Effect of Risk Information Exposure on Consumers’ Responses to Foods with Insect Contamination

This study explores the impact that scientific information about insect contamination of food has on consumer perceptions. Participants (n = 320, Japanese consumers) were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 information‐type conditions: (1) information about insect type, (2) information about contamination processes, (3) information about the safety of contaminated food, (4, 5, 6) combinations of 2 of (1), (2), and (3) above, (7) all information, and (8) no‐information, and asked to rate their valuation, behavioral intention, and attitude toward food with insect contamination. Results demonstrated that some combinations of scientific information that include the safety of the contaminated food are effective to reduce consumers’ compulsive rejection of insect contamination in food, whereas the single presentation of information about insect type increases consumers’ explicit rejection of both the contaminated product and the manufacturer. These findings have implications for the coordination of risk communication strategies.     

食品安全风险交流中风险比较的应用及常见问题

风险比较是风险交流的基本方法之一,它能有效弥合各利益相关方之间的认知差异.但是不恰当的风险比较容易产生负面影响,是风险交流失败的重要原因.本文介绍了风险比较的常见形式和应用,指出了应当注意的问题,为食品安全风险交流实践提供参考.     

中国食品安全风险交流的现状、问题、挑战与对策

风险交流是中国食品安全体系中最薄弱的环节,随着食品安全风波不断,中国政府不断加大食品安全重点整治力度,落实政府监管职责.本文从政府、公众、媒体、风险交流学科等不同角度分析了中国食品安全风险交流的现状、问题与挑战,并针对性地提出了对策措施.     

用惩治预防措施解决故意污染原因造成的食品安全问题探讨

本文在简要阐述食品安全问题与故意污染原因造成食品安全问题区别的基础上, 结合我国食品安全面临的严峻形势, 列举并分析近年来国内发生故意污染食品安全事件的特点及产生原因, 解读故意污染原因造成食品安全问题的本质及解决措施, 提出运用食品防护原则解决“故意污染”原因所造成食品安全事件的惩治预防思路。     

农产品质量安全风险交流的主体地位及实践

目前我国农产品质量安全风险交流比较薄弱,缺乏活跃的主体和有效的平台。综合分析我国现阶段农产品生产管理水平与消费者对质量安全的诉求,提出符合我国国情的农产品质量安全风险交流主体定位及平台搭建的思考。化解消费者对于农产品安全的信任危机,变政府主导为政府引导,变登台唱戏为搭台唱戏;充分发挥专业社团组织凝聚专家的作用,变被动应对为主动交流,变简单随意定论为集体讨论研判。我国急需加强农产品质量安全风险交流主体的定位,加强安全舆情信息共享和"速递",搭建符合国情的农产品质量安全风险交流平台。     

食品添加剂的“污名化”现象与风险交流对策探讨

污名化是一种典型群体极化现象,也是风险交流者最难处理的问题之一.本文分析了食品添加剂污名化及其特征和成因,并以此为基础提出了针对性的对策,用于食品安全领域的风险交流实践.     

信息不对称视角下的食品安全风险交流策略研究

虽然我国食品安全总体呈现稳中向好的发展态势,但现阶段消费者对食品安全风险比以往任何时期都令人担忧,其中一个非常重要的原因就是消费者往往听不到有关部门科学的声音。加之随着社会化媒体的出现,食品安全风险信息的迅速传播更是加剧了这种风险。为了消除公众在食品安全问题上的信任缺失,必须加强食品安全风险交流工作。基于此,本文从信息不对称的角度分析食品安全问题,从加强公众理性、重视社会化媒体在风险交流中的作用以及重视信息的编制与发布三方面给出了具体的建议和策略。     

曲靖市2011~2014年食品微生物致病因子风险监测研究及应用

目的 通过风险监测了解我市食品中致病因子污染状况及分布, 探寻可能引起食源性疾病的高危污染源, 掌握和分析食品安全状况, 为食品安全风险做好预警。方法 按GB/T4789-2008《食品卫生微生物学检验》、GB/T4789-2010《食品安全国家标准 食品卫生微生物学检验》、《2011年~2014年食源性致病菌监测工作手册》, 对农贸市场、大型超市、宾馆饭店、快餐店、零售店、生产加工场所及街头流动摊点采集食品样品进行分离与鉴定。结果 共检测食品样1237件, 检出致病因子134株, 总检出率10.83%, 阪崎肠杆菌检出率最高为12.43%、其次为蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率12.37%、金黄色葡萄球菌检出率5.55%、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率2.85%、致泻大肠埃希氏菌检出率1.02%、沙门氏菌检出率0.09%。在监测的12类食品中致病因子检出率最高的为冷冻肉糜制品占25.8%, 其次为生米线25.0%, 婴幼儿配方食品24.26%, 餐饮食品24.12%等。不同类别食品合格率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005)。结论 曲靖市食品中致病因子存在不同程度的污染, 小型餐馆、零售加工店、快餐店、便利店、集体食堂、街头摊点等可能引起食源性疾病的危险度较高, 引起食源性疾病暴发的潜在危害较大。     

我国食品微生物风险评估的进展和挑战

近10余年来,我国依照《食品安全法》开展包括微生物风险评估在内的食品安全风险评估体系建设,微生物风险评估工作体系和技术体系等方面取得明显进展,成为我国开展食源性致病微生物风险评估的重要基础。随着全球后疫情时代食品供应链的变化和新技术的快速发展以及我国食品安全治理现代化需求的增加,构建基于我国膳食消费行为的评估模型、提高风险评估实施能力和质量以及实现现代技术在风险评估中的应用,将成为我国食品微生物风险评估建设的主要挑战和发展方向。     

欧美食品安全风险交流制度经验及其启示

与欧美发达国家相比,中国食品安全法的建设起步较晚,在立法层面还存在着一系列不完善之处。运用文献分析法和比较分析法,立足于食品安全风险交流的理论框架,从食品安全风险交流管理部门、立法体系、交流机制三个方面对欧美食品安全风险交流制度进行了比较分析,从中得出对中国食品安全风险交流制度的有益启示:中国应完善《食品安全法》,增强食品安全风险交流制度的可操作性;明确食品安全风险交流的组织机构;构建食品安全风险交流信息平台,实现交流渠道多元化。     

Quantifiable risk–benefit assessment of micronutrients: From theory to practice

The EU Food Supplements Directive (2002/46/EC) mandates the determination of both maximum and minimum permitted levels (MPLs) for micronutrients. In order to determine MPLs which are feasible for particular population groups, a scientific approach should be used in which risk of high intake, risk of inadequacy and benefits are assessed in an integrated way taking all available data and severity and incidence of effect into account. In 2004, Renwick et al. (ILSI Europe) published a scientifically valid, flexible and pragmatic basis for a risk–benefit approach, which has been further developed here to make it a practical and quantifiable approach to be used by risk managers. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated using demo cases on iron and folate. The proposed approach has the capacity to utilize all relevant data available, including data from human studies, bioavailability data showing variability between specific forms of micronutrients and, in the case of animal studies, data on species comparability. The approach is therefore both practical and flexible, making it well suited to risk managers tasked with determining safe intake levels for micronutrients in different forms and for particular population groups.     

基于网络舆情的食品添加剂消费者认知分析

目的 深入了解我国消费者对食品添加剂的认知情况,有针对性地制定食品添加剂的食品安全风险交流策略。方法 采用海纳网络舆情监测系统V2.0,对2011—2020年我国消费者食品添加剂的网络舆情大数据进行数据采集、清理、分析和可视化展示。结果 2011—2020年我国消费者关注的食品添加剂种类有所变动,但食品添加剂的用量一直备受关注;消费者最关注的事件类型是违规添加或滥用添加剂;消费者对食品生产企业信心一直不足,但对市场监管职能日渐清晰,期待值不断提高。结论 消费者对食品添加剂的认知情况是进行风险交流的基础。基于分析结果,本研究就市场和社会监管措施、风险交流策略和网络媒体引导策略3方面分别有针对性地提出了建议。     

新媒体时代食品安全风险交流的机遇与挑战

新媒体发展迅猛,如何与时俱进,建立适应新媒体特点的风险交流体系已成为食品安全风险监管与技术机构关注的热点.本文简述新媒体对食品安全风险交流的意义,以实例分析工作中面临的主要机遇与挑战,进而提出几点建议,以期引发更广泛的讨论.     

Good nutritional practice from producer to consumer

Today we manage food safety through good practices at different levels of food production, distribution, and consumption. The paper analyses current good practices, parameters involved in the food safety circle along the food supply chain, and consumer dilemmas. As a result of the current situation the new approach called "Good Nutritional Practice" (GNP) is proposed to balance the food safety systems. It is shown how important it is to integrate actual the food safety solutions within GNP, which includes consumers, and is based on a model that covers subsystems from other relevant good practices (nine good practices along the food supply chain). It has been shown that present maintenance of food safety in the food supply chain can be easily broken down, because of the different kinds of barriers or a simple misunderstanding among stakeholders including consumers.     

中国部分地区猪肉中指示性多氯联苯污染水平和膳食暴露风险评估

目的 调查中国猪肉中指示性多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染水平以及我国居民膳食暴露情况和风险。方法选取2020年中国13个省(自治区、直辖市)为监测点采集猪肉样品,采用同位素稀释-气相色谱-高分辨磁质谱联用法测定203份猪肉中7种指示性PCBs(PCB28、PCB52、PCB101、PCB118、PCB138、PCB153、PCB180)的含量,并分析其指纹特征。依据各省(自治区、直辖市)猪肉的消费量数据,评估居民通过猪肉暴露指示性PCBs的健康风险。结果 猪肉中7种指示性PCBs(∑₇PCBs)的平均浓度范围为0.053(广西)～0.826 ng/g脂肪(浙江),P95浓度范围为0.091(广西)～2.702 ng/g脂肪(浙江)。PCB28和PCB52为主要的指纹特征。中国居民通过食用猪肉每日摄入∑₇PCBs的平均水平和P95水平分别为(0.062±0.076)ng/kg·BW和(0.158±0.207)ng/kg·BW,暴露风险指数(ERI)均小于1。结论 中国猪肉中∑₇PCBs的污染水平较低,居民通过猪肉膳食暴露指示性...     

Risk perception and communication: Lessons for the Food and Food Packaging Industry

Health risks are front-page news. Be it bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE), surface ozone, or radiation from transmitter stations or mobile phones, the popular press puts out a constant stream of risk warnings and sensational reports about potential health threats. This paper examines how the general public perceives and assesses such information when it comes to food and food packaging risks. In the first part, the basic components of food risks are discussed and then compared with the perceptions of these risks. The main emphasis is on the risks from food packaging. The term 'perception' as used in cognitive psychology applies to the mental processes through which a person takes in, deals with and assesses information from the environment (physical and communicative) via the senses. The last part of the paper deals with the consequences of risk assessment and risk perception for risk management and risk communication.     

风险交流视角下的食品安全标准相关媒体报道分析

目的对2008—2016年与食品安全标准相关的新闻报道进行量化分析,以测量媒体传播效果。方法对百度新闻数据库中有关食品安全标准的新闻报道进行关键词检索,并从报道数量、报道体裁、报道主题、报道呈现方式、新闻来源、报道基调等6个方面24个类目进行分析。结果自2009年以来,关于食品安全标准的报道数量增加,已形成特定报道主题。但报道类型化明显,体裁以消息类报道为主,深度报道偏少,内容偏狭,缺乏社会关注的热度,在相关事件报道中仍能发现社会认知不足。政府及社会组织的网站成为重要的新闻来源。结论食品安全标准具有一定的专业性,应以策略传播的思路开展媒体风险交流,同时应充分发挥新媒体环境下政府官方网站及专业组织的传播力,形成食品安全标准科学传播的意见环境。     

浙江省城镇居民食品安全信心调查与分析

目的对浙江省1613位城镇居民食品安全信心调查与分析。方法以问卷形式对浙江省1613位城镇居民进行了有关食品安全知识、信息来源及问题处理方式等方面的调查,探索消费者对当前食品安全问题的关注度,看法及信心程度,分析了存在这些问题的原因,最后提出实质性对策。结果 67.95%的被调查者高度关注食品安全,其中26~50岁,高中及以上学历的占大多数,而当购得的食品有质量问题时,有50.34%的消费者抱着多一事不如少一事的态度,39.99%的消费者表示对中国的食品安全没信心。结论政府部门、企业、消费者个人等各个方面切实提高食品安全保障、建立消费者正确的消费观及维权意识才是重建食品安全信心的切实可行的途径。     

Consumer confidence in the safety of milk and infant milk formula in China

A series of food safety incidents related to domestically produced dairy in China harmed consumer confidence and caused a dramatic decrease in dairy consumption from 2008 to 2010. Compared with previous studies that mainly assessed consumer confidence in food or dairy in general, this study focused on 2 specific dairy products, milk and infant milk formula (IMF). Based on data from 934 Chinese consumers, confidence in the safety of milk and IMF was measured by using a multi-item scale with 2 dimensions—optimism and pessimism. We found that Chinese consumers were optimistic about the safety of milk and IMF but, at the same time, were concerned about the risks related to milk and IMF. Chinese consumers have less confidence in IMF than in milk. Structural equation modeling indicated that consumer trust in manufacturers and third parties in the dairy supply chain and confidence in other foods, such as meat and fish, can foster consumer confidence in the safety of milk and IMF, while the extent of recall of the melamine infant formula incident in 2008 and trait worry exert negative effects. In addition, consumers with more children or less family income are likely to be more confident in domestically produced IMF. These insights into consumer confidence and its determinants can assist dairy supply chains and regulatory institutions in formulating effective risk communication strategies to strengthen consumer confidence.     

2016—2020年上海市市售即食食品微生物污染状况分析及评价

目的 了解上海市市售即食食品中微生物污染情况,及时发现食品安全隐患,为即食食品风险评估、管理和标准制定提供科学依据。方法 2016-2020 年共采集上海市即食食品20类共10 521份食品样品,对菌落总数、大肠埃希氏菌计数2种卫生指示菌和副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌（以下简称单增李斯特菌）6种食源性致病菌进行定量或定性检验,并分析卫生指示菌和食源性致病菌污染水平及关联性。结果 凉拌米面制品、沙拉、中式凉拌菜的指示菌污染水平较高,菌落总数均值分别为（5.13±1.43）lgCFU/g、（4.56±1.13）lgCFU/g、（4.26±1.75）lgCFU/g;大肠埃希氏菌计数分别为（1.20±1.00）lgCFU/g、（1.47±1.41）lgCFU/g、（1.18±1.06）lgCFU/g。冷锅串串、沙拉、中式凉拌菜、熟肉制品中单增李斯特菌检出率较高,分别为6.27%、3.36%、2.71%、2.69%;副溶血性弧菌仅在生食动物性水产品（3.65%）、中式凉拌菜（2.58%）、熟肉制品（0.42%）中检出;米面制品中蜡样芽孢杆菌（7.51%）显著高于寿司（0.53%）（P<0.05）。菌落总数均值与大肠埃希氏菌计数均值呈极显著正相关（P<0.001）;菌落总数均值与致病菌样品阳性率呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。结论 上海市生食食物、凉拌、夹心等最后一步加工工艺非加热的即食食品,卫生指示菌和致病菌污染水平较高,食源性致病风险较高,应重点防范。固体即食食品菌落总数计数水平与食源性致病菌污染状况存在相关性。