乙酰基柠檬酸三正丁酯的研制开发

以硫酸作催化剂，柠檬酸与正丁醇化反应，其最佳工艺条件为：反应温度125℃-130℃，过量醇含量20％，催化剂加主量0．3％，乙酰化反应的最佳条件为：投料摩尔经1：1．5，反应温度50℃，反应时间1．5h，催化剂用量0．04％。     

催化合成苹果酯的新工艺研究

由乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为主要原料，采用有机酸为催化剂，合成了苹果酯。研究了催化剂用量、原料配比和反应时间对反应收率的影响。确定了反应条件：原料配比为1：1．3，催化剂用量为0．65g，反应时间5h，产物收率可达88．5％，纯度98．5％。     

乳酸丁酯的催化合成工艺研究

以乳酸和正丁醇为原料，以催化剂NS-2催化合成乳酸丁酯。探讨了酯化反应的最佳反应条件：n(正丁醇)：n(乳酸)=1．3：1，催化剂用量占反应物料总量的1．5％(质量分数)，反应2．5h，酯收率可达到94．5％。     

草酸二丁酯的催化合成

以草酸和正丁醇为原料，分别采用不同催化剂——对甲苯磺酸和强酸性阳离子交换树脂合成草酸二丁酯，用正交实验法研究了两种催化剂对该反应的催化性能；确定了各自的最佳合成条件。以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，在醇酸比为4：1，催化剂用量15％，回流分水1h，以苯为带水剂的反应条件下，酯收率达83．6％；以强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，在醇酸比3：1，催化剂用量10％，回流分水1．5h，以甲苯为带水剂的反应条件下，酯收率达89．5％，且催化剂可重复使用。     

合成α-氯丙烯酸甲酯过程中的催化剂催化效应的研究

研究了催化剂V2O5-P2O5/SiO22的制备，并考察了制备工艺条件及反应条件对该催化剂的性能的影响，解释和分析了催化剂的制备、组成及反应条件等因素对合成α-氯丙烯酸甲酯的影响。实验结果给出常压下合成α-氯丙烯酸甲酯的最佳催化剂条件和反应条件：催化剂V2O5-P2O5/SiO2，V／P摩尔比为1：2．8，浸渍时间3h，活化温度为450℃；在空速1200h^-1，反应温度300℃，氯乙酸甲酯／甲缩醛摩尔比为2．4：1的条件下，所得甲缩醛转化率为76．2％，α-氯丙烯酸甲酯的选择性为58．5％，收率为44．58％。     

Fe^3＋／HZSM-5分子筛催化合成乙酸乙酯

以固体超强酸Fe^3 ／HZSM-5为催化剂，以乙醇和乙酸为原料合成乙酸乙酯。考察了催化剂用量、酸醇比、反应温度及反应时间对酯化率的影响。结果表明，催化剂用量为(重量)反应液重的5％，酸醇比为2．5：1，反应温度为110-130℃，反应时间为3h．酯收率为93％．     

铌酸催化合成苹果酯的研究

以铌酸为催化剂，由乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇合成了苹果酯，考察了影响收率的因素，其最佳条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的物质的量比为1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物质量的1．4％、带水剂用量为反应物只的42．2％，反应在回流温度下进行，反应时间2．5h，收率达84．8％。     

纳米ZnO催化合成无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯

以柠檬酸和正丁醇为原料，以纳米ZnO为催化剂催化合成无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯，探讨了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度对反应结果的影响，对合成的产品进行了红外光谱分析。实验结果表明，纳米ZnO催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯的最佳条件为n（柠檬酸）：n（正丁醇）：1：4．5，催化剂用量为柠檬酸质量的1．5％，反应时间为2．5h，反应温度为110—140％，酯化率可达97．23％，产品纯度〉99％。     

全氟磺酸树脂膜催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

以全氟磺酸树脂膜为催化剂得到冰乙酸和异戊醇反应合成乙酸异戊酯适宜的反应条件。当n酸：n醇=1．2：1，催化剂用量(质量分数)为反应物总量的2％，反应温度为110℃，反应时间为1．5h的条件下，酯收率可达98．1％。该催化剂使用后无须任何处理可重复使用，是一种稳定性好的环境友好催化剂。     

异丁醛合成2,4,6-三异丙基-1,3,5-三噁烷的研究

本文以异丁醛为原料在杂多酸催化剂的作用下，环化合成了无毒升华剂2，4，6－三异丙基－1，3，5－三恶烷，考查了各种反应条件的影响，确定以磷钨酸为催化剂时的最佳反应条件：反应温度25℃，催化剂用量1．5％，反应时间2．5h，产物的收率达84％以上。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.