聚砜、复合增韧剂改性酚醛模塑料的耐油性研究

通过采用聚砜、复合增韧剂对酚醛模塑料的界面进行改性，成功地制得了一种耐油型酚醛模塑料。分别在200℃和170℃的滑油中浸24h和100h，测其力学性能和电绝缘性能，除垂直纤维方向的压缩强度外，各项性能保持率均达95％以上。采用SEM等手段对改性模塑料进行研究和分析，并同国外同类材料进行比较分析，发现聚砜、复合增韧剂改性酚醛模塑料具有优异的力学性能、电绝缘性能和耐滑油性能，是国防用理想材料。     

聚砜改性酚醛树脂玻纤增强模塑料的热老化研究

研究了聚砜改性酚醛树脂玻纤增强模塑料在200℃、230℃的热老化过程中的力学性能、电学性能的变化情况。结果表明，热老化后，材料的性能(弯曲强度除外)虽有所下降，但仍能满足使用要求，说明此种模塑料具有良好的热稳定性，能在200℃下长期使用。     

高外观热稳定性酚醛注塑料的研制

介绍了一种高外观热稳定性酚醛注塑料的配方、制备工艺及其性能。以热固性液体酚醛树脂和热塑性固体酚醛树脂相结合为主要基质，添加高填充量的短切玻璃纤维，并引入特种超细矿物质填料，采用复配的固化体系，应用界面改性技术并经特殊的混和、分散和塑炼工艺，制备了高外观热稳定性酚醛注塑料。该注塑料具有优秀的高温外观热稳定性能，由通常的低于300℃(2h)，提高到300℃(2h)和370℃(1h)，并具有优良的尺寸稳定性、电绝缘性能、力学性能以及注塑性能.     

六方氮化硼/碳化硅晶须填充改性聚酰亚胺导热绝缘复合材料的制备及表征

采用固相共混方法将六方氮化硼(h-BN)和碳化硅晶须(SiCw)作为导热填料对单醚酐型聚酰亚胺(PI)模塑粉进行改性,然后通过热模压工艺制备PI导热绝缘复合模压材料,并对其性能进行表征。测试结果表明:h-BN可以有效提高模塑料导热性能、热性能和电绝缘性能,但会降低材料力学性能;SiCw可以有效提高复合材料导热性能、热性能和力学性能,但会显著降低电绝缘性能。将h-BN/SiCw复配使用,在显著提高复合材料导热性能和热性能的同时又可保持其良好的力学性能和电绝缘性能。添加30%(质量分数)h-BN/SiCw(3/1),复合材料导热系数提高至1.21 W/(m·K),是未改性PI材料的4.84倍,弯曲强度为142MPa,体积电阻率为1.27×10~(14)Ω·cm,线性热膨胀系数(CTE)显著降低为55.6μm/(m·℃)。     

热老化对聚砜改性酚醛树脂力学性能的影响

研究了聚砜改性酚醛树脂玻纤维强模塑料在200℃、230℃，时间为500h的热老化过程中所发生的力学性能变化情况。结果表明，在200℃老化时，经过500h后，材料的力学性能仍很高，其弯曲强度可达1058．35MPa，冲击强度为242．73kJ/m^2，拉伸强度为389．9MPa,压缩强度（平行于纤维方向）为160．33MPa。老化后，虽然力学性能（除弯曲强度外）会有所下降，但仍能满足材料的使用要求。说明此种模塑料能在200℃以下长期使用，是一种有发展前途的耐热塑料。     

酚醛模塑料改性及成型工艺研究进展

综述了酚醛模塑料及其成型工艺的研究进展。酚醛模塑料的改性方法主要包括基体树脂改性和填充改性,其中基体树脂改性可细分为结构改性、共聚改性和共混改性等。介绍了酚醛模塑料的主要成型工艺,包括模压成型工艺和注射成型工艺。分析了后固化处理工艺对产品性能的影响,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

腰果酚改性酚醛泡沫树脂的研究

采用腰果酚作增韧剂对酚醛泡沫树脂进行增韧改性。通过改变反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等合成酚醛树脂并制备酚醛泡沫。测定其拉伸强度、固含量、红外光谱图并进行可发泡性试验,最终得到改性酚醛泡沫的最佳工艺条件。实验发现当腰果酚代替量(质量分数)35%,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为3.5 h,催化剂二水合草酸用量为1.65 g时,酚醛树脂的性能最好,拉伸强度为1.8MPa,且发泡效果比较好。     

酚醛模塑料耐高温性的研究

采用一种自制的苯酚甲醛树脂和复合固化体系，以无机玻璃纤维为增强材料，得到一种可注射成型的酚醛模塑料，对其耐高温性能进行了研究。热变形温度及TGA测试表明该材料耐高温性能优异，热变形温度达到272℃；温度在401℃时仅失重5％。     

酚醛BMC

美国最大的预制整体模塑料（BMC）生产商BMC公司宣布推出酚醛基模塑料。新的BMC—X—Cel针对耐高温用途如汽车盖下零件和排气部件，以及油箱、仪表等而设计。据称玻纤填充酚醛BMC在220℃性能保持85％以上．300℃性能保持60％以上。材料在149～188℃固化约1min，根据使用性能要求还需要在177℃后烘烤20min～2h。     

双氰胺改性酚醛泡沫塑料性能研究

针对酚醛泡沫塑料脆性大和强度低的缺点,采用双氰胺作为改性剂,对酚醛树脂及其泡沫塑料进行了改性研究,并将改性前后两种泡沫塑料的性能进行了对比。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱对酚醛树脂进行了结构表征,通过粉化率、冲击强度和压缩强度测试分析了改性酚醛泡沫塑料的脆性和力学性能,通过热失重分析了改性酚醛泡沫塑料的热稳定性,并采用极限氧指数仪测定了改性酚醛泡沫塑料的阻燃性能。结果显示,当加入的双氰胺用量为苯酚质量的3%时,改性酚醛泡沫塑料的综合性能最好,其压缩强度达到0.046 MPa,冲击强度达到3.36 k J/m2,粉化率低至2.13%,极限氧指数达到38.5%。相对于纯酚醛泡沫塑料,双氰胺改性酚醛泡沫塑料的力学性能有所提升,脆性明显改善。在热稳定性方面,纯酚醛泡沫塑料在340℃时已明显失重,而3%双氰胺改性酚醛泡沫塑料在370℃后才开始快速失重,热稳定性更好。随着双氰胺用量的增加,改性酚醛泡沫塑料的极限氧指数增大,阻燃性能有所提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。