originally isolated from the sea hare, Aplysia kurodai. Pericosines show significant in vitro cytotoxicity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Pericosine A, in particular, shows the most potent activity and significant in vivo antitumor activity against P388 cells. Thus, pericosines are promising candidates for seed compounds of anticancer drugs. However, before the total syntheses of pericosines were accomplished, their stereo structures could not be determined by spectral analyses because they have multi-functionalized cyclohexenoid structures with torsional strain. In this review, synthetic efforts for pericosines in this decade are surveyed.     

Identification of Novel Acetylenic Alcohols and a New Dihydrothiopyranone from the Tropical Sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Reniochalina</Emphasis> sp.

Two new acetylenic alcohols (1–2) and a new dihydrothiopyranone (3) were isolated from the tropical sponge Reniochalina sp. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods to be (3R)-hydroxyoctatriacont-(4E)-en-1-yne (1), 5-hydroxyheptatriacont-(3Z)-en-1-yne (2) and 2-hexadecyl-2,3-dihydrothiopyran-4-one (3). The acetylenic alcohol (1) exhibited significant growth inhibitory effect against human tumor cell lines.     

Cytotoxic effect of functionalized superparamagnetic samarium doped iron oxide nanoparticles for hyperthermia application

Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) is an emerging and safe technique for cancer treatment. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy are widely adopted techniques for treating cancer but cause damage to the nearby healthy tissue. This paves the way for hyperthermia treatment for cancer. Since healthy cells are more heat-tolerant than malignant cells, magnetic nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties were used in hyperthermia treatment. Surface modified magnetite (Fe₃O₄) iron oxide nanoparticles with enhanced stability, solubility, bio-compatibility and magnetic property were employed in hyperthermia treatment. In the present study, Superparamagnetic Samarium doped magnetite (Fe₃O₄:Sm) nanoparticles were functionalized with Oleylamine (OAm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by the sol-gel process. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). From XRD data, the crystallite size of oleylamine coated samarium doped magnetite (OAm–Fe₃O₄:Sm) and PVA-coated samarium doped Fe₃O₄ (PVA- Fe₃O₄:Sm) were found to be 9.5 nm and 10.9 nm, respectively. TEM images of the functionalized nanoparticles were visualized as a spherical structure with reduced agglomeration. UV-DRS gives the bandgap value of OAm–Fe₃O₄:Sm and PVA- Fe₃O₄:Sm coated samarium doped magnetite to be 2.3 eV and 2 eV respectively. VSM measurement of OAm-Fe₃O₄:Sm and PVA- Fe₃O₄:Sm coated, showed superparamagnetic behaviour. The cytotoxicity study on the L929 cell line shows that both oleylamine and PVA-coated samarium doped magnetite were less toxic and biocompatible compared to the uncoated Fe₃O₄:Sm. The hyperthermia study reveals a rise in temperature within a few seconds with a high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value, confirming that the functionalized Samarium doped Fe₃O₄ was an effective nanomaterial for hyperthermia application.     

海洋稀有放线菌Actinomadura sp.SCSIO 4388次级代谢产物的研究

目的研究海洋稀有放线菌Actinomadura sp.SCSIO 4388的次级代谢产物。方法采用ODS反相硅胶中压柱色谱,正相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等方法分离纯化次级代谢产物;采用核磁13C NMR、1H NMR等波谱技术并结合已发表文献数据来鉴定其结构。结果从菌株Actinomadura sp.SCSIO 4388的发酵液萃取物中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为:(3Z,6E)-1-N-甲基-3-苯亚甲基-6-亚异丁基-2,5-二酮哌嗪(1),(3Z,6E)-1-N-甲基-3-苯亚甲基-6-(2S-甲基-3-羟亚异丙基)-2,5-二酮哌嗪(2),环(4-羟基-L-脯-L-苯丙)二肽(3),环(甘-L-亮)二肽(4),二羧酸吡咯(5)。结论化合物1–5均为首次从马杜拉放线菌属Actinomadura sp.SCSIO 4388中分离发现。     

共培养诱导海绵共附生微生物生产活性物质的研究

诱导共培养海绵共附生微生物生产活性物质是近些年研究开发海洋天然产物的重要方法之一。本文简要地介绍了海绵的结构及其共附生微生物,并着重阐述了海洋微生物诱导效应的发现以及海绵共附生微生物诱导培养的最新研究成果。最后,对今后进一步研究海绵共附生微生物诱导培养生产活性物质进行了展望。     

海绵铁催化除氧及脱铁装置的使用不当对锅炉缓蚀的影响

阐述了工业锅炉用海绵铁催化除氧设备及脱铁装置使用不当对锅炉及节能带来的影响和消除,从海绵铁的结构、除氧机理及脱铁装置的作用进一步缓蚀作用,使该设备能更好的服务于工业锅炉。     

Production,Biochemical Characterization and Detergents Application of Keratinase from the Marine Actinobacterium Actinoalloteichus sp. MA-32

The present study is the first report on poultry feathers as a novel, inexpensive substrate for the production of a thermo‐ and detergent stable keratinase from a marine actinobacterium belonging to the genus Actinoalloteichus. Medium composition and culture conditions for the keratinase production by Actinoalloteichus sp. MA‐32 were optimized using two statistical methods: Plackett–Burman design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield of enzyme production and central composite design used to optimize the concentration of the five significant variables: whole chicken feather, soy flour, MgSO₄·7H₂O, KH₂PO₄ and NaCl. The medium optimization resulted in a 19.30‐fold increase with a 31.99 % yield with a specific activity of 3842.57 U mg^?1 and the molecular weight was estimated as 66 kDa. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 8–10 and temperature 50–60 °C and it was most stable up to pH 12 and 10–14 % of NaCl concentration. The enzyme activity was reduced when treated with Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Tween‐80, 1,10‐phenanthroline and EDTA and stimulated by Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, SDS, ethoxylated (9.5EO) octylphenol, DMSO, sodium sulfite and β‐mercaptoethanol. The keratinase exhibited a significant stability and compatibility with most of the tested commercial laundry detergents, demonstrating its feasibility for inclusion in laundry detergent formulation. These results suggest that this extracellular keratinase may be a useful alternative and eco‐friendly route for handling the abundant amount of waste feathers or for applications in detergent formulation and other industrial processes.     

Assessing Carbohydrate–Carbohydrate Interactions by NMR Spectroscopy: The Trisaccharide Epitope from the Marine Sponge Microciona prolifera

Weak recognition processes : Weak calcium‐mediated carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions have been detected by DOSY and TRNOESY NMR methods by employing a gold glyconanoparticle as a multivalent system. In addition, 3D models of trisaccharide‐Ca^II‐trisaccharide complexes based on results from molecular dynamics simulations are proposed.

     

微生物Mucor sp.转化肉桂酸生成苯乙酮降解途径分析

利用GC-MS检测Mucor sp.转化肉桂酸的产物,对微生物Mucor sp.降解肉桂酸的途径进行了分析。β-苯乙醇首次作为微生物Mucor sp.转化肉桂酸生成苯乙酮的中间体在产物中被检测到。Mucor sp.降解肉桂酸的途径是:在肉桂酸的侧链双键上先发生环氧化反应得到3-苯基-2,3-环氧丙酸,环氧化合物经脱羧、还原开环得到中间体β-苯乙醇,β-苯乙醇经羟基转移和进一步催化氧化生成苯乙酮。     

Sustainable Hydrogen Photoproduction by Phosphorus-Deprived Marine Green Microalgae Chlorella sp.

Previously it has been shown that green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is capable of prolonged H₂ photoproduction when deprived of sulfur. In addition to sulfur deprivation (-S), sustained H₂ photoproduction in C. reinhardtii cultures can be achieved under phosphorus-deprived (-P) conditions. Similar to sulfur deprivation, phosphorus deprivation limits O₂ evolving activity in algal cells and causes other metabolic changes that are favorable for H₂ photoproduction. Although significant advances in H₂ photoproduction have recently been realized in fresh water microalgae, relatively few studies have focused on H₂ production in marine green microalgae. In the present study phosphorus deprivation was applied for hydrogen production in marine green microalgae Chlorella sp., where sulfur deprivation is impossible due to a high concentration of sulfates in the sea water. Since resources of fresh water on earth are limited, the possibility of hydrogen production in seawater is more attractive. In order to achieve H₂ photoproduction in P-deprived marine green microalgae Chlorella sp., the dilution approach was applied. Cultures diluted to about 0.5–1.8 mg Chl·L⁻¹ in the beginning of P-deprivation were able to establish anaerobiosis, after the initial growth period, where cells utilize intracellular phosphorus, with subsequent transition to H₂ photoproduction stage. It appears that marine microalgae during P-deprivation passed the same stages of adaptation as fresh water microalgae. The presence of inorganic carbon was essential for starch accumulation and subsequent hydrogen production by microalgae. The H₂ accumulation was up to 40 mL H₂ gas per 1iter of the culture, which is comparable to that obtained in P-deprived C. reinhardtii culture.