组网火控雷达自适应航迹关联算法研究

为了满足组网火控雷达高效准确地处理复杂、未知航迹数据的需求,航迹关联算法应该具备自适应的能力;针对分布式结构的组网火控雷达系统数据率高、处理速度要求快和每个节点只跟踪一个目标的特点,给出了一种航迹关联不确定度的定义,并将其引入传统的加权法关联过程;结合航迹不确定度与系统快速处理的需求,提出了一种基于加权法的关联步长自适应关联算法;通过建立仿真实验,给出了相关参数的门限以及仿真结果,分析其仿真结果,验证了算法的合理性和可行性,得到了更高的关联正确率.     

基于HLA的雷达组网仿真体系结构的研究

本文针对雷达组网中的具体工程问题,对雷达组网中的数据融合进行分类比较,在此基础上,提出HIJA体系结构在雷达组网仿真中的应用.围绕RTI通用的支撑环境.对雷达组网中的点迹融合、时间校准、空间坐标校准等问题提出解决方案.本文提出基于联邦技术的导调系统,对于C4ISR系统的构建及防空指挥自动化的建设有很大意义,在解决空间坐标校准时采用HLA的体系结构与GIS控件技术结合的方法,通过以上方法的研究,为解决雷达组网中的系统时延、空间坐标系统误差提供系统架构解决方案.     

一种简化的雷达三维探测数据生成方法研究

雷达电子战三维实时视景仿真能够全面表现雷达电子战系统的作战态势、进程和对抗效果,为指挥员正确把握战场态势提供支持。在进行雷达电子战三维视景仿真时,传统的方法是直接构建雷达的三维探测数据,然后生成三维态势图。传统方法导致计算复杂,数据量大,不能够满足实时仿真的要求。现提出了一种在雷达探测范围二维包络线计算模型的基础上,结合垂直面上雷达天线方向图,空间数据生成的简化算法,同时考虑了雷达受到干扰情况下雷达天线垂直方向函数的修正方法。以上方法简化了计算过程,有效的减少了数据量。利用提出的方法,开发的视景仿真系统在实践中得到了应用,能够满足实时要求,文中给出了具体实例和仿真结果图。     

基于CAN 总线的雷达网络测试系统的研究

针对传统的雷达测试手段无法满足雷达网络测试工作的需求,本文设计基于CAN总线的雷达网络测试系统 来解决此类问题。首先对CAN总线进行了详细的分析,描述其优点和数据帧格式;其次从系统网络架构和功能模块两个方式 对系统进行设计;最后给出了系统的部分实现。本文对于网络管理人员和雷达测试工作人员都具有积极的作用。     

基于动态时间弯曲的欠时间信息雷达精度评估方法

测量精度是雷达核心系统指标之一,工程中对其进行准确评估有着重要意义;实际应用中在利用ADS-B数据进行精度评估时常因时间信息缺失、时间节拍不均匀等原因导致航迹点匹配误差增大,精度评估效果急剧下降甚至失效;针对上述问题对欠时间信息条件下精度评估问题进行了研究,采用了基于动态时间弯曲算法的雷达航迹点匹配技术,利用形状信息在时间信息缺失的情况下仍能实现航迹点精确匹配从而提升评估精度;考虑到实际应用中边界束缚与计算资源限制,一种预筛选与下界加速技术被提出;然后基于实际应用中序列高维序列信息采用联合度量方法进一步提高航迹点匹配精度;最后在实际测量数据上进行验证,经实验测试表明本方法在时间信息缺失的情况下也可准确评估雷达精度,计算速度快;算法扩展了ADS-B精度评估应用范围,具有广泛实用价值。     

融合雷达数据与地理信息系统的归并算法

融合算法将“不具备完整地理信息”的雷达栅格数据转换为能被GIS平台显示、处理及分析的矢量面几何体。算法从左到右、从上到下扫描雷达栅格矩阵,以相邻点的回波等级分布情况作为网格区域归并的判断依据,处理“左右一致”、“左右、上下一致”、“左右、左上、上下一致”、“左右、上下一致,而左上不一致（岛）”等的相邻栅格点情况,最终将大量的规则雷达栅格数据点归并为数量较少的不规则矢量面,从而提高雷达数据的显示、处理速度,并能借助GIS空间算子的操作,实现与空间点、线、面地物的空间统计分析。实验分析结果显示融合结果正确,对雷达观测的原始结果值在空间上不产生形变;算法处理速度较快,能满足实际应用的要求。而针对雷达矢量面数据空间分析及计算的检验结果表明雷达栅格数据在转换为矢量格式后确实能完成在原始数据格式下很难,甚至无法完成的空间统计分析功能。     

基于PSO-DT算法的多雷达优化组网仿真

为使防区内多部、多类型雷达的探测效能得到最大发挥，并有利于探测到突防目标，必须将现有的雷达进行有效组网。该文在给定的预警区域内根据组网要求，提出了一种带有扰动项的改进粒子群算法(PSO-DT)，仿真结果表明该算法能满足组网要求。     

新一代综合自动测试系统在船用雷达测试保障中的应用研究

以舰船装备综合测试的迫切需求为背景,提出了新一代综合自动测试系统(IATS)总体架构,构建新一代综合自动测试系统设备体系；针对某型船用搜索雷达,分析了船用雷达整机/分系统部件内场测试和外场原位监测评估等测试诊断需求,开展了新一代综合自动测试系统适应性和适用性等应用技术研究,实现了船用雷达工作频率、功率、带宽、噪声系数、窄脉冲信号等参数性能自动化测试和增强型原位监测评估功能。经分析评估,新一代综合自动测试系统设备体系可以满足船用雷达装备研制、试验和使用维护阶段测试保障应用,对提升其寿命周期内的测试保障效率和效能具有重要支撑作用。     

干扰条件下的雷达组网包络三维融合方法

为了解决在干扰条件下雷达网探测范围的信息冗余问题,提出了一种干扰条件下雷达组网包络三维融合方法。为降低时间复杂度,该算法首先对采样后的雷达包络数据点集合进行融合区域判定,然后再对融合区域内的采样数据点进行包络内外判断,并将位于包络内部的点以消隐的方式进行处理,最后对融合后的雷达网包络进行绘制。经过实验验证,该算法能够实时有效地对雷达组网包络进行融合处理。     

基于PXI总线的光学雷达自动测试系统研制

光学雷达在机载火控系统中具有重要的作用,需要高效准确地完成保障和维护的任务;通过对光学雷达的工作原理和测试需求的分析,提出了基于PXI总线的自动测试系统设计方案;为解决多通道视频信号的实时高速测试问题,提出并实现了基于FPGA的在线并行信号处理与逻辑计算;通过C#与LabView混合编程,实现了测试软件与FPGA算法的交互,完成了视频信号的测试要求;系统将测试软件和故障诊断推理结合起来,能够确定故障原因并给出排故说明;系统经过实践检验,满足了光学雷达系统的高效测试要求.     

天气雷达网资料拼图方法研究

天气雷达组网拼图,是克服单部雷达探测范围有限,发挥多部雷达相互辅助大范围监测灾害性天气的有效手段。本文在分析现有天气雷达组网拼图方法和存在问题的基础上,对天气雷达组网拼图的资料网格化、重叠区域处理、资料投影等方面作了进一步研究。对雷达反射率因子网格化问题,对比分析了Barnes和双线性插值算法的特性,说明Barnes插值算法网格化资料平滑且能较好地保存雷达资料特征;在重叠区域的资料订正方面,采用概率分布方法,实现了对雷达资料作用距离和天线指北等系统误差的订正,结果表明订正后的资料在重叠区域中各雷达资料的吻合度得到了加强;最后采用兰勃特投影法将天气雷达组网拼图投影到统一底图中。     

融合稀疏点云补全的3D目标检测算法

基于雷达点云的3D目标检测方法有效地解决了RGB图像的2D目标检测易受光照、天气等因素影响的问题.但由于雷达的分辨率以及扫描距离等问题,激光雷达采集到的点云往往是稀疏的,这将会影响3D目标检测精度.针对这个问题,提出一种融合稀疏点云补全的目标检测算法,采用编码、解码机制构建点云补全网络,由输入的部分稀疏点云生成完整的密...     

新体制民用雷达与实时信息处理研究

随着天线制造技术、超宽带技术、合成孔径技术和信息处理技术的发展,雷达的体积不断减小,探测精度和成像分辨率大大提升,雷达开始在民用领域中活跃起来,尤其是应用于穿透成像、微波遥感成像、滑坡监测和机场异物检测等领域的民用雷达发展十分迅速。为了让民用雷达在复杂的自然环境中具有更高、更稳定的性能,雷达信息处理技术一直在不断创新。本文介绍了民用雷达的新趋势和新技术,以及探墙雷达、微型SAR、边坡雷达和异物检测（Foreign object debris,FOD)雷达实时信息处理的关键问题和解决方案。     

机载雷达组网多站测角被动跟踪轨迹优化研究

研究多观测器轨迹优化控制问题,由于多站测角被动跟踪系统运行存在误差,用机载雷达组网的可移动传感器采集信息,可对雷达载体轨迹优化进行研究,利用控制雷达载体的飞行轨迹可有效解决跟踪目标的弱观测性及估计器的稳定性。为了改善传统轨迹优化算法容易陷入早熟收敛和局部最小的问题,提出一种模拟退火(Simulated Annealing,SA)和粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法的混合优化方法(SA-PSO)。在给出了角度信息的适应度函数表达式基础上,结合模拟退火算法的局部搜索能力和粒子群优化算法的全局搜索能力,提高优化算法的收敛速度、精度以及全局搜索能力。实验证明,改进的混合算法对雷达载体轨迹优化有效,并减小对机动目标的被动跟踪误差。     

Efficient Storage of Weather Radar Data

Weather radars produce large amounts of data and this has important implications for the archiving and analysis of data. The need for methods to deal with weather radar data sets will only increase as the United States National Weather Service (NWS) continues deployment of its 137 WSR-88D radars as part of the NEXRAD program. In this article we describe a compression and archiving strategy for weather radar data and present results for 62 days of reflectivity data from a radar operated by the NWS, as well as results for 60 days of reflectivity data for a radar operated by the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia. In their original format, these two sets require 60 GB of storage. In the format we describe, they require 4.8 GB and the data is portable across many platforms. The software for manipulating the converted data is simple, efficient, and easy to implement in C or Fortran. The savings in disk space and reduction in reading time compare favorably with what is attainable with deflation, the algorithm used in the popular gzip compression program. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天气雷达资料实时并行处理方法

利用共享存储多处理器的集群环境,研究高频度实时多部天气雷达资料处理的并行计算方法,根据单部天气雷达的计算特点和多部雷达混合处理的方法,提出一种粗粒度消息传递接口分布式内存和细粒度OpenMP共享内存混合编程的2级并行方法。实验结果表明,该方法使系统资料处理速度得到较大提高。     

The determination of the three-dimensional distribution of rain from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar

This paper describes a recent development in rainfall estimation using satellite-flown and ground-based radars. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR), its algorithms and data processing are discussed. The ground validation algorithms and processing of the ground-based radar reflectivity data are explained. The estimates of attenuation-corrected radar reflectivity factor and rainfall rate are given at each resolution cell of the PR. The estimated near-surface rainfall rate and average rainfall rate at the altitudes of 2 km are calculated for each beam position. The TRMM PR profiling algorithm and processing of the PR reflectivity for rain distribution are explained. The TRMM rain products and their geophysical parameters are derived from the measurements from the satellite and ground-based radar. The derived geophysical parameters include vertical rain and hydrometeor profile, rain type, radar back-scatter cross-section, raindrop size distribution, rain gauge rain rates and 5-day and monthly average rain rates. For validation purposes the instantaneous and climatological comparison of the rain estimates from both the Precipitation Radar and ground-based radar at Melbourne, Florida, was carried out on the basis of rain type; i.e. convective/stratiform, vertical structure and rain maps. The error sources in rain profile retrieval from space-borne radar; i.e. the PR and ground-based radar with their algorithm limitations are discussed. A second set of data, this time for an area where no simultaneous ground data are available has also been analysed; the data were chosen for the three-dimensional rain distribution over some parts of India. The issues such as discrimination of rain from surface clutter, calibration accuracy and sensitivity of precipitation radar and discrimination of rain echo from noise are discussed.     

基于分弧段角度法的雷达网重叠覆盖区域研究

合理规划雷达网的重叠覆盖区域以提升其整体能量利用率,是雷达网布站的核心要素之一。为了有效获取雷达网系统中重叠覆盖区域的具体特性,提出一种基于分弧段角度法的雷达网重叠覆盖区域计算方法,在各雷达的边界交点信息基础上,将各雷达的边界分割为一条条弧段,根据这些弧段采用分弧段角度法的搜索算法实现对雷达网重叠覆盖区域特性的计算。仿真结果表明,上述方法在多部雷达组成的雷达网区域范围内,可快速获取重叠覆盖区域的重叠层数、覆盖面积、覆盖雷达编号等信息,并分析获得各雷达及雷达网的重叠率,为雷达网布站提供有效的理论依据。     

A peer-to-peer collaboration framework for multi-sensor data fusion

A peer-to-peer collaboration framework for multi-sensor data fusion in resource-rich radar networks is presented. In this high data volume real-time application, data from multiple radars are combined to improve the accuracy of radar scans (e.g., correct for attenuation) and to provide a composite view of the area covered by the radars. Data fusion process is subject to two constraints: (1) the accuracy requirement of the final fused results, which may be different at different end nodes, and (2) the real-time requirements of the application. The accuracy requirement is achieved by dynamically selecting the appropriate set of data to exchange among the multiple radar nodes. A mechanism for selecting a dataset based on current application-specific needs is presented. We also present a dynamic peer-selection algorithm, Best Peer Selection (BPS), that chooses a set of peers based on their computation and communication capabilities to minimize the data processing time per integration algorithm. Simulation-based results show that BPS can deliver a significant performance improvement, even when the peers have high variability in available network and computation resources.     

Uncertainty analysis of radar rainfall estimates over two different climates in Iran

Accuracy of rainfall quantification is one of the most important concerns in meteorological and hydrological modelling. Satellites and weather radars can provide meteorological information with higher temporal and spatial resolution than ground stations. Rain gauges measure rain rate directly; however, weather radars estimate rain rate by converting radar reflectivity aloft to rain rate at ground level. This conversion with a power law relation between radar reflectivity and rain rate could be altered from place to place or in various precipitation types. This variety may be the source of errors and uncertainty of radar rainfall estimates. One way to assess the uncertainty of radar rainfall is simulation of rainfall fields. In this article, after calibrating two radars located in the south-western and northern parts of Iran, uncertainty of rainfall estimates of these radars has been analysed using the Gaussian Copula model. Reliability of this model was examined for 10% of the rainfall events that were not included in the simulation process. Obtained results of the current research indicate that recalibration of radars can considerably reduce bias and root mean error. In addition, the Copula-based model can generate rainfall fields with similarly spatial structures to those of observed rainfall data.