Design of 25 Gbit/s half-rate CDR with 1:2 demultiplexer for 100 GbE optical interconnects

A 25 Gbit/s clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit with 1:2 demultiplexer for 100 Gbit/s Ethernet(100 Gb E) optical interconnects has been designed and fabricated in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacture Company(TSMC) 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) technology. A novel quadrature voltage-controlled-oscillator(QVCO) structure adopts two pairs of transconductance cell and inverters to acquire rail-to-rail output swing. A half-rate bang-bang phase detector adopts four flip-flops array to sample the 25 Gbit/s input data and align the data phase, so the 25 Gbit/s data are retimed and demultiplexed into two paths 12.5 Gbit/s output data. Experimental results show that the recovered clock exhibits a peak-to-peak jitter of 7.39 ps and the recovered data presents a peak-to-peak jitter of 7.56 ps, in response to 312-1 pseudorandom bit sequence(PRBS) input. For 1.2 V voltage supply, the CDR circuit consumes 92 m W(excluding output buffers).     

2.5 Gb/s 16∶1 MUX IC Design with CMOS

A low-power and high-speed 16:1 MUX IC designed for Optical fiber communication based on TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS technology is represented. A tree-type architecture was utilized. The output data bit rate is 2.5 Gb/s at input clock rate of 1.25 GHz. The simulation results show that the output signal has peak-to-peak amplitude of 400 mV, the power dissipation is less than 200 mW and the power dissipation of core circuit is less than 20 mW at the 2.5 Gb/s standard bit rate and supply voltage of 2.5 V. The chip area is (1.8) mm~(2).     

2.5 Gb／s 16：1 MUX IC Design with CMOS

A low--power and high--speed 16.-1 MUX IC designed for optical fiber communication based on TSMC 0.25μm CMOS technology is presented. A tree—type architecture was utilized. The output data bit rate is 2.5 Gb/s at input clock rate of 1.25 GHz. The simulation results show that the output signal has peak—to—peak amplitude of 400 mV, the power dissipation is less than 200 mW and the power dissipation of core circuit is less than 20 mW at the 2.5 Gb/s standard bit rate and supply voltage of 2.5 V. The chip area is 1.8mm^2.     

2.5Gb/s单片时钟恢复数据判决与1∶4分接集成电路的设计(英文)

用0.25μmCMOS工艺实现一个复杂的高集成度的2.5Gb/s单片时钟数据恢复与1∶4分接集成电路.对应于2.5Gb/s的PRBS数据(231-1),恢复并分频后的625MHz时钟的相位噪声为-106.26dBc/Hz@100kHz,同时2.5Gb/s的PRBS数据分接出4路625Mb/s数据.芯片面积仅为0.97mm×0.97mm,电源电压3.3V时核心功耗为550mW.     

2.5Gb/s单片时钟恢复数据判决与1:4分接集成电路的设计

用0.25μm CMOS工艺实现一个复杂的高集成度的2.5Gb/s单片时钟数据恢复与1:4分接集成电路.对应于2.5Gb/s的PRBS数据(231-1),恢复并分频后的625MHz时钟的相位噪声为-106.26dBc/Hz@100kHz,同时2.5Gb/s的PRBS数据分接出4路625Mb/s数据.芯片面积仅为0.97mm×0.97mm,电源电压3.3V时核心功耗为550mW.     

一种应用于串行链路的5Gb/s低功耗电流模预加重发送器

A multi-standard compatible transmitter with pre-emphasis for high speed serial links is presented. Based on the comparison between voltage mode(VM) and current mode(CM) output driver architectures,a low power CM output driver with reverse scaling and bias current filtering technique is proposed.A 2-tap pre-emphasis filter is used to reduce the intersymbol interference caused by the low-pass channel,and a high speed,low power combined serializer is implemented to convert 10 bit parallel data into a serial data stream.The whole transmitter is fabricated in 65 nm 1.2 V/2.5 V CMOS technology.It provides an eye height greater than 800 mV for data rates of both 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s.The output root mean square jitter of the transmitter at 5 Gb/s is only 9.94 ps without pre-emphasis.The transmitter consumes 41.2 mA at 5 Gb/s and occupies only 240×140μm~2.     

Multicast-enabled high-speed VCSEL technology for flexible data center networks

We experimentally demonstrate the multiple signal modulation on a single class 10 G vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) carrier at 1 310 nm for next generation multicast-enabled data center networks. A 10 Gbit/s data signal is directly modulated onto a single mode VCSEL carrier. To maximize carrier spectral efficiency, a 2 GHz reference frequency (RF) clock tone is simultaneously modulated on the VCSEL phase attribute. The inherent VCSEL orthogonal polarization bistability with changing bias current is further exploited in transmission of a polarization based pulse per second (PPS) timing clock signal. Therefore, we simultaneously transmit a 10 Gbit/s directly modulated data, 2 GHz phase modulated RF and a polarization-based PPS clock signals using a single mode 10 GHz bandwidth VCSEL carrier. It is the first time that a single class 10 G VCSEL carrier is reported to transmit a directly modulated data, phase modulated RF clock and polarization based PPS timing signal simultaneously in a single wavelength. A of G.652 single mode fibre (SMF) transmission over 3.21 km is experimentally attained. A receiver sensitivity of ?15.60 dBm is experimentally obtained for the directly modulated 10 Gbit/s data signal. A 3.21-km-long SMF transmission introduces a penalty of 0.23 dB to the data signal. The contribution of a 2 GHz phase modulated RF and a polarization-based PPS clock signal to this penalty is found to be 0.03 dB. An RF single-side band (SSB) phase noise values of ?82.36 dBc/Hz and ?77.97 dBc/Hz are attained without and with simultaneous directly modulated data and polarization-based PPS clock signals respectively for a 3.21-km-long SMF transmission. This work provides an alternative efficient and cost effective technique for simultaneous high-speed multiple information transmission to different network nodes within a data center network through shared network infrastructure.     

A 2.5-Gb/s fully-integrated,low-power clock and recovery circuit in 0.18-μm CMOS

Based on the devised system-level design methodology,a 2.5-Gb/s monolithic bang-bang phase-locked clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit has been designed and fabricated in SMIC's 0.18-μm CMOS technology.The Pottb(a|¨)cker phase frequency detector and a differential 4-stage inductorless ring VCO are adopted,where an additional current source is added to the VCO cell to improve the linearity of the VCO characteristic.The CDR has an active area of 340×440μm~2,and consumes a power of only about 60 mW from a 1...     

Greater than 200 Gb/s Transmission Using Direct-Detection Optical OFDM Superchannel

In this paper, we propose direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing superchannel (DDO-OFDM-S) and optical multiband receiving method (OMBR) to support a greater than 200 Gb/s data rate and longer distance for direct-detection systems. For the new OMBR, we discuss the optimum carrier-to-sideband power ratio (CSPR) in the cases of back-to-back and post transmission. We derive the analytical form for CSPR and theoretically verify it. A low overhead training method for estimating I/Q imbalance is also introduced in order to improve performance and maintain high system throughput. The experiment results show that these proposals enable an unprecedented data rate of 214 Gb/s (190 Gb/s without overhead) per wavelength over an unprecedented distance of 720 km SSMF in greater than 100 Gb/s DDO-OFDM systems.     

Quality improvement of the dual-wavelength signals in DLOB via power equalization

The data packet buffering can be implemented in dual loop optical buffer (DLOB) through cross-phase modulation (XPM) between the control signal and the data packets. However,the output equality of dual wavelength signals will degrade due to the unbalanced gain and phase shift. This problem can be resolved by power equalization using the saturation character-istics of SOA. The data packets with 2.5 Gb/s can be buffered in DLOB for 16 cycles corresponding to 16.5 μs.The extinction ratio of the output packet is 8 dB while the S/N is 8.1 dB.     

GEMNET: a generalized, shuffle-exchange-based, regular, scalable,modular, multihop, WDM lightwave network

GEMNET is a generalization of shuffle-exchange networks and it can represent a family of network structures (including ShuffleNet and de Bruijn graph) for an arbitrary number of nodes. GEMNET employs a regular interconnection graph with highly desirable properties such as small nodal degree, simple routing, small diameter, and growth capability (viz. scalability). GEMNET can serve as a logical (virtual), packet-switched, multihop topology which can be employed for constructing the next generation of lightwave networks using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Various properties of GEMNET are studied     

Thermodynamics of copper matte converting: Part III. Steady-state volatilization of Au,Ag, Pb,Zn, Ni,Se, Te,Bi, Sb,and As from slag,matte, and metallic copper

A comprehensive compilation of various thermodynamic data required for a complete analysis of copper matte converting reactions is presented. The data comprise estimated free energies of formation for such gases as SeO, SeS, TeO, TeS, BiO, BiS, SbO, SbS, AsO, and AsS, as well as activity coefficients in dilute copper alloys and vapor pressures of various elements and compounds. The volatilization of minor elements in steady-state reactors comprising gas and several condensed phases is mathematically formulated, and a parameter which governs the volatilization in such reactors is defined and named volatilization constant. The vapor pressures of various volatile species are calculated thermodynamically for the Noranda Process reactor by assuming equilibrium conditions. The volatilization constants of various minor elements are expressed explicitly as functions of oxygen and sulfur activities. Formerly Associate Professor, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT     

PBX技术.市态.营销.选购

本文介绍了ＰＢＸ交换机的技术及市场需求态势。并提出ＰＢＸ产品的营销要素及其用户在选购时应遵循的原则。     

Bits, symbols, bauds, and bandwidth

The use of clear, concise, and unambiguous language in telecommunications engineering is vital to communicate a desired meaning and understanding. Terminology should be based on rigorous engineering principles and traceable to well known and dependable sources. This article deals with four everyday terms commonly encountered in the popular semi-technical press as well as in serious engineering periodicals. The misuse of these and other terms can lead to low-balled cost proposals, court litigation, and patent infringement cases. Imagine how an engineering student can be confused when she/he typically encounters bandwidth measured in bits per second     

Novel planar, square-shaped, dielectric-waveguide, single-, and dual-mode filters

This paper presents a novel concept of a square-shaped dielectric-waveguide resonator, which can easily realize a dielectric-waveguide cross-coupled filter or a dielectric-waveguide dual-mode filter, using the conventional printed circuit board (PCB) process. This planar dielectric-waveguide resonator has a higher Q value than a microstrip resonator. The physical mechanisms of both single- and dual-mode filters are elucidated. Some new coupling structures are developed for undergoing the PCB process. Filter design procedures are detailed. Design curves for the coupling coefficients of internal- and external-coupling structures are determined by full-wave finite-element-method electromagnetic calculations. Measurement results are highly consistent with theory for all trial filters. This study offers an effective means of producing low-cost high-performance planar circuit filters.     

人工智能时代“微机原理与接口技术”教学探讨

本文简述了在人工智能时代，我们的“微机原理与接口技术”课程教学团队基于线下线上混合教学模式，开展微机原理与接口技术的关键知识单元讲解的同时，实时课程思政，讲好微机原理的新故事；如何培养学生自主探索式学习技能，在课程基本知识单元学习的基础上扩展延伸相关深度学习、GPU技术、Python语言、FPGA技术等人工智能方面的知识单元的探究与学习，使得课程学习与人工智能的前沿发展相结合，理论联系实际，吸引和培养学生对该课程学习的兴趣和整体知识面扩展，这对于我们培养具有自主创新的科学探索精神的高素质专业人才具有重要的现实意义。