A rotary ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducers

A rotary ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducers is proposed. In each transducer, two orthogonal bending vibrations are superimposed and an elliptical trajectory is generated at the driving foot. Typical output of the prototype is a no-load speed of 58 rpm and maximum torque of 9·5 Nm under an exciting voltage of 200 V(rms).     

交流伺服直驱式旋锻机的动力学理论研究

提出了高速伺服直驱式旋锻机结构,分析设计了基于摆线运动曲线的锤头轮廓曲线,采用上限法确定了旋锻机在极限工况下的最大输出载荷上限的变化规律。研究表明,随着进料角的增大,锻机负载有所降低,但同时工件需要更大的推进力,因此实际中采用的进料角的范围为5°-15°。     

Modeling of a rotary motor driven by an anisotropic piezoelectric composite laminate

This paper proposes an analytical model of a rotary motor driven by an anisotropic piezoelectric composite laminate. The driving element of the motor is a three-layer laminated plate. A piezoelectric layer is sandwiched between two anti-symmetric composite laminae. Because of the material anisotropy and the anti-symmetric configuration, torsional vibration can be induced through the inplane strain actuated by the piezoelectric layer. The advantages of the motor are its magnetic field immunity, simple structure, easy maintenance, low cost, and good low-speed performance. In this paper, the motor is considered to be a coupled dynamic system. The analytical model includes the longitudinal and torsional vibrations of the laminate and the rotating motion of the rotor under action of contact forces. The analytical model can predict the overall characteristics of the motor, including the modal frequency and the response of motion of the laminate, the rotating speed of the rotor, the input power, the output power, and the efficiency of the motor. The effects of the initial compressive force, the applied voltage, the moment of rotor inertia, and the frictional coefficient of the contact interface on the characteristics of the motor are simulated and discussed. A selection of the numerical results from the analytical model is confirmed by experimental data.     

Calculation of harmonically driven piezoceramic transducers

The electric field E in a poled dielectric is calculated numerically taking into account its electrical conductivity as a function of the driving frequency and the dielectric relaxation time. The conditions are determined for E to be independent of the driving frequency, stabilizing the characteristics of the transducers. Practical recommendations are given for choosing the electrophysical parameters of piezoelectric materials for infrared radiation modulators.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 50–52, December, 1994.     

Analysis of radio wave measuring transducers in slow wave systems

By introducing equivalent boundary conditions, an analysis is made of the sensitive elements of radio wave measuring transducers in electrodynamic slow wave system. It is shown that the proposed method appreciably simplifies the development of sensitive elements with multilayer magnetodielectric screens, used, in particular, for measuring the magnetic permeability of ferrite components.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 57–60, September, 1995.     

强离心场下旋转型行波超声电机定子动力学分析与试验

研究了强离心场下旋转型行波超声电机定子的动力学特性,分析了离心刚化效应对定子的影响。通过计算离心力做的功(或称为离心势能)推导出因离心刚化效应引起的附加刚度矩阵,进而得到强离心场下定子的特性矩阵(包括质量矩阵和刚度矩阵),求解得到定子的模态参数;并根据压电陶瓷的孤极区反馈的电压信号,确定了高旋环境下定子的固有频率;总结了强离心场下超声电机定子动力学特性变化规律,给出了高旋环境下超声电机的驱动控制应对策略,为高旋环境下超声电机的应用奠定基础。     

A high-power traveling wave ultrasonic motor

In the present work, a traveling wave ultrasonic motor (TWUSM) is proposed. It is composed of an annular-shaped stator and two cone-shaped rotors that are pressed in contact to the borders of the inner surface of the stator. A rotating traveling wave has been generated in the stator by using as vibration generators two bolted Langevin transducers (BLT) opportunely shifted in space and in time. The vibrational behavior of the stator as well as the traveling wave generation has been simulated with the finite-element method (FEM) software. A prototype of the motor has been manufactured and experimentally characterized. It exhibits a static torque of about 0.8 N x m and a maximum angular speed of about 300 rpm. Possible variations of the present design aimed to increase output torque or minimize encumbrance are described and discussed.     

驻波声流马达

目前的超声马达研究与应用主要关注于接触驱动型,而对非接触型、非线性驱动的研究较少。在声场强度足够大时,声场的非线性效应足以在低频情形下驱动马达转子。利用驻波管中的强声场引起空气质点非周期运动形成声流,获得时均不为零的驱动力,驱动非接触型轻质马达叶轮运转。在理论分析的基础上,经过管端修正,最后通过实验发现,马达相对转速曲线与驻波声场理想声压曲线吻合。在实验中还观察到马达叶轮能够达到较快的转速,并且转速可以通过声场频率和马达所处位置来调节。     

旋转型行波超声电机定子的子结构模型研究

按照旋转型行波超声电机定子的结构特点将其划分为几个较简单的子结构,分别对其进行了动态特性分析,最后在子结构模态综合法的基础上建立了整个定子的分析模型。该模型可以很方便地计算电机定子的各阶模态,并且由于运用Guyan静力法将定子齿单元的刚度和质量凝聚到基体之上,不仅恰当地描述了齿对定子动态特性的影响,而且达到了缩减计算量的目的。通过算例和实验说明此理论模型是可行的,可用于电机系统性能预测和参数优化设计。     

旋转式惯性压电电机的振子模型研究

提出了一种新型旋转式压电惯性电机,利用压电双晶片振子作为驱动元件,用锯齿波作为激励电信号产生惯性冲击力使电机旋转。分析了旋转式压电惯性电机的驱动机理,建立了压电振子的动力学模型,求解了振子的自由振动固有频率和模态函数。分析了影响压电振子固有频率的系统参数及其影响规律。计算结果表明梁端部模态函数值与质量系数α的值成反比。这些结论为压电惯性电机的设计和进一步的研究提出了新的思路和方法。     

Distributed friction damping of travelling wave vibration in rods

A ring damper can be affixed to a rotating base structure such as a gear, an automotive brake rotor or a gas turbine's labyrinth air seal. Depending on the frequency range, wavenumber and level of preload, vibration of the base structure can be effectively and passively attenuated by friction that develops along the interface between it and the damper. The assembly is modelled as two rods that couple in longitudinal vibration through spatially distributed hysteretic friction, with each rod having periodic boundary conditions in a manner analogous to an unwrapped ring and disc. As is representative of rotating machinery applications, the system is driven by a travelling wave disturbance, and for that form of excitation, the base structure's and the damper's responses are determined without the need for computationally intensive simulation. The damper's performance can be optimized with respect to normal preload, and its effectiveness is insensitive to variations in preload or the excitation's magnitude when its natural frequency is substantially lower than the base structure's in the absence of contact.     

A U-shaped linear ultrasonic motor using longitudinal vibration transducers with double feet

A U-shaped linear ultrasonic motor using longitudinal vibration transducers with double feet was proposed in this paper. The proposed motor contains a horizontal transducer and two vertical transducers. The horizontal transducer includes two exponential shape horns located at the leading ends, and each vertical transducer contains one exponential shape horn. The horns of the horizontal transducer and the vertical transducer intersect at the tip ends where the driving feet are located. Longitudinal vibrations are superimposed in the motor and generate elliptical motions at the driving feet. The two vibration modes of the motor are discussed, and the motion trajectories of driving feet are deduced. By adjusting the structural parameters, the resonance frequencies of two vibration modes were degenerated. A prototype motor was fabricated and measured. Typical output of the prototype is no-load speed of 854 mm/s and maximum thrust force of 40 N at a voltage of 200 V(rms).     

Modeling of a piezoelectric rotary ultrasonic motor

A piezoelectric rotary ultrasonic motor is modeled for the purpose of predicting, a priori, motor performance as a function of design parameters. The Rayleigh-Ritz assumed mode energy method is used to model the distributed piezoceramics and the traveling wave dynamics of the stator. Natural frequencies and modeshapes are obtained for a generally configured motor. Nonlinear normal and tangential interface forces between the rotor and stator are incorporated into the forcing function along with the linear piezoelectric forcing. Given the applied torque, applied axial loading, and piezo drive voltages as inputs to the model, general motor performance measures are obtained-namely speed, input power, output power, and efficiency. The approach presented here provides a general framework for modeling these motors as well as a design tool for optimizing prototypes with the added flexibility of allowing for a wide variety of geometries and materials     

双换能器法测定管内声阻抗

驻波管法测定材料的声阻抗是一种常用和可靠的方法.但一般它要一个移动的换能器,使能测出管中的驻波比.本文是用二个换能能器,可测出管内和管端的声阻抗以及其它声传输参量.     

转动薄壁圆柱壳行波振动响应分析

考虑由转动引起的科氏力、离心惯性力及环向初应力影响,利用Hamilton原理,建立了基于Sanders壳体理论的转动薄壁圆柱壳振动微分方程。选取满足相应边界条件的轴向梁函数近似地表达各类边界条件下圆柱壳的轴向振型分布。在此基础上,提出了一种适用于求解各种边界约束的转动薄壁圆柱壳行波振动响应的方法。基于此方法,分别针对静坐标系下横向简谐力和恒力作用下的两端固支转动薄壁圆柱壳的行波振动响应进行了求解,并对结果进行了相应分析。     

音圈电机驱动的快速控制反射镜高带宽控制

分析一种音圈电机驱动的快速控制反射镜(FSM)的机械结构,由此建立其数学模型。依据模型,以不完全微分PID控制算法来消除结构谐振的不稳定影响,采用线性功率放大驱动方式,可使控制带宽超过其结构谐振频率,实现高带宽控制。实验表明,该方法应用于结构谐振频率分别为90Hz和20Hz的两种快速控制反射镜,系统的抑制带宽能分别达到315Hz和240Hz,而且该方法简单可行,通用性强。     

真空等离子体天线的基本特性研究

利用根据单极表面波驱动等离子体天线原理建立的等离子体天线,通过实验和理论方法验证了单极表面波等离子体天线的等离子体长度与所加射频功率的关系,主要研究了不同射频功率相同充气气压和射频功率相同不同充气气压下的等离子体密度及其沿等离子体天线的分布和电子温度沿天线的变化,并将等离子天线和相同尺寸的铜天线接收本地调频波段电磁波的特性进行了对比,证实了等离子体天线作为接收天线是可行的.     

On the travelling wave instability caused by moving planar heat sources: the rigid problem

This analysis deals with the convective travelling wave instability appearing in a fluid medium at rest and contained between two horizontal rigid plates, subjected to the same sinusoidal temperature distribution, moving at a uniform speed and in the same direction. The temperature distribution is caused by travelling planar heat sources with a time harmonic output. A three-dimensional coordinate system is used and the small parameter in this problem represents the ratio between the buoyancy and inertial forces. For a finite, yet small , asymptotic expansions are assumed for the velocity, pressure, temperature and the Reynolds number. The mean motion generated by the Reynolds stresses is calculated separately. By keeping the Prandtl number fixed and by using long length and time scales, successive linearized perturbation equations are considered. Two successive amplitude equations are analyzed and their solution yields the mathematical form of these travelling waves, their group velocity and the elevation above the critical Reynolds number.     

Invalidity of the spectral Fokker–Planck equation for Cauchy noise driven Langevin equation

The standard Langevin equation is a first order stochastic differential equation where the driving noise term is a Brownian motion. The marginal probability density is a solution to a linear partial differential equation called the Fokker–Planck equation. If the Brownian motion is replaced by so-called -stable noise (or Lévy noise) the Fokker–Planck equation no longer exists as a partial differential equation for the probability density because the property of finite variance is lost. Instead it has been attempted to formulate an equation for the characteristic function (the Fourier transform) corresponding to the density function. This equation is frequently called the spectral Fokker–Planck equation.

This paper raises doubt about the validity of the spectral Fokker–Planck equation in its standard formulation. The equation can be solved with respect to stationary solutions in the particular case where the noise is Cauchy noise and the drift function is a polynomial that allows the existence of a stationary probability density solution. The solution shows paradoxic properties by not being unique and only in particular cases having one of its solutions closely approximating the solutions to a corresponding Langevin difference equation. Similar doubt can be traced Grigoriu's work [Stochastic Calculus (2002)].