双向水平及扭转调谐质量阻尼器及其减震控制研究

调谐质量阻尼器可以减小地震作用下的结构动力响应,但传统的调谐质量阻尼器在控制结构平移-扭转耦联多维振动方面存在不足。本文提出由调谐质量块、扭转质量块及扭转杠杆等组成的双向水平及扭转调谐质量阻尼器,利用其自身的平移和转动可以实现对结构水平及扭转振动控制。根据该多维调谐质量阻尼器的运动机理,建立了考虑偏心扭转效应的结构减震体系控制运动方程。以一装有多维调谐质量阻尼器的偏心结构为算例,对结构在地震作用下的扭转耦联减震性能进行研究,并对多维调谐质量阻尼器与传统单向调谐质量阻尼器的减震效果进行了对比分析。结果表明：合理布置的多维调谐质量阻尼器能有效降低结构在水平两向及扭转方向的振动,其减震明显优于传统的单向调谐质量阻尼器。     

调液阻尼器对偏心结构扭转耦联振动控制的研究

该文利用调液阻尼器来控制偏心结构在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动。首先建立起控制体系的运动方程及时域内的求解方法。以一个8层偏心钢结构为算例,在结构顶层沿两个主轴方向正交放置两个调液柱型阻尼器,并在结构质心处安放一个环形调液阻尼器。基于该文给出的优化目标函数和遗传优化算法,对调液阻尼器的参数进行优化设计。最后对结构输入不同场地类型的地震波,在时域内分析调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动的减振作用。分析结果表明:合理设计调液阻尼器的有关参数,能使其有效控制结构的平-扭耦联振动。     

调液阻尼器对偏心结构扭转耦联振动控制的试验研究

通过振动台试验来验证调液阻尼器对偏心结构扭转耦联振动反应的减振效果及理论分析的正确性。设计了一个二层的单向偏心钢结构模型,在结构的顶层放置一个调液柱型阻尼器（TLCD）和一个环形调液阻尼器（CTLCD）并对其参数进行优化设计,在振动台上,分别对结构无控时的反应和设置调液阻尼器后的反应进行试验研究。通过分析结构模型在地震波作用下的加速度和位移响应,结果表明,调液阻尼器能有效抑制结构的在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动,而且同时设置TLCD和CTLCD的减振效果要好于单独采用TLCD或CTLCD时的减振效果。     

环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)对结构平移-扭转耦联振动控制的参数研究

研究在地震激励下,环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)对结构扭转反应的振动控制作用。首先建立起环形调液阻尼器在地震作用下的运动方程,采用随机振动理论,导出了在地震作用下环形调液阻尼器振动控制的最优参数。对结构纯扭转的振动问题进行研究,分析了控制系统各参数对控制后结构等效阻尼比的影响。对结构扭转耦联的振动问题进行研究,分析了控制系统各参数对结构平移等效阻尼比和扭转等效阻尼比的影响。结果表明,环形调液阻尼器是一种有效的扭转振动控制装置。     

形状记忆合金-摩擦串联复合阻尼器对偏心结构振动控制的研究

采用自行研制的SMA-摩擦串联复合阻尼器控制偏心结构的平扭耦联振动。SMA-摩擦串联复合阻尼器能根据结构的地震响应自动调节耗能单元工作状态,且构造简单、经济实用。建立了SMA-摩擦串联复合阻尼器控制下偏心结构在双向水平地震作用下的运动方程,并编写程序计算结构的时程响应。以一六层剪切型偏心钢框架为例,计算结果表明：合理布置的阻尼器能有效抑制结构质心位移和质心层间位移,且对扭转振动的控制效果更佳;阻尼器对结构质心平移加速度的影响不大,但显著改变了扭转加速度。     

多维结构振动的改进MBC控制策略

地震作用下,偏心结构将不可避免的产生平动-扭转耦联的空间振动.采用水平双向布置MR阻尼器的方法对偏心结构的多维振动进行控制,针对此控制系统,在现有MBC控制策略的基础上加以改进,建立多商品市场模型和计算理论,提出了改进MBC控制策略.＂多商品＂代表结构振动的多维性,通过市场中买卖双方的供求竞争达到MR阻尼器出力的合理分配.采用Matlab/Simulink实现控制系统的仿真模拟.对一双向水平地震动作用下的6层偏心结构进行动力计算,比较了改进MBC算法和经典LQR算法的控制效果.     

采用模糊逻辑的半主动摩擦阻尼器对偏心结构的振动控制

采用在结构水平双向设置半主动摩擦阻尼器的方法，对偏心结构在多维地震动作用下的振动控制问题进行了研究。首先运用时程分析法，确定小震作用下摩擦阻尼器较优的初始起滑力。然后在建立起半主动控制策略的基础上，利用Takagi—Sugeno型模糊逻辑调节作用在半主动摩擦阻尼器上的正压力，实现对偏心结构的振动控制。数值结果表明，采用这种方法对减小结构的平动反应和扭转反应都能起到较好的控制效果。     

近场地震下层间隔震偏心结构的减震控制

提出了近场地震分析模型,建立了层间隔震偏心结构平-扭耦联运动方程。基于三刚片系简化模型分析了偏心参数对层间隔震偏心结构的影响规律,定量分析了近场地震中脉冲分量对层间隔震偏心结构地震反应的作用效应。研究了在隔震层附设黏滞阻尼器的参数优化规律并对某典型算例进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在层间隔震体系隔震层处设置参数合适的黏滞阻尼器可有效地控制上部结构、隔震层与下部结构结构的地震响应,减小结构的基底剪力,对改善层间隔震偏心结构的地震安全性具有非常重要的作用。     

上部结构（偏心）对基础滑移隔震结构平－扭耦联地震反应的影响

本文对多层基础滑移隔震结构进行了水平双向地震作用下的平－扭耦联地震反应分析,研究了上部结构偏心和上部结构抗扭刚度对结构地震反应的影响,分析表明上部结构质量偏心较上部结构刚度偏心对基础滑移隔震结构地震反应的影响更大,因而应减小上部结构质量中心与隔震层质量中心和刚度中心的偏心距,以减小结构的扭转反应;当上部结构的质量偏心距较小时,其对基础滑移隔震结构的地震反应也有一定程度的影响,在结构设计应予以考虑;上部结构的抗扭刚度对上部结构的地震反应影响较大,增大上部结构的抗扭刚度可有效减小上部结构的地震反应,但上部结构的抗扭刚度对隔震层的地震反应影响较小。     

考虑流固耦合作用屋顶游泳池减振效应研究

某结构计划在屋顶设计标准游泳池,游泳池下部为一大跨度多功能会议室,对其进行抗振性能研究成为设计方案能否实施的关键。该文将屋顶游泳池视为调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)装置,基于位移-压力格式有限元方法,给出了TLD-结构体系流固耦合运动方程。应用ABAQUS软件建立了流固耦合实体模型,并基于TLD等效非线性调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)理论,在SAUSAGE中建立了等效调谐质量(等效TMD)模型。研究了地震荷载作用下屋顶游泳池对结构抗振性能的影响,分析了流固耦合作用的减振效率。研究结果表明：流固耦合运动方程求解与ABAQUS软件数值模拟的位移与加速度时程曲线具有较好的一致性,验证了流固耦合运动方程的准确性;大跨屋顶标准游泳池对结构在X与Y方向的地震响应均有明显的抑制作用,结构的第一阶模态振动减振效果要优于第二阶模态;流固耦合模型在地震作用下的楼层位移与基底减振率相较于不考虑流固耦合作用的等效调谐质量模型有明显提高,在设计屋顶游泳池时应充分考虑流固耦合作用的影响。     

地基土-两层偏心结构相互作用体系平扭耦联参数分析

为研究地基土－两层偏心结构相互作用体系的地震反应,本文对平扭耦联问题进行了参数分析。利用拉格朗日能量法建立了土－两层偏心结构相互作用体系平扭耦联运动方程,求得频域内解析解,并编制MATLAB程序,确定了影响两层偏心结构平扭耦联的主要参数,详细分析了扭平频率比Ω、偏心率B、偏心楼层位置和地基土特性等参数对相互作用体系弹性地震反应的影响规律,以及对平扭耦联程度的影响状况,得到了一些与刚基上偏心结构平扭耦联反应不同的参数影响规律,为工程计算和设计提供参考。     

Dosimetry at 28 keV synchrotron radiation for cell irradiations

Accurate dosimetry is a prerequisite for reliable comparisons between radiobiological irradiation experiments. Parameters affecting the determination of absorbed dose to cells in the shape of a small cell pellet in a centrifuge tube, irradiated by 28 keV mono-energetic photons from a synchrotron, were investigated. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), diode and ion chambers were utilized to monitor the irradiations. The distribution of the absorbed dose and such parameters as scatter, attenuation and interface dosimetry in the target, which influence the dose, were studied. A method for inter-calibrations of two different calibration sources by using TLD and TLD readers is given. Characteristics of the TLD, that is, fading, supralinearity, energy response, self-attenuation and mini-dosimetry were considered for the dosimetry. A method for correcting photon fluence attenuation in cylindrical TLDs is presented. The study shows that the absorbed dose to cells irradiated at low photon energy at a synchrotron irradiation facility can, using accurate dosimetry protocol, be correctly and reproducibly determined.     

非同轴刚度偏心高层建筑平-扭耦合风振响应的研究

提出了分析非同轴刚度偏心结构风振响应的基本框架。第一，建立了两层6个自由度（6DOFs）非同轴刚度偏心结构的动力方程。第二，将建立的动力方程扩展至多层（大于两层）非同轴刚度偏心结构情况。第三，基于顺风向、横风向及扭转风荷载功率谱，并考虑横风向与扭转风荷载间相关性及模态响应间耦合，建立了非同轴刚度偏心结构风致平-扭耦合响应的分析方法。最后，以15DOFs结构为例，通过设置结构不同刚度偏心，数值研究了非同轴刚度偏心对结构风致平-扭耦合响应的影响。     

Calibration of TLD badges for photons of energy above 6 MeV and dosimetric intricacies in high energy gamma ray fields encountered in nuclear power plants

CaSO4:Dy and LiF TLDs do not exhibit photon energy dependence beyond +/-55% for photons in the energy range from 1 MeV to about 7 MeV. However, when sandwiched between metal filters or used in TLD badge holders having metal filters, the response changes for irradiation from high energy photons as compared to that from 60Co gamma rays (generally used for reference calibrations). This effect is about the same for both the lower atomic number TLD (LiF) and higher atomic number TLD (CaSO4:Dy). For TLDs held on the surface of the phantom and irradiated in collimated photon beams, the response of TLDs without any filter or those under the open window of the TLD badge is considerably reduced due to insufficient build-up to high energy photons, whereas for uncollimated radiation fields from power reactors, an over-response is observed. It is observed that the use of inappropriate encapsulation of dosemeters would cause a significant error not only in the estimation of doses due to penetrating radiations but also in the estimation of beta doses in the mixed fields of beta radiation, high energy gamma rays and high energy electrons often encountered in the fields of pressurised heavy water reactors.     

Flow Structure and Surface Deformation of High Prandtl Number Fluid Under Reduced Gravity and Microgravity

The numerical simulation has been conducted to investigate the flow structure and surface deformation in a liquid bridge of high Prandtl number fluid under reduced gravity and microgravity. The Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the energy conservation equation are solved on a staggered grid, and the mass conserving level set approach is used to capture the free surface deformation of the liquid bridge. The effect of reduced gravity and thermocapillary convection on the surface deformation of the liquid bridge is investigated, and the results show that the amplitude of the surface horizontal vibration decreases gradually, and the thermocapillary convection inside the liquid bridge starts to turn into a steady state after the initial period. Moreover, the shift of the center of the recirculating flow inside the liquid bridge under horizontal external acceleration and zero gravity is also studied, and the results indicate that the vortex centers move initially toward the cold disk and reach an equilibrium position, and then the vortex centers vibrate around the equilibrium position periodically.     

Use of bluff body for enhancing submicron particle agglomeration in plasma field

A bluff body was installed to generate a vortex shedding in gas flow under nonthermal plasma field. Various shapes of bluff body were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics for their ability to enhance submicron particle agglomeration. The cylindrical bluff body produced the lowest pressure drop and the plate bluff body showed the widest amplitude of vortex shedding. In the experiment, exhaust gas with a velocity of 1–3?m/s were fed into the test section. The electrical pulse peak voltage was 35?kV, 10?kHz. The bluff body improved the reduction efficiency by 27% and 17% for flat plate and cylindrical bluff bodies, respectively, relative to no-bluff body.     

建筑结构地震反应的模糊开环控制

本文将模糊控制理论用于建筑结构地震反应的控制。将地震波加速度作为模糊控制器的输入变量,通过模糊推理运算,得到控制力的大小。在模糊控制器中使用了七条模糊控制规则,并考虑实际控制系统时间滞后,通过数值计算说明引入模糊推理运算后,控制系统的输入输出为非线性关系。模糊开环控制能有效地减小建筑结构的地震反应。     

The effects of high ambient radon on thermoluminescence dosimetry readings

The effect of a high level of ambient (222)Rn gas on thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) is examined. Groups of LiF:Mg,Ti and CaF(2):Dy TLDs were exposed to (222)Rn under controlled environmental conditions over ～7 d using a luminous (226)Ra aircraft dial. LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs were tested bare, and both types were tested mounted in cards used for environmental dosimetry and mounted in cards enclosed in plastic badges. A passive continuous radon monitor was used to measure the (222)Rn level in the small chamber during the experiments. The data were analysed to determine the relationship between the integrated (222)Rn level and the TLD response. Although both LiF:Mg,Ti and CaF(2):Dy TLDs showed a strong response to (222)Rn, the badges prevented measurable radon detection by the TLDs within. The TLDs were not used to directly measure the radon concentration; rather, a correction for its influence was desired.     

多维地震作用下偏心结构楼板谱分析

利用SIMULINK仿真工具对水平双向地震输入下偏心结构的楼板谱进行了计算,研究了影响楼板谱变化的几个重要参数,最后对现行抗震设计规范中楼板谱计算的SRSS(Square Root of the Sumof Squares)方法进行了分析,并指出了它的不足。研究结果表明:改变附属结构质量楼板谱峰值区域会有显著的变化,调谐频率处楼板谱变化最明显,地震动卓越频率处楼板谱变化相对较小;改变偏心结构和附属结构阻尼比都会引起楼板谱的变化,但是二者影响的效果不同;附属结构所在楼层和层内位置的改变,使楼板谱发生变化;偏心结构偏心距对楼板谱有较复杂的影响;规范楼板谱在非峰值区域比较精确,在峰值区域存在较大误差,当偏心结构在地震作用下不同方向耦合效应明显时,规范楼板谱在非峰值区域也存在一定的误差。关键词:偏心结构;楼板谱;时程分析;多维地震;SIMULINK     

Tuned liquid dampers for multi-storey structure: numerical simulation using a partitioned FSI algorithm and experimental validation

Wind-induced and earthquake-induced vibrations of structures such as super-tall towers and bridges can be efficaciously controlled by tuned liquid dampers (TLDs). This work presents a numerical simulation procedure to study the performance of TLDs–structure system through sigma (\( \sigma \))-transformation-based fluid–structure coupled solver. For this, a ‘C’-based computational code has been developed. The structural equations, which are coupled with the fluid equations in order to achieve the transfer of sloshing forces to structure for damping, are solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, while the fluid equations are solved using finite-difference-based sigma-transformed algorithm. Different iterative and error schemes are used to optimize the code for larger convergence rate and higher accuracy. For validation, a few experiments are conducted with a three-storey structure using TLDs arrangement. The present numerical results of response of TLD-installed structures match well with the experimental results. The minimum displacement of structure is observed when the resonance condition of the coupled system is achieved through proper tuning of TLDs. Since real-time excitations are random in nature, the performance study of TLDs under random excitation has also been carried out in which the Bretschneider spectrum is used to generate the random input wave.