基于ABAQUS高速切削Ti-6Al-4V切削状态的有限元仿真

文章基于Abaqus/Explicit的Johnson-Cook材料模型以及断裂准则模拟高速正交切削Ti-6Al-4V,仿真分析了切削速度、切削深度、刀具前角变化时对平均切削力以及锯齿状切屑形态的影响.研究结果表明:切屑锯齿化程度和齿距随切削速度和切削深度的增加而增大,随前角的增加而减小.平均切削力在切削速度为60m/min-180m/min时趋于平稳,随切削深度增加而增大,随前角增大而减小.     

圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯力热分析

为探究Nomex蜂窝芯圆盘锯齿刀超声切削过程中切削参数与切削力热的映射关系,开展圆盘锯齿刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯复合材料仿真及试验研究,分析主轴转速、进给速度、切削宽度和切削深度对切削过程中切削力热的影响,建立了切削温度随进给速度、主轴转速的一次回归模型。结果表明:所建立仿真模型最大误差为11.2%,可有效预测切削力与切削温度;三向切削力随着切削宽度,切削深度,进给速度的增大而增大,随着主轴转速的增大而减小;进给速度与主轴转速对切削温度影响显著;实际加工中,应采用大切削深度与切削宽度增加切削效率,采用小进给速度和主轴转速以降低切削温度,减少刀具磨损。     

Inconel718切削过程的有限元仿真研究

为了研究高速切削Inconel 718的切削机理,应用有限元软件DEFORM-2D模拟了高速切削Inconel 718的切削过程,分析了切削速度对切削温度、切削力和剪切角的影响规律以及切削过程中刀具和工件的应力场分布情况.仿真结果表明:切削力随着刀具的切入先迅速线性增大,然后趋于稳定,切削力随切削速度的增大呈下降趋势.切削温度的最高点总是位于前刀面上距离刀刃不远的地方.最高切削温度随着切削速度的增大而增高.最大刀具等效应力出现在前刀面上切削刃的周围,工件上最大等效应力出现在第一变形区.切削过程中,剪切角随切削速度的增加而增大.     

碳纤维复合材料T型铣刀的切槽试验研究

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)的齿槽加工,提出采用T型铣刀切制齿槽。以平纹CFRP为研究对象,通过齿槽的切削试验,分析切削力和残余因子。试验表明:切削力随着切削速度vc的增大而减小,但切削速度vc大于245 m/min时,进给方向切削力Fx将逐渐增大;与切削速度vc相比,进给速度vf对残余因子Fb的影响更大,随着它的增大,残余因子Fb平均减小46.63%;顺铣时的切削力和残余因子比逆铣时的明显要小。研究结果为CFRP的齿槽铣削加工提供了技术指导。     

基于声发射技术金刚石组合圆锯片干切混凝土的切削状态研究

通过自行设计的多孔与非等弧长节块组合金刚石锯片与普通锯片的对比分析,揭示组合结构金刚石锯片的切削特征.通过分析金刚石圆锯片在锯切过程中混凝土声发射信号和锯切力信号特征,得出切削速度、进给速度、切削深度对AErms峰值平均值和Z轴锯切力的影响.结论表明声发射信号的变化规律与锯切力信号的变化规律有较好的一致性.其它切削条件不变,随着切削速度的增加,声发射均方根值和切削力平均值都减小;随着进给速度、切削深度的增加,声发射均方根值和切削力平均值都增大.且自行设计的组合锯片整体性能优于普通锯片.     

金刚石砂轮加工花岗岩时切削力的正交试验及参数优化

本文通过钎焊金刚石磨具加工花岗岩时的正交切削试验,对切削速度、进给速度和切削深度及水平切削力Fh和垂直切削力Fv的影响,做了系统的分析研究。通过极差分析和趋势图得出磨削巴西黑花岗岩时的优化工艺参数。方差分析表明：进给速度和切削深度对切削力的影响要比切削速度显著。通过回归分析建立了切削力回归方程,经与试验数据比较,所建立的回归方程与试验数据拟合度近似。     

58SiMn高强度钢车削表面完整性的试验研究

目的研究58Si Mn高强度钢表面完整性评价指标受切削参数影响的变化规律。方法分别设计单因素和正交试验,采用涂层硬质合金刀具对58Si Mn高强度钢进行车削加工试验,通过采集相关数据,分别讨论了切削深度、进给速度和切削速度变化对表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微硬度和表层微观组织变化等方面的影响。结果进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响最显著,切削速度次之,切削深度的变化对表面粗糙度无直接影响。已加工表面的残余应力随切削速度和进给量的增大而增大。显微硬度随切削深度的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,层深上的显微硬度则呈现先减小后增大的趋势。表层微观组织受切削速度影响不大,未出现明显的相变和晶粒歪曲。结论降低进给速度是减小工件表面粗糙度最直接有效的方法,提高切削速度并不能使表面粗糙度明显减小。工件表面的轴向和切向残余应力均为拉应力,为提高零件使用性能,应采取相应的措施使之转化为压应力。     

振动切削参数对纳米振动切削过程的影响

采用分子动力学的方法建立了金属钛的纳米振动切削模型,通过切削仿真研究了振动切削参数变化对整个振动切削过程的影响。研究发现:振动频率和振幅的增大会使接触率、切削力及切削温度的数值减小。切削速度增大会使接触率、切削力及切削温度升高,相比对切削力的改变,在切削速度小于100m/s的情况下对切削温度的影响效果更显著。刀具刃口半径的增大会使切削过程中已加工面的变质层厚度增加,表面粗糙度增大,切削力与切削温度的数值随刃口半径的增大而增加,当刃口半径跟切削厚度之比大于1时,背吃刀力及切削温度提升的速率更快。     

加工复合地板耐磨层时PCD刀具切削参数的研究

切削参数是影响PCD刀具切削性能的主要因素。本文采用Element Six公司的SYNDITE CTH025型聚晶金刚石(PCD)复合片制成强化复合地板用切削刀具，进行了一系列加工强化复合地板耐磨层的切削实验。通过实验研究了切削参数对刀具切削力的影响，得出了切削力随切削参数的变化规律，指出随着切削深度的增加，PCD刀具切削力增加；进给速度的增加使切削力增加；切削速度的增加将会使切削力降低。同时，分析了切削参数对刀具磨损、工件加工质量以及加工效率的影响。最后，本文总结了采用PCD刀具加工强化复合地板时加工参数的选择原则，认为当n=6000r／min、f=10000mm／min能够实现较高的加工效率，并保证工件的加工质量。     

椭圆振动车削316L不锈钢仿真分析

为探究椭圆振动车削(Elliptical Vibration Turning,EVT)316L不锈钢过程中振幅、频率、切削速度对切削力的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立切削仿真模型,进行不同振幅、频率、切削速度下的切削过程进行对比研究。研究结果表明:与常规车削316L不锈钢相比,EVT方式可以降低切削过程中的Mises应力、切削力、切削温度,是改善316L不锈钢加工的有效方式;EVT方式下切削力随着振幅和频率的增加而降低,随着切削速度的增大而增大,振幅、频率、切削速度对切削速度方向的切削力影响更显著。     

PCBN刀具高速铣削TC4钛合金切削性能与工艺参数优化研究

针对钛合金TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)的加工特性,采用PCBN刀具,基于单因素试验,研究高速铣削条件下工艺参数对切削力、切削振动等的影响规律,提出综合考虑切削力、切削振动、表面粗糙度的工艺参数优选方法。研究表明:切削力和切削振动随切削速度v和每齿进给量f_z的增大呈现一定的波动,随径向切深a_e和轴向切深a_p的增大而增大,切削振动受切削力影响较为显著。考虑切削性能,以材料切除率为优化目标,以切削力、切削振动和表面粗糙度等为约束条件,建立工艺参数优选模型,可得到不同约束条件下工艺参数的优选组合。     

Statistical analysis of surface roughness and cutting forces using response surface methodology in hard turning of AISI 52100 bearing steel with CBN tool

The present work concerns an experimental study of hard turning with CBN tool of AISI 52100 bearing steel, hardened at 64 HRC. The main objectives are firstly focused on delimiting the hard turning domain and investigating tool wear and forces behaviour evolution versus variations of workpiece hardness and cutting speed. Secondly, the relationship between cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) and machining output variables (surface roughness, cutting forces) through the response surface methodology (RSM) are analysed and modeled. The combined effects of the cutting parameters on machining output variables are investigated while employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The quadratic model of RSM associated with response optimization technique and composite desirability was used to find optimum values of machining parameters with respect to objectives (surface roughness and cutting force values). Results show how much surface roughness is mainly influenced by feed rate and cutting speed. Also, it is underlined that the thrust force is the highest of cutting force components, and it is highly sensitive to workpiece hardness, negative rake angle and tool wear evolution. Finally, the depth of cut exhibits maximum influence on cutting forces as compared to the feed rate and cutting speed.     

微沟槽织构对切削力和表面粗糙度的影响

为研究微织构对切削过程中产生的切削力和已加工表面粗糙度的影响,在聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀片前刀面制备与主切削刃平行的宽度为32.6μm的微沟槽织构。分别用微沟槽刀具和无织构刀具在主轴转速为450、500、600 r/min的条件下切削淬硬钢GCr15,分析切削力和已加工表面粗糙度。试验结果表明:微沟槽改善了刀具的切削性能,主切削力、进给力和切深力均小于无织构刀具;进给力、切深力随着主轴转速的增加均变大,主切削力表现为先减小再增大;用微沟槽织构刀具切削的已加工表面粗糙度大于无织构刀具,表明微沟槽不利于获得表面质量较好的工件;随着主轴转速增加,微沟槽刀具和无织构刀具切削的表面粗糙度均减小。     

切削用量对切削力和切削振动的影响

为探究车削时切削用量对切削力和切削振动的影响,设定半精加工的切削用量范围,采用正交试验设计方法制定试验流程,在数控机床上使用硬质合金外圆车刀对45#圆钢进行切削试验,切削过程不加冷却液,并分别使用Kistler切削力测量系统和Vib Pilot M+P切削振动测量系统同时采集3个方向的切削力信号和切削振动信号,对试验数据使用方差分析(ANOVA)、贡献率计算和相关分析的方法进行处理。结果表明:背吃刀量对主切削力和进给力的影响最大,进给量对背向力和3个方向切削振动的影响最大,而切削速度对各方向切削力和切削振动的影响都最小;切削力信号的误差要远小于切削振动信号的误差。试验分析结果可以为合理设计切削用量参数,有效选择切削状态监控信号提供参考。     

切削参数对碳钢微量润滑切削温度的影响

为了了解切削参数影响碳钢微量润滑切削温度的规律,通过45钢的车削实验,利用自然热电偶测温,探明在干切削、传统浇注润滑和微量润滑条件下,不同切削参数对切削温度的影响及原因。实验结果表明:MQL切削温度随切削参数增大而上升,切削速度对MQL温度影响最大,切削深度影响最小;在低切削速度时,MQL冷却效果优于传统浇注润滑,在中、高速时,MQL冷却效果比浇注润滑差;MQL冷却能力随切削速度和进给量增大而减弱,不随切削深度而变化。     

工艺参数对单晶硅超精密加工切削力的影响

为了了解单晶硅超精密车削过程中不同切削参数及刀具前角对切削力的影响,利用单晶金刚石车刀对单晶硅进行单因素变量超精密车削试验。试验结果表明:进给量f和切削深度a_p对X、Y、Z方向的切削力F均有增大的趋势;而在切削速度v_c增加时,各方向的F逐渐减小;切削前角减小时,切削力反而增大。通过各因素对切削力F的变化幅值可以得到,对F影响较大的参数为a_p及f。选取最佳组合参数对单晶硅进行超精密切削试验,得到极为光滑的表面。     

Characteristics of cutting forces and chip formation in machining of titanium alloys

Chip formation during dry turning of Ti6Al4V alloy has been examined in association with dynamic cutting force measurements under different cutting speeds, feed rates and depths of cut. Both continuous and segmented chip formation processes were observed in one cut under conditions of low cutting speed and large feed rate. The slipping angle in the segmented chip was 55°, which was higher than that in the continuous chip (38°). A cyclic force was produced during the formation of segmented chips and the force frequency was the same as the chip segmentation frequency. The peak of the cyclic force when producing segmented chips was 1.18 times that producing the continuous chip.The undeformed surface length in the segmented chip was found to increase linearly with the feed rate but was independent of cutting speed and depth of cut. The cyclic force frequency increased linearly with cutting speed and decreased inversely with feed rate. The cutting force increased with the feed rate and depth of cut at constant cutting speed due to the large volume of material being removed. The increase in cutting force with increasing cutting speed from 10 to 16 and 57 to 75 m/min was attributed to the strain rate hardening at low and high strain rates, respectively. The decrease in cutting force with increasing cutting speed outside these speed ranges was due to the thermal softening of the material. The amplitude variation of the high-frequency cyclic force associated with the segmented chip formation increased with increasing depth of cut and feed rate, and decreased with increasing cutting speed from 57 m/min except at the cutting speeds where harmonic vibration of the machine occurs.     

PCD刀具加工氮化硅陶瓷孔的试验研究

使用PCD刀具对氮化硅陶瓷内孔进行切削试验,首先研究氮化硅陶瓷材料的去除机理,主要包括脆性去除和塑性去除,且以脆性去除为主。其次,研究刀具前角、切削速度、背吃刀量和进给量对切削力的影响。结果表明:刀具前角对切削力的影响不明显;随切削速度、背吃刀量和进给量的增加,切削力均增大,且背向力大于进给力和主切削力。最后,重点研究各参数对内孔侧壁表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最显著,其次是背吃刀量和切削速度,刀具前角几乎没有影响,且当刀具前角为-5°,切削速度为32.97m/min,背吃刀量为0.10mm,进给量为0.08mm/r时,可以得到较好的表面粗糙度和刀具寿命的综合效益。      

Modeling of tool wear in drilling by statistical analysis and artificial neural network

The useful life of a cutting tool and its operating conditions largely control the economics of the machining operations. Hence, it is imperative that the condition of the cutting tool, particularly some indication as to when it requires changing, to be monitored. The drilling operation is frequently used as a preliminary step for many operations like boring, reaming and tapping, however, the operation itself is complex and demanding.

Back propagation neural networks were used for detection of drill wear. The neural network consisted of three layers input, hidden and output. Drill size, feed, spindle speed, torque, machining time and thrust force are given as inputs to the ANN and the flank wear was estimated. Drilling experiments with 8 mm drill size were performed by changing the cutting speed and feed at two different levels. The number of neurons in the hidden layer were selected from 1, 2, 3, …, 20. The learning rate was selected as 0.01 and no smoothing factor was used. The estimated values of tool wear were obtained by statistical analysis and by various neural network structures. Comparative analysis has been done between statistical analysis, neural network structures and the actual values of tool wear obtained by experimentation.     

BTA深孔钻削过程中工件振动影响因素的研究

在BTA深孔钻削过程中,工件的振动是导致孔加工质量和精度降低的重要因素。通过实验和MATLAB拟合分析不同的切削参数(进给量f、切削速度v、主轴转速n)对工件振动的影响。分析结果表明,在深孔加工过程中,工件的中间位置振幅最大;随着进给量的和切削速度的增大,工件的振幅增大,振幅增大量先增大后减小;主轴转速的变化对工件的振动影响很小。合理的选择切削参数可以降低工件的振动。