基于分路分量冷却的主轴热偏移控制方法研究

为有效控制主轴的热偏移现象,对数控卧式铣镗床主轴系统进行了热特性分析,提出一种分路分量冷却的主轴热偏移控制方法。设计不同流量的冷却油路,保证主轴轴承的热量被有效带走,进而控制主轴的热伸长,并在样机上进行了试验验证,确定了该方法的有效性。     

数控落地铣镗床滑枕挠度补偿控制形式的改进及调试

针对数控落地铣镗床滑枕行程大而产生的挠度变形问题,采用改进液压控制、电气反馈装置及电气控制等措施,提高了滑枕低头补偿的精度及滑枕移动时的补偿反应速度。该技术提高了数控落地铣镗床滑枕的稳定性。     

精密主轴热变形误差的实验研究

主轴是机床的关键部件,其热变形误差是影响精密机床工作精度的主要因素之一。文章对镗床主轴的不同热变形误差形式及对加工精度的影响进行了讨论。依据ISO和ASME标准建立某型号精密卧式坐标镗床热变形误差的测试环境,采用高精度测试系统对其主轴进行温度和热变形误差的实验测试与分析。结果表明,主轴热变形误差严重影响机床加工精度,主轴转速影响其达到热平衡的时间及热误差大小,需采取有效措施对热变形误差进行补偿,优化热结构,进一步提高机床加工精度。     

镗铣加工中心主轴热特性分析

应用有限元方法对卧式镗铣加工中心主轴进行建模,通过对主轴模型导热系数等参数的计算、热边界条件的确定,以及机床主轴轴承在不同转速下发热功率的计算结果,运用ANSYS Workbench对模型进行网格划分,并对其进行了热特性分析。结果表明:3号轴承发热量较大,对主轴温度场分布有着较大的影响,在机床主轴设计过程中,可以考虑通过改善冷却条件、热误差补偿等手段对主轴进行温度控制,以减小对机床加工精度的影响;轴承的发热量随着主轴转速的提高而提高,系统的热平衡温度也随之提高,达到热平衡所需时间也变长。分析结果为机床主轴的设计以及结构优化提供参考。     

精密直联式主轴系统的结构设计

对不同类型的主轴系统进行分析对比,确定直联式主轴为高精度数控卧式坐标镗床的主轴系统类型;从机床实际的加工工艺需求出发,计算得到不同加工方式下的最大切削力学参数,以此为基础完成主电机与主轴轴承的选型计算;根据主轴系统的功能与精度要求进行结构设计,从而完成精密直联式主轴的完整设计。样机的试制与应用验证表明,该直联式主轴的精度与性能水平达到设计要求。     

车铣复合加工中心主轴结构的有限元分析

车铣复合加工中心主轴的设计中，利用ANSYS软件对主轴结构进行有限元分析，计算主轴的刚度、扭转变形和弯曲变形，可以准确地同时得出多个截面的多种变形。该方法同样适用于其它轴类零件的设计计算。     

HL-46数控车铣复合机床主轴组件的动态优化设计

建立了HL-46数控车铣复合机床主轴部件的有限元动力学模型,对主轴组件进行了有限元分析,根据有限元分析结果,对主轴跨距变化对主轴动态性能的影响进行了分析,得到了主轴的最优跨距.     

经济型数控系统实现主轴准停控制的设计与实施

在数控镗铣加工过程中,由于工艺要求主轴应能在圆周某一位置准确停止。结合三通工程塑料管件的实际加工工艺,使用PLC和变频器设计制作了适合经济型数控系统的专用数控镗床主轴准停控制系统,实际应用效果很好。     

落地铣镗床主轴系统精度补偿技术研究

分析了落地铣镗床主轴系统精度补偿的几种方法,针对滑枕移动导致的主轴箱重心变化、滑枕移动导致的自身挠度变化、加装附件时滑枕挠度的变化3个方面进行了阐述,生产实践表明,3种方法集成应用能有效提高机床的加工精度。     

主轴传动部件的热平衡技术研究与应用

分析主轴箱的主要热源以及发热量对整个主轴箱部组精度的影响,采用大流量的恒温油对主轴箱进行冷却与润滑以及优化主轴轴承安装工艺,以保证主轴高速运行的过程中其轴向变形量达到最小。通过试验验证,主轴达到热平衡时其伸长量为0.035 mm。通过对温升与热伸长量的函数进行研究,对轴向热变形进行补偿,以保证机机床在达到热平衡过程中,对工件加工精度的影响最小。     

基于Workbench的磨齿机主轴系统动态特性研究

主轴系统是磨齿机的重要组成部分,主轴的动态特性对齿轮的磨削精度与生产效率有着很大的影响。以磨齿机的主轴系统为研究对象,在SolidWorks中建立模型,并通过有限元软件Workbench对其进行模态分析,得出了主轴系统的固有频率和最大偏振量。分析了主轴系统在不同跨距和不同主轴材料弹性模量等条件下对主轴动态特性的影响。结果表明：1023号碳板钢的最大变形量相对较小,可作为主轴材料;模态频率随支承间距的增加而提高;主轴系统的最大变形量随支承间距的增加减小,最佳支承间距为240 mm。     

汽车齿轮试验机电主轴优化设计

以一种汽车齿轮监测电主轴为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench优化设计功能,对主轴的悬伸量、跨距和电机转子安装位置进行优化设计。优化后,主轴径向变形减少8.7%,轴向变形减少3.3%。经出厂测试,在最大转速2 000 r/min时,噪声仅为65 d B,最大振动值为0.456 m/s~2,更好地满足了设计要求,提高了主轴质量。     

小模数滚齿机用电主轴的设计与研究

小模数数控滚齿机去掉了传动用的齿轮副、蜗轮蜗杆副等传动元件,刀具轴和工件轴直接与电机轴相联。几何误差和热误差是小模数滚齿机的主要误差来源,为此,设计了一种新型的电主轴。该电主轴采用了主轴电机置于主轴后轴承之后的形式,缩小了主轴轴承位置的径向尺寸,使轴承摩擦产生的热量的散发,减少了电机发热对轴承变形产生的影响;主轴轴承采用了静压轴承的形式,提高了主轴轴承的耐磨性和回转精度。该电主轴的设计能够提高小模数滚齿机的生产效率和加工精度。     

Analysis of bearing configuration effects on high speed spindles using an integrated dynamic thermo-mechanical spindle model

This work presents the effects of bearing configuration on the thermo-dynamic behavior of high speed spindles using the comprehensive dynamic thermo-mechanical model. The dynamic thermo-mechanical model consists of a comprehensive bearing dynamic model, a shaft dynamic model and a thermal model. The thermal model is coupled with the spindle dynamic model through bearing heat generation and thermal expansion of the whole system based on the bearing configuration. Thus the entire model becomes a comprehensive dynamic thermo-mechanical model. The new thermo-mechanical model also considers a pertinent mapping between bearing stiffness and shaft stiffness matrices based on bearing configurations, so that more general cases of bearing configurations can be modeled. Based on this model, the effects of bearing orientation on the spindle dynamics are systematically described and experimentally validated. It is shown that bearing orientation has a significant effect on spindle stiffness. Finally, the effects of various bearing configurations on spindle thermal and dynamic behavior are illustrated through numerical analysis with three different spindles.     

机床主轴系统静刚度分析及实验研究

为研究机床主轴系统静刚度特性,建立一种高性能加工中心主轴-轴承系统模型,该模型包括主轴转子和轴承。采用有限元法建立主轴轴系零件模型,并与轴承拟静力学模型集成得到主轴系统有限元模型,通过计算得到主轴系统3个方向的静刚度。对该机床主轴系统进行静刚度测试实验,以验证理论计算结果的正确性。研究表明:理论计算结果和实验结果具有较好一致性,因此可以有效地证明该有限元模型的准确性;此外,由于主轴系统内部存在阻尼效应及摩擦作用,卸载时静刚度大于加载时静刚度;同时其轴向静刚度存在一定非线性。     

Modelling of angular contact ball bearings and axial displacements for high-speed spindles

This paper presents modelling of moving sleeve and spindle tip displacements in spindle bearing systems equipped with angular contact ball bearings. The balance of axial forces produced in high-speed bearings is examined, with a particular consideration of centrifugal forces, gyroscopic moments, contact deformations, and contact angles. It has been shown that centrifugal forces acting on bearing balls do not cause sleeve axial shifts. Those sleeve shifts can only result from gyroscopic moments, and changes in spindle dimensions due to centrifugal forces. The proposed model has been verified experimentally, and can be used for compensation of spindle tip displacements.     

Developments for High Performance Machine Tool Spindles

One important demand on spindle systems in modern machine tools is to realise higher rotational speeds in order to increase the machining efficiency. Additionally, for a given speed range a better robustness is demanded so that the spindle system is desensitised against improper operating conditions.The paper presents research results in various fields which contribute to the improvement of spindle-bearing systems. At first, new results for alternative spindle bearing kinematics with four contact points are presented.Secondly, a new solution for floating bearing arrangements is discussed. A modified cylindrical roller bearing is presented which can be operated at higher speeds. Finally, the potential of coated bearing components is discussed in the context of improved fail-safe properties. In this paper both analytic studies and experimental tests are presented.     

Thermal characteristics of the spindle bearing system with a gear located on the bearing span

High cutting speeds and feeds are essential requirements of a machine tool structure to accomplish its basic function which is to produce a workpiece of the required geometric form with an acceptable surface finish at as high a rate of production as is economically possible. Since bearings in high speed spindle units are the main heat source of total cutting system, in this work, the thermal characteristics of the spindle bearing system with a tilting axis were investigated using finite element method to improve the performance of the spindle bearing system. Based on the numerical results, a specially designed prototype spindle bearing system was manufactured. Using the manufactured spindle bearing system, the thermal characteristics were measured and compared to the numerical results. From the comparison of the numerical results with the experimental results, it was found that the finite element method predicted well the thermal characteristics of the spindle bearing system.     

主动磁悬浮电主轴系统建模与控制参数分析

为实现磁悬浮电主轴的稳定悬浮运行并满足加工精度要求,通过对某型号主动磁悬浮电主轴的结构和控制原理进行研究,在忽略主轴转子磁化和磁漏等非线性因素影响的前提条件下,通过对主轴转子在磁悬浮轴承中的受力分析,建立了磁悬浮轴承的电磁支承力与轴承气隙偏移量及控制电流的表达式,对基于不完全微分PID控制的磁悬浮电主轴系统的临界转速与磁悬浮轴承的电磁刚度进行了定量研究,得到不同PID控制参数下,磁悬浮轴承支承刚度随涡动频率的变化曲线及固有频率随PID控制参数的变化曲线图。研究结果为磁悬浮电主轴控制系统进一步设计使用和分析优化提供了依据。