热敏（温变）油墨的变色原理及其在包装领域的应用

阐述了不可逆和可逆热敏(温变)油墨的变色原理,及不可逆热敏(温变)油墨的示温功能在食品、药品等包装领域的应用,可逆热敏(温变)油墨在包装防伪领域的应用。展望了热敏(温变)油墨的发展方向,即开发出适合于胶印与凹印、成本较低、变色温度灵敏的热敏(温变)油墨。     

计算机防伪技术（下篇）

四、图像隐藏防伪技术目前较常见的隐形防伪技术有传统的造纸水印和隐形防伪油墨。传统的造纸水印是在造纸的抄纸过程中,把隐形图像制作在纸张里的。油墨类隐形防伪技术是使用隐形荧光油墨或隐形热敏变色油墨把防伪标识加印在印刷品上,这些印刷品便成为隐形防伪印刷品。图像隐藏防伪技术充分运用图像数字处理技术,并结合特殊加网印刷技术、隐形防伪标识技术、纸类再加工技术和光栅技术,把隐形图像巧妙地隐藏在表面图像的隐形区域里,从而使图像成为具有极强的防伪性、保密性和伪装性的隐形图像,以适应各种各样的需要。由图像隐藏防伪技术所制…     

微球物理发泡油墨的丝网印刷效果及特性

目的考察物理发泡微球的油墨化及印刷效果。方法将热膨胀型微胶囊按一定比例配制得到物理发泡油墨,采用丝网印刷的工艺,将发泡油墨转移至无纺布、铜版纸、铝箔纸这3种承印基材上。通过扫描电镜、厚度计和分光光度计分别测量发泡前后样品的形貌、厚度和色度变化。对印品发泡高度与承印基材之间的关系、发泡高度随温度的变化规律、油墨发泡前后的色彩特性进行研究。结果印刷在无纺布的发泡体的高度较大,且套印2次后发泡体的厚度具有显著的变化。微球的最大发泡温度为150℃左右。青色油墨发泡前后的色差为14.49,发泡后的印品饱和度增加、明度值增加、色相基本不变。结论微球发泡油墨可以在柔性基材上获得浮雕式的立体油墨图案和高饱和度的色彩效果。     

天然多糖基室温磷光油墨的制备及防伪应用

目的 为解决常规发光防伪油墨环境不友好，防伪性能单一等问题，以生物基材料为刚性主体结构，芳香磺酸类化合物为客体分子制备水性生物基室温磷光油墨，探索其性能调控因素及包装防伪应用性能。方法 将生物基材料与芳香磺酸类化合物溶于水中获得室温磷光油墨，调控油墨组分、含量等因素，研究其对油墨黏度、油墨层磷光性能的作用机理，并套印不同发光颜色、余辉时长的防伪油墨，获得多色、动态发光的防伪图案，挖掘其包装防伪应用潜力。结果 实验表明，在水性油墨中，生物基材料添加的质量分数为8%，芳香磺酸类化合物添加量为0.16%时，油墨干燥后获得最佳的长余辉发光效果；使用模板刮涂方式印刷防伪图案，模板厚度为0.5mm时，防伪图案综合效果最佳。结论 具有丰富氨基、羟基等基团的生物基材料（如羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠），能形成具有强氢键作用的刚性结构，有效抑制芳香磺酸类化合物的非辐射跃迁，提升了所制备油墨的发光寿命和效率，有效提升了包装防伪油墨的环境友好度及防伪性能。     

聚乙烯蜡对无苯凹印油墨性能的影响

目的研究耐磨助剂(聚乙烯蜡)对无苯凹印油墨性能的影响,探讨聚乙烯蜡质量分数对墨层耐磨性能及喷涂二维码附着牢度的影响。方法通过改变无苯凹印白墨中聚乙烯蜡用量,配制凹印白墨,并制备印刷样进行耐磨性能、二维码附着牢度等试验。结果聚乙烯蜡可以改善墨层的耐磨性能,但其质量分数超过3%后会造成墨层与二维码附着牢度下降。当聚乙烯蜡质量分数为2%时,制备油墨印刷品的耐磨性能及与所喷UV二维码的附着牢度的综合性能最佳。结论通过控制聚乙烯蜡质量分数可以获得墨层耐磨性与二维码附着牢度均较好的无苯凹印油墨。     

光学变色防伪油墨的颜色预测模型

为更好地研究光学变色油墨的显色性能,加大其在半色调印刷品防伪领域的应用,在分析光学变色油墨变色原理的基础上,着重分析了光变油墨中的薄膜理论,由此建立了一个统一的光学油墨半色调印刷品的光谱反射率预测模型。模型能够很好地预测防伪印刷品和油墨的颜色变化,从而为光变油墨的光谱分析提供了很好的理论依据,能更好地控制防伪油墨的颜色变化。     

造纸助留剂在光致变色防伪纸中的应用研究

目的研究不同造纸助留剂CPAM,APAM,高取代度淀粉和变性淀粉对紫外光致变色防伪纸的物理性能和防伪性能的影响。方法系统研究了4种常用造纸助留剂对光致变色材料在防伪纸中的留着量的影响,评定防伪纸的物理性能和防伪性能,从而确定了不同助留剂在浆料中的最佳用量。结果光致变色防伪纸的抄造特性和防伪性能与纸料体系中所用助留剂的种类和性能密切相关。在一定的光致变色材料体系下,不同助留剂的最佳加入量为变性淀粉的质量分数1.5%,CPAM的质量分数0.005%,APAM的质量分数0.015%,高取代度淀粉的质量分数0.15%。结论在浆料中加入助留剂后,紫外光致变色材料在防伪纸中的留着量显著增加,且加入助留剂的种类不同时,其纸张的相对荧光强度值也不同,从而保证了紫外光致变色纸张的防伪效果。     

基于丝网印刷和光固化油墨制备具有角度变色效应的光子晶体防伪图案（英文）

具有角度变色效应的光子晶体图案是一种新型防伪材料.虽然该材料的制备方法早有报道,但鲜有研究工作聚焦于发展低成本、规模化、高效可控的制备技术与工艺.本论文发展了一种结合丝网印刷和光固化过程的新制备方法,以SiO₂胶粒/单体为油墨,通过丝印在基材表面构筑图案,并利用紫外光固化最终形成光子晶体图案.通过综合评估光子晶体油墨的固化速度、所制墨迹的角度变色能力、结构色分布均匀性、机械及化学稳定性,从“丙烯酸酯型”、“丙烯酰胺型”、“烯烃型”活性单体中筛选出适于制造光子晶体油墨的单体主料和辅料.此外,通过系统研究丝印模板目数对涂层厚度和印刷分辨率的影响,确定了实现最优结构色强度和图案精度的制备条件.最后,论文提出几种光子晶体防伪图案的设计方案,可实现单色图案随角度变色、双色图案特定角度单色化、层叠图案交替显现等动态视觉效果.     

吸收剂含量对电磁吸收喷墨油墨印刷适性的影响

目的制备性能优异的电磁吸收喷墨油墨,研究电磁吸收剂含量对油墨印刷适性的影响。方法测试吸收剂含量不同时的电磁吸收油墨的粒径、表面张力、粘度、光固化速度,研究电磁吸收剂含量的变化对电磁吸收喷墨油墨印刷适性的影响规律,获得最合适的电磁吸收剂用量。结果当吸收剂质量分数为0.025%,0.05%或0.1%时,油墨粒径在200~300 nm范围内呈现正态分布;当吸收剂质量分数为0.2%时,大部分油墨的粒径超过500 nm,分散性相对较差。随着电磁吸收剂质量分数的增加,油墨表面张力和粘度均呈下降趋势。当吸收剂质量分数为0.025%和0.05%时,油墨表面张力分别为25.76,25.94 m N/m,油墨粘度分别为0.1354,0.1083 Pa·s,均与喷墨3D打印机专用树脂表面张力和粘度接近。此外,该2种油墨光固化过程中的相对反应速率与3D打印机专用树脂也较接近。结论经综合考虑,当吸收剂质量分数为0.05%时的油墨印刷适性和固化速度最佳。     

可逆温变转色UV油墨及其变色特性

目的制备环保、适用范围广的温变转色防伪油墨。方法利用隐色染料(热敏黑)、显色剂(双酚A)及溶剂(十四醇)组成可逆温变转色复配物,然后用原位聚合法对复配物进行微胶囊包覆,最后将微胶囊加入UV连接料体系中制成可逆温变转色UV油墨,分析油墨的色度学特性。结果当乳化转速为16 000 r/min、p H值为2~3、乳化温度为45℃、乳化时间为30~40 min时,微胶囊粒径较小,显色效果较好。对该可逆温变转色UV油墨样品进行CIE-Lab色度学特性分析,在整个加热/冷却循环后,温变转色油墨又回到初始明度值,油墨样品明度发生滞后现象,整个过程中样品的明度值形成一个闭环的回路。结论该法制备的可逆温变转色油墨具有检测方便、变色效果明显等优点,在包装防伪印刷中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from