油炸洋葱脆片的研制

以洋葱粉和马铃薯淀粉为主要原料,从原料的配比和成型条件等方面对洋葱脆片的制作工艺进行了研究.确定了洋葱脆片的制作工艺、主要工艺条件和配方.并对产品的含水量、酥脆度、色泽和外形的平整性等品质特性进行了评价.洋葱脆片的最佳配方为;洋葱粉35g.马铃薯淀粉34g,糯米粉12g,增稠剂0.49g;最佳工艺条件为;洋葱脆片的切片厚度为2mm,油炸温度为140℃,油炸时间为10s,产品具有香、酥、脆的特点.     

正交试验优化油炸茄盒的工艺研究

采用单因素试验与正交试验,以感官评价、质构指标分析和烹饪损失率为指标,综合考察4种因素对油炸茄盒品质的影响。结果表明,油炸茄盒的最佳工艺为油炸温度180℃、油炸时间2.5 min、切片厚度1.0 cm、肉馅用量13.0 g。所得最佳油炸工艺下的茄盒口感软嫩,风味突出,色泽金黄,体态完整。     

真空低温油炸藕片的工艺研究

以新鲜莲藕为原料,研究了麦芽糊精浓度、烘干时间、油炸温度、油炸时间对真空低温油炸藕片品质的影响,通过测量藕片的含水量、含油量、色度、脆度等指标结合感官评价,确定了真空低温油炸藕片的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明最佳工艺条件为:用6%麦芽糊精溶液以及比例为100 m L水(含2 g盐,0.5 g味精)的调味料浸渍液浸渍处理,烘干40 min,100℃下真空油炸40 min。     

不同加工条件对即食泥鳅质构特性的影响

对即食泥鳅加工过程中腌制、油炸、灭菌的不同加工条件对产品质构特性的影响进行研究,并通过正交优化试验得到最优工艺条件,即加盐量3%、腌制时间2 h、油炸温度170℃、油炸时间6 min、灭菌温度121℃、灭菌时间30 min,此条件下加工出来的即食泥鳅口感最佳。     

基于模糊数学评价法优化低钠盐腌制即食红鱼片工艺

探究腌制料配比和加工工艺对即食红鱼片品质的影响,研发一种低钠盐腌制的即食红鱼片产品。以红鱼作为研究对象,模糊数学感官评价法为主要考察指标,利用质构、色差等技术,研究低钠盐腌制工艺和烘干油炸工艺对即食红鱼片品质的影响。确定的最佳腌制料配比：低钠盐6 g/100 g、白砂糖5 g/100 g、生抽3.0 g/100 g、料酒150 g/100 g、白醋2.0 g/100 g、碳酸氢钠0.6 g/100 g、辣椒面9 g/100 g,最佳的加工条件：烘干温度50 ℃、烘干时间3 h、油炸温度160 ℃、油炸时间3.0 min。该配方下得到的低钠盐腌制即食红鱼片色泽金黄,有嚼劲,咸淡适中。     

低温真空油炸柿子脆片工艺优化及其品质分析

本文以柿子为原料，开展油炸温度、油炸时间、脱油时间以及切片厚度4个单因素对低温真空油炸柿子品质影响，并根据Box-Behnken试验原理，以柿子脆片的脆度、色差为响应值对低温真空油炸柿子脆片加工工艺进行优化，进一步对最终产品理化成分、微生物指标和微观结构进行分析。结果表明，油炸温度、油炸时间、脱油时间和切片厚度都影响柿子脆片的脆度和色差，经响应面优化试验分析并根据实际修正确定低温真空油炸柿子脆片的最佳工艺为：脱油时间5 min、油炸时间50 min、油炸温度80℃、切片厚度5.5 mm。该条件下柿子脆片脆度858.97 g、色差值ΔE 17.28、水分含量2.60%、含油率为22.53%、可滴定酸0.34 g/L、VC含量31.20 mg/100 g；柿子脆片产品色泽金黄、形状完整，脆片内部呈现蜂窝状多孔疏松结构，产品口感酥脆，微生物指标符合卫生要求。本研究可为柿子低温真空油炸脆片产品的开发提供技术支撑。     

响应面法优化油炸豌豆饼的加工工艺

以豌豆、米粉为主要原料制作油炸豌豆饼,探讨豌豆饼胚厚度、油炸温度和油炸时间3个单因素对其质构和感官评定的影响;在此基础上,以感官评分为指标,采用Box-Benhnken响应面试验对工艺参数进行优化,并测定最终产品的理化指标及微生物指标.研究表明:豌豆饼胚厚度6 mm、油炸温度165℃、油炸时间3 min为最佳工艺参数....     

前处理改善油炸藕片质量的研究

本研究就切片厚度、护色、烫漂与硬化、预脱水等处理对油炸藕片质量的影响进行了研究,确定油炸藕片最佳工艺为切片厚度1.5mm;1%NaCl,0.5%柠檬酸,0.1%VC混合溶液浸泡护色1h;90℃的0.3%柠檬酸和1%CaCl2混合液中漂烫和硬化10min;-18℃预冷冻1h预脱水;170℃油炸至藕片表面没有浮泡为止。油炸藕片色泽均匀,呈淡黄色,气泡少;吸油量26.5%;口感酥脆不油腻。     

魔芋馒头的工艺条件研究

以传统馒头制作方法为基础,魔芋精粉作为创新元素,加入藜麦粉和蛋白粉,制成一款低GI且富含膳食纤维和蛋白质的馒头。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定魔芋馒头最佳的配方和工艺流程。经过专业人员感官评价、比容和质构特性的分析,综合得出最佳配方为:中筋粉120 g、魔芋精粉9 g、澄粉12 g、藜麦粉3 g、豌豆蛋白粉6 g、干酵母粉1.1 g、泡打粉0.9 g,发酵时间30 min时,制作的魔芋馒头感官品质和质构特性最佳。     

回锅肉生产中预煮与油炸处理工艺研究

以猪肉为原料，针对回锅肉加工过程中预煮条件(肉条大小、预煮时间和料液比)、油炸条件(肉片厚度、油炸温度和油炸时间)对产品品质的影响进行研究。通过单因素试验结合响应面试验，对其加工工艺进行优化，确定回锅肉最佳的加工工艺。结果表明，最佳工艺条件为肉条大小6 cm×8 cm、预煮时间27 min、料液比1∶3、肉片厚度3 mm、油炸时间25 s、油炸温度164℃。在此条件下，回锅肉的感官评分为89.45分。该试验对川菜回锅肉的加工条件进行了探究，为回锅肉工业化生产提供了数据和理论参考。     

低温真空油炸莲子的工艺优化

本文采用响应面试验设计方法研究低温真空油炸莲子的最佳工艺.对莲子进行低温真空油炸实验,测量油炸后莲子的硬度、含油量,研究了单因素对油炸莲子硬度和含油量的影响,采用Box-Behnken Design建立回归模型,分析真空度(0.085～0.095 MPa)、油炸温度(80～90℃)、油炸时间(15～25 min)对莲子...     

Determination of acrylamide content of food products in Korea

Acrylamide (AA) contents of commercial market‐purchased foods and of traditional home‐cooked Korean foods were investigated. The effect of cooking method on AA amount in potatoes was also studied. AA contents of roasted barley and corn ranged from 116 to 449 µg kg^?1 and of chips ranged from 12 to 3241 µg kg^?1, representing a very high variation in AA contents among tested samples. Lower levels of AA were found in wheat flour chips compared to potato chips. AA contents of ramen noodles were below 37 µg kg^?1, whether they contained potato starch or not. The AA contents of Korean home‐cooked oil fried foods increased in the following order: yakwa < whole deep‐fried sea tangle < ground and deep‐fried lotus root < ground and pan‐fried lotus root < French fries < ground and pan‐fried potato. Lotus root and garlic also had the potential to produce AA during cooking. Pre‐treatment such as grinding, boiling, freezing and thawing increased the AA formation in oil‐fried potato. Temperature was more influential than time on AA formation during deep‐oil frying. Removing water‐soluble fractions reduced AA content of cooked potatoes. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

海鲈鱼鱼松加工工艺研究

摘 要：目的 优化海鲈鱼鱼松加工工艺。方法 以海鲈鱼为原料制备鱼松,通过质构、色差及感官评分确定鱼松加工中蒸煮时间、初炒时间和炒酥时间3个关键工艺参数。在此基础上,以感官评价为指标对单因素试验和正交试验结果分析,获得鱼松的最佳配方,由电子舌、电子鼻检测对感官评价结果进行验证。结果 蒸煮时间20 min、初炒时间10 min,炒酥时间25 min为鱼松最佳加工条件,而影响感官评分的配料因素排序依次为食盐添加量＞豌豆粉添加量＞白砂糖添加量,当添加2%食盐、5%白砂糖、8%豌豆粉制备的鱼松品质最好。结论 一定工艺条件下,食盐添加量对海鲈鱼鱼松感官品质有较大影响,本研究可为工业化生产海鲈鱼鱼松产品提供参考。     

Acrylamide formation in different batter formulations during microwave frying

Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is found to be formed in a wide range of fried foods. In this study, the effects of microwave frying on acrylamide formation in the coating part of chicken were investigated. It was also aimed to determine the effects of various flour types (soy, chickpea and rice flour) in batter formulations on the acrylamide formation and on the color of fried chicken. Usage of all flour types except soy flour resulted in approximately the same moisture content and color development after 1.5 min of microwave frying. Acrylamide contents of batter parts of 1.5 min microwave fried samples having different flours were similar. Microwave frying provided lower acrylamide content and lighter color as compared to those fried conventionally for 5 min for all types of flours. This reduction in acrylamide level was the highest (34.5%) for rice flour containing batter.     

Enhancement of Frying Oil Stability by a Natural Antioxidative Ingredient in the Coating System of Fried Meat Nuggets

Cottonseed oil containing commercial antioxidants was used for continuous (a 2-day time period; < 24 hr) frying of beef nuggets that were batter-breaded with either 100% commercial coating mix or a coating system containing defatted glandless cottonseed flour (GCF). Analyses of oil samples revealed that oil used for frying the nuggets with the GCF-containing coating was less susceptible to lipid hydrolysis and oxidation and color-darkening. GCF in the coating also minimized lipid oxidation in beef nuggets fried in the oil at various stages of heating time during the 2-day frying operation. Results indicated that GCF in the coating not only could enhance the oxidative stability of fried nuggets but also could decrease the breakdown of the frying oil.     

莲藕膳食纤维法式小面包的生产配方研究

添加适量藕渣粉和藕汁,采用直接发酵法生产法式小面包,在预实验确定法式小面包的基本生产配方及工艺要点的条件下,对关键原辅料用量进行了单因素和正交实验,最终确定糕点粉、藕汁、藕渣粉、食品添加剂(面包改良剂和单甘酯混合物,重量比为2:3)的最佳用量分别为20%、21%、6%、1.5%,生产的莲藕膳食纤维法式小面包比容、色香味、口感及质构纹理俱佳。     

Characterization of deep‐fat frying in a wheat flour–water mixture model using a state diagram

BACKGROUND: Crispness is an important characteristic to be controlled in deep‐fat fried products. The physical state of food polymers influences the development of cellular structure and textural qualities of fried food. Glassy state is believed to play an important role in the mechanical properties of low‐moisture food. Therefore, an understanding of the physicochemical phenomena in the development of fried food structure using a state diagram of the frying process is discussed. RESULTS: Wheat flour models containing 400 and 600 g kg^?1 initial moisture content were fried in frying oil at 150 °C for 1–7 min. Thermal properties of wheat flour, structure alteration and textural properties of fried samples were evaluated. The porous structure continuously enlarged when the sample was in the rubbery state. As the frying time was prolonged, the state of the product became glassy due to a decrease in water content, resulting in the ceasing of porous enlargement. Conclusion: The results revealed that physicochemical changes during frying influence the alteration of microstructure and quality of fried food, and the state diagram could be applied to explain the formation of microstructure during the frying process and used as a decision‐making tool to choose the proper conditions to provide desirable qualities in fried food. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

食用植物油煎炸过程中的品质变化北大核心CSCD

利用花生油、大豆油、调和油、棕榈油4种食用植物油作为煎炸油对豆腐、裹粉鸡柳、油条3种食材进行煎炸,研究煎炸时间对煎炸油极性组分含量及羰基值的影响,确定煎炸油时间预警点,同时研究了不同煎炸油品种、不同食材对煎炸油极性组分含量的影响。结果表明:极性组分含量、羰基值均与煎炸时间呈正相关(r_(极性组分)=0.809,r_(羰基值)=0.859,P=0.000);煎炸6~11 h煎炸油极性组分含量均值从初始的11.85%增至20.96%,最大值为34.10%,可作为煎炸油质量不达标的时间预警点;煎炸12 h,极性组分含量从低到高依次为花生油、棕榈油、调和油、大豆油,含量分别为21.1%、24.1%、26.8%、27.8%,豆腐、裹粉鸡柳、油条煎炸油中极性组分含量分别为17.7%、25.0%、32.2%;煎炸18 h,极性组分含量增大程度由低到高为棕榈油/调和油、大豆油、花生油,煎炸食材用油为豆腐煎炸油、裹粉鸡柳煎炸油、油条煎炸油。     

Characteristics and oil absorption in deep‐fat fried batter prepared from ball‐milled wheat flour

BACKGROUND: The porous structure generated during frying influences oil absorption and textural qualities. The alteration in physical properties of wheat flour is suspected to affect the structure formation. The present study investigated the effect of physicochemical changes in wheat flour by the ball‐milling process on structure formation and consequently oil absorption of a fried wheat flour batter model. RESULTS: Batter models containing 600 g kg^?1 moisture were made of 0–10 h ball‐milled wheat flour and then fried in frying oil at 150 °C for 1–7 min. The samples made of milled flour possess larger pores and exhibit lower oil absorption than sample made of 0 h milled flour. The fracture force of a fried sample prepared from 5 and 10 h milled flour is lower than that of a sample prepared from 0 h milled flour. CONCLUSION: The decrease in glass transition temperature (T_g) and melting temperature (T_m) of milled flour affect the microstructure formation in the fried wheat flour batter. The microstructure is responsible for oil absorption and fracturability in fried food. The samples made of flour of longer ball‐milling time have lower oil absorption and higher crispness. Ball‐milling may be a tool to produce mechanically modified wheat flour which can reduce oil absorption for fried batter. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry