自粉化硫铝酸盐水泥系列研究之一——自粉化水泥制备及其性能研究

采用工业原料和化学试剂分别配制成一系列自粉化硫铝酸盐水泥。结果表明：自粉化水泥主要组成矿物为C4A3^-S、C4AF、γ-C2S和β-C2S。其中C4A3^-S是自粉化水泥产生早期（28d）强度的主要组分；C4AF和β-C2S也参与水化反应，但它们的水化活性远不及C4A3^-S；γ-C2S在后期则具有一定的水硬性，它对水泥石的长期强度发展是有益的；熟料中C4A3^-S设计含量不低于45％，γ-C2S含量在20％左右，β-C2S含量在4％-28％，C4AF含量在5％～20％，烧成温度1300℃，所配制的水泥具有早强的特点，可达到硅酸盐水泥42．5R强度要求。且水泥凝结时间、安定性均正常；C2S中β-C2S向γ-C2S的转晶率达0．4以上即可达到熟料85％的粉化率，且此时自粉化水泥水硬性损失较为有限：自粉化水泥较未粉化水泥1～7d强度下降5％左右，28d强度下降8％左右。     

含三嗪环阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的性能研究

研究了含三嗪环阴离子Gemini表面活性剂增溶、流变、溶致液晶、囊泡等性能。结果表明:增溶量随Gemini表面活性水基和联接基长度)对其水溶液的黏度有相同的影响;C6-2-C6、C8-2-C8、C8-3-C8、C8-4-C8、C8-6-C8、C12-2-C12在质量分数剂疏水链长度的增长而增大,C8-n-C8(n=23,4,6,)的增溶量随联接基长度增加而增加,C12-2-C12与SDS的复配体系比SDS的增溶量大,C12-2-C12与CTAB的复配体系比这2种表面活性剂单独使用时的增溶量小;Gemini表面活性剂溶液分子结构(疏分别为42.3%,37.8%,33.5%,30.4%,27.6%2,0.3%时均产生层状的溶致液晶;0.01 mol/L的单一Gemini表面活性剂水溶液均不能形成囊泡,而当n(C12-2-C12)∶n(CATB)为8∶2或9∶1时,复配体系的水溶液形成了大量的囊泡结构。     

RuAg/TiO2-C催化剂的制备及对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

采用改性溶胶-凝胶法和水热合成法制备了C掺杂多孔纳米TiO2,以其为载体制备了一种RuAg/TiO2-C催化剂.采用XRD、TEM、EDS、XPS及电化学分析对催化剂的结构和性能进行了表征,测定了其对甲醇的电催化氧化性能.结果表明,RuAg的负载和C的掺杂提高了TiO2对甲醇的电催化性能,RuAg/TiO2-C对甲醇电催化的循环伏安曲线中未见甲醇氧化中间产物的氧化峰,0.54 V处有一个较大的甲醇氧化峰,其峰电流密度为5.8 mA/cm2,RuAg/TiO2-C比商用PtRu/C催化剂具有更高的催化活性和抗毒性,RuAg合金的负载以及RuAg合金与C掺杂多孔纳米TiO2载体之间较强的相互作用是其对甲醇催化性能提高的主要因素.     

高效液相色谱快速测定茶叶中儿茶素的含量

分析了酸的种类及 pH对高效液相色谱 (HPLC)法测定表儿茶素 (EC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯 (ECG)、表没食子儿茶素 (EGC)、儿茶素 (C)和咖啡因的影响 ,实验表明 :酸尤其是乙酸不仅能改善各组分的峰形 ,而且对保留时间和出峰顺序均有较大的影响。确定了简单、快速分析 5种儿茶素及咖啡因的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用C18反相柱 ,水 -甲醇 -乙酸 ( 73. 0 / 2 3. 0 / 2 . 0 )为流动相 ,在流速为 1. 0mL·min-1,柱温 30℃ ,检测波长 2 80nm时等度洗脱分析样品 ,分析时间仅为 2 5min ,线性范围为 0 . 8～ 90mg·mL-1(r =0 998～ 0 999) ,回收率为 98. 2 %～ 10 0 . 3%,检测限为 5～ 10ng。     

采用两种多维色谱方式分析甲醇制烯烃产品气组分

甲醇制烯烃装置所生产的产品气组分包括C1-C8烃类,甲醇、二甲醚等含氧化物,氢气、氧气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等无机气体[1]。产品气是MTO装置的产品气,也是下游烯烃分离装置的原料气。产品气组分含量是判断MTO装置甲醇经二甲醚转换成烯烃的主要评价方式。本文根据分析重点的不同,采取两种多维色谱分析方式来分析产品气的组成。     

RuAg/TiO2-C催化剂的制备及对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

采用改性溶胶凝胶法和水热合成法制备了掺C多孔纳米TiO2,并以其为载体制备了一种RuAg/TiO2-C甲醇催化剂。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对催化剂进行了表征,测定了其对甲醇的电催化氧化性能。实验结果表明,RuAg的负载和C的掺杂能提高TiO2对甲醇的电催化性能,RuAg/TiO2-C对甲醇电催化的循环伏安曲线中未见甲醇氧化中间产物的氧化峰,0.544 V处有一个较大的甲醇氧化峰,其峰电流密度5.8 mA/cm2,RuAg/TiO2-C比商用PtRu/C催化剂具有更高的催化活性和抗毒性,RuAg合金的负载以及RuAg合金与掺C多孔纳米TiO2载体之间较强的相互作用是其对甲醇催化性能提高的主要因素。     

甲醛检测试剂

正甲醛检测用水性试验试剂。试剂含有乙酰丙酮;氨、C1-C4伯胺或其盐;和C4-C8脂肪族有机羧酸或羧酸。     

SPME-GC/MS法分析红花芒毛苣苔中的挥发油化学成分

分析红花芒毛苣苔中的挥发油化学成分。采用固相微萃取法从红花芒毛苣苔中提取挥发油化学成分,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对百分含量。色谱条件:HP-5弹性石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm);升温程序:初始温度45°C,保持2 min,然后以10°C/min的速度升至250°C并保持30 min;进样口温度250°C,流速0.8 mL/min,不分流进样。分离得到63个组分,鉴定出其中58个成分,所鉴定的组分占总峰面积的98.06%。采用固相微萃取技术进行提取具有操作时间短,样品用量小,无需萃取溶剂等优点。该结果为了解红花芒毛苣苔中的挥发性成分及开发应用该植物资源提供了参考依据。     

国内乙烯工业中副产品的利用途径

通过比较不同裂解原料造成的乙烯产品成本的差别,说明国内与国外乙烯行业竞争在于副产品的大规模利用,并列举出乙烯副产品的收率及各副产品的具体组成,重点说明副产品混合C4、混合C5、C6～C8、C9中有效组分的工业用途及各有效组分生产、分离的工艺.     

蒸馏废飞机除冰液所得馏分的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对蒸馏废飞机除冰液所得馏分进行分析,分离出了3个峰,鉴定出馏分中被蒸出的除冰液有效成分为乙二醇、2-辛酮和2-辛醇,利用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量为乙二醇占85.78%,2-辛酮占1.54%,2-辛醇占12.68%。     

水合物法回收油田气C2-C4烷烃的研究

研究了油田气中C1-C4烷烃生成气体水合物的条件,并根据其生成和分解的不同条件,提出一种水合物法回收油田气中C2-C4烷烃的新方法。该方法工艺简单,成本低,回收率为55.25%;工艺放大取得的参数为反应温度0℃,反应压力2.0MPa,反应时间15min,搅拌速度140r/min。并研究了乙二醇、FeCl3和CdCl3添加剂对气体水合物生成的影响。     

Classifying enzymes from selectivity fingerprints

Fingerprints of lipases and esterases have been recorded by using an array of chiral fluorogenic aliphatic esters of increasing chain length (C(4)-C(16)). Classification of the enzyme series was carried out with selectivity data by clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). Enzymes were classified on the basis of selectivity for chain length (C(4)-C(6) vs. C(10)-C(16)) and of middle-chain-length (C(8)-C(10)) reactivity. A minimum set of nine substrates was defined by cluster analysis of relative reactivities of each substrate for the different enzymes. This selectivity-based analysis is general. It does not require a common reference substrate to react with all enzymes or vice versa, and is independent of knowing the exact concentration of active protein in the enzyme samples.     

水-环己烷-乙醇体系的液液平衡研究

用GC-14B气相色谱仪测定了水-环己烷-乙醇体系在298.15K、308.15K、318.15K和328.15K的等温截面相图.所用方法是内标法,内标物为乙酸乙酯,溶剂正丁醇.实验测定了除水以外各组分的保留时间和相对校正因子,相对校正因子的实验值与文献值很接近.在单相区域,对实验准确度进行了验证,均方根实验误差1.51%.给出了四个等温截面的两相平衡实验数据和相应的示意图.其相图特征与水-正己烷-甲醇体系相仿;当醇浓度不大时,存在较大的水相、油相共存区域;醇浓度较大时为单相区域.但在水-环己烷-乙醇体系中,单相区域随温度增加明显增大.     

双氦离子化气相色谱仪分析四氟化硅气体中微量杂质

介绍了一种利用双通道氦离子化气相色谱仪(PDHID),分析四氟化硅中微量硅烷、磷烷、氟代烷、C2～C3碳氢化合物以及常见气体杂质的方法.由于四氟化硅具有很强的腐蚀性,在对其进行分析时,利用阀切割系统将大量的四氟化硅主要成分切割,及时地将四氟化硅反吹出去,使其不进入检测器系统.经过将四氟化硅气体进样检测验证,该方法能够有效测定四氟化硅气体中多种微量杂质.     

脂肪醇脱水制C8、C8/C10α-烯烃的研究

采用催化剂催化脂肪醇脱水制成了C8-C10α-烯烃,通过改进催化剂和开发先进工艺,在脱水装置上进行脂肪醇脱水实验,得出较为理想的烯烃产品。产品经过了气相色谱法分析和蒸馏分离。实验结果表明,Ba、H/γ-Al2O3为较好的催化剂,并得出Ba负载量为12%、催化剂焙烧温度550℃、装置反应温度310℃、空速0.3h^-1时的C8、C8/C10烯烃选择性均达到最大值98.1%和97.5%。     

Biosynthesis of lipids by bovine meibomian glands

Isolated bovine meibomian glands incorporated exogenous [1-¹⁴C] acetate into lipids. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids showed that wax esters and sterol esters contained 61% of the total label. Radio gas liquid chromatographic analysis of the acid and alcohol moieties of both ester fractions showed the label was distributed equally between the two portions of the ester in both cases. Cholesterol and 5-α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol were the major labeled sterols, and anteiso-C25, anteiso-C27 and anteiso-C23 were the most highly labeled alcohols. The major labeled fatty acids in the wax esters were anteiso-C15,n-C16, anteiso-C17 andn-C18∶1, whereas anteiso-C25 and anteiso-C27 were the major labeled acids in the sterol esters. The diester region with 6% of the total label contained labeled fatty acids and fatty alcohols each with anteiso-C25 as the major component and ω-hydroxy acids in whichn-C32∶1 was the major labeled component. The trigly ceride fraction which contained 8% of the total lipids was composed of labeled fatty acids similar to those found in both sterol and wax ester fractions. Chromatographic analyses of the labeled lipids derived from exogenous labeled isoleucine showed that anteiso-branched products were preferentially labeled. The labeled triglyceride fraction derived from [U-¹⁴C] isoleucine also contained esterified C15, C13, C11, C9, C7 and possibly shorter anteisobranched acids.     

Discovery of complex mixtures of novel long-chain quorum sensing signals in free-living and host-associated marine alphaproteobacteria

More than 100 bacterial isolates from various marine habitats were screened for AHL production by using gfp reporter constructs based on the lasR system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the luxR system of Vibrio fischeri. Of the 67 Alphaproteobacteria tested, most of which belonged into the so-called Roseobacter clade, 39 induced fluorescence in either one or both sensor strains up to 103-fold compared to controls. Acylated homoserine lactones were identified by GC-MS analysis and shown to have chain lengths of C8, C10, C13-C16, and C18. One or two double bonds were often present, while a keto or hydroxyl group occurred only rarely in the side chain. Most strains produced several different AHLs. C18-en-HSL and C18-dien-HSL were produced by Dinoroseobacter shibae, an aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium isolated from dinoflagellates, and are among the longest AHLs found to date. Z7-C14-en-HSL, which has previously been detected in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, was produced by Roseovarius tolerans and Jannaschia helgolandensis. This signal molecule was synthesised and shown to induce a similar response to the culture supernatant in the respective sensor strain. The widespread occurrence of quorum-sensing compounds in marine Alphaproteobacteria, both free-living strains and those associated to eukaryotic algae, points to a great importance of this signalling mechanism for the adaptation of the organisms to their widely different ecological niches.     

三通道色谱法快速分析裂解气组成

建立裂解气的多通道色谱快速分析法。此方法还可以分别用来测定不凝气含量，C1－C6烃类含量及快速测定氮封下密闭容器中的可燃气含量。     

Design and control of fraction cutting for the separation of mixed alcohols from the Fischer-Tropsch aqueous by-products

Since the minimum-boiling azeotropes of C2-C8 alcohols with water and high-water content (up to 95% (mass)) in the Fischer-Tropsch aqueous by-products, the separation is energy-intensive and challenging. The energy-saving strategy for the complete separation of the Fischer-Tropsch aqueous by-products has received massive attention in recent decades. In this study, a stripper-sidestream decanter process is proposed by exploiting homogeneous azeotropes (C2-C3 alcohols-water) and heterogeneous azeotropes (C4-C8 alcohols-water). The introduction of the stripping column for pre-dehydration avoids the re-vaporization of the mixture, and energy carried by the overhead vapor is conserved instead of being removed in a condenser. The precise fraction cutting of C1-C3 alcohol-water mixture, C4-C8 alcohols, and water is realized by the sidestream distillation column. The C4-C8 alcohols rich mixture withdrawn from the sidestream flows into the decanter to break the distillation boundary, where the organic phase returns to the sidestream distillation column to obtain the dehydrated C4-C8 alcohols, and the aqueous phase enters the stripping column. Steady-state optimization based on total annual cost (TAC) minimization shows that the stripper-sidestream decanter process reduces TAC by 17.00% and saves energy by 21.27% compared with the conventional three-column distillation process. Further, a control structure of the process is established, and dynamic simulations show that the control structure combining a differential controller with a low-selector exhibits robust control. This study provides a novel design scheme and deepens the insights into the efficient separation of aqueous by-products of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.