Filtration process cost in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for urban wastewater treatment

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the main factors affecting the cost of the filtration process in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for urban wastewater (UWW) treatment. Experimental data for CAPEX/OPEX calculations was obtained in an AnMBR system featuring industrial-scale hollow-fiber (HF) membranes. Results showed that operating at J₂₀ slightly higher than the critical flux results in minimum CAPEX/OPEX. The minimum filtration process cost ranged from €0.03 to €0.12 per m³, mainly depending on SGD_m (from 0.05 to 0.3 m³·m^?2·h^?1) and MLSS (from 5 to 25 g·L^?1). The optimal SGD_m resulted in approx. 0.1 m³·m^?2·h^?1.     

厌氧膜生物反应器在废水处理中的研究进展

厌氧膜生物反应器是一种处理高浓度有机废水的有效工艺.综述了厌氧膜生物反应器的特征,在工业废水处理中的应用以及低温下厌氧处理低浓度废水的效果,并展望了厌氧膜生物反应器的应用前景.     

污水处理中厌氧动态膜生物反应器的研究进展

除了具有传统厌氧膜生物反应器的优点,厌氧动态膜生物反应器(AnDMBR)以其膜材料成本低、膜污染容易控制等独特优势逐渐成为目前研究的焦点。简要分析了厌氧动态膜的运行过程,总结了长期运行条件下An DMBR的工艺性能,讨论了工艺性能的影响因素。最后探讨与展望了AnDMBR工艺的研究方向与应用前景。     

生物强化技术对厌氧消化特性影响研究进展

将生物强化技术应用到厌氧消化过程中,可克服复杂底物类型或消极环境条件等不利因素,因而近年来备受研究者的青睐。本文从生物强化制剂的类型出发,阐述了细菌强化、真菌强化、古菌强化、互营微生物强化和生物酶强化对厌氧消化特性的影响,并在此基础上回顾了生物强化技术在木质纤维素类底物、受氨氮/丙酸抑制类废水和难降解有机物消化中的应用,最后讨论了附着型强化方式和多段式强化方式对生物强化技术的影响。大量研究表明生物强化技术具有显著促进厌氧消化特性的积极影响,但在部分研究中并未得到良好成效,生物强化制剂的选择是该技术的关键所在。利用互营微生物的协同代谢或提高生物酶在系统中的稳定性将稳固生物强化技术的作用。此外,选择合适的附着载体和投加策略将进一步拓展生物强化技术在废水厌氧处理中的应用。     

新型厌氧反应器+厌氧MBR处理乳品废水的实验研究

开发了新型复合式厌氧工艺,它由新型厌氧反应器和厌氧膜生物反应器(MBR)两个单元组成,实验用水经过新型厌氧反应器的前处理再经过厌氧MBR的深度处理,检测后排放。实验中以人工配制乳品废水作为进水,对整套系统的运行状况及特性进行了分析,结果表明,人工配置乳品废水在经过新型厌氧反应器+厌氧MBR的系统处理作用后出水水质得到大幅度改善,系统运行稳定,处理效果较好。实验通过对两种废水处理工艺进行效益对比,得出新型厌氧反应器+厌氧MBR无论在经济效益方面还是在社会环境效益方面,都具有一定的竞争优势。     

厌氧膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展

综述了厌氧膜生物反应器中的微生物种群与分布特点、厌氧膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用情况,讨论了影响厌氧膜生物反应器性能的主要参数、膜的污染预防与控制等,最后探讨和展望了厌氧膜生物反应器的应用前景,并指出了该领域今后的研究方向。     

Biogas production and microbial community structure in a stable-stage of a two-stage anaerobic digester

In a pilot plant under the stable-stage of the two-stage anaerobic digester, the dynamic of the archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryal community structure was studied as well as their link to performance and biogas production. An effective synergic action between microorganisms was reached since biogas production and particularly methane (CH₄) generation, were more than two-times higher in the methanogenic respect to the acidogenic bioreactor. The α- and β-diversity analyses showed that dominant and rare operational taxonomic units of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms were critical in developing a functional successful anaerobic digestion process. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that acid/alkalinity ratio, volatile fatty acid, and pH parameters mainly affected prokaryotic and eukaryotic phylotypes and a clear positive relationship was found between several phylotypes, such as Methanobacteriaceae, Unknown Thaumarchaeota, Intestinibacter, Coprothermobacter, and Magnoliophyta, with biogas and CH₄ production and performance parameters.     

Effect of retention time and organic loading rate on anaerobic acidification and biogasification of dairy manure

Vast amounts of animal manure produced from concentrated animal feeding operations have the potential to be converted into economic gain if the proper processing technology is employed. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective way to convert organic wastes including animal manure into profitable by‐products as well as to reduce the pollution of water, air, and soil caused by these wastes. Two‐phase AD of manure offers several advantages over conventional one‐phase AD. Solids reduction through hydrolysis/acidification might be very significant for animal manure which contains high amounts of solids. However, to date, studies of two‐phase AD of animal manure have been limited to screened manure. Therefore, this study investigated the two‐phase AD of dairy manure with particular emphasis on the effects of retention time and organic loading rate (OLR) on anaerobic acidification and biogasification of unscreened dairy manure. The results indicated that pre‐acidification of dairy manure in daily‐fed continuously‐mixed reactors with no recycle led to significantly high reduction efficiencies of volatile solids and, thus, biogas production in the subsequent methanogenic reactor especially at OLRs of 4–10 g VS dm^?3 day^?1. However, the extent of the stimulation in the biogas production relative to corresponding feed samples was quite variable (between 6.9 and 64.7%) for different solids retention times and OLR combinations. A relatively lower performance was observed for the high OLRs (20–30 g VS dm^?3 day^?1) used which was attributed to the possible wash‐out of the acidifiers at the considerably low retention times (1.25–4 days) used. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

厌氧折流板反应器性能研究进展

综述了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)自问世以来关于其水力特性、污泥特性及抗冲击负荷能力三方面的研究工作;分析了进行这些研究工作的意义;指出尽管ABR拥有许多优于其他厌氧工艺的特点。但仍然可以通过结构及工艺的改进,处理更多难降解废水,这在我国高浓度工业有机废水和有毒废水的处理中具有良好的研究开发价值和广阔的应用前景。     

次毫米过滤组件耦合厌氧反应器处理高浓度有机废水研究

采用次毫米过滤组件与厌氧反应器相耦合的方法处理模拟高质量浓度有机废水,研究了次毫米过滤组件孔径、反冲洗时间和容积负荷对出水水质的影响。3个月的试验运行结果表明,次毫米过滤组件孔径对出水水质影响最大,容积负荷次之,次毫米过滤组件的反冲洗时间最小。     

黄姜皂素废水厌氧处理间歇试验研究

针对黄姜皂素废水的特征采用三种不同的厌氧处理工艺对其进行静态厌氧处理试验，在试验条件相同的条件下，测得三种厌氧工艺的处理效果。试验表明，三段式两相厌氧工艺处理后的出水残留COD在相同时段内明显低于两相厌氧工艺和单级厌氧工艺。通过对其处理过程的产气动力学分析，得出三种厌氧工艺的动力学参数，并分析了三段式两相厌氧工艺优于其他厌氧工艺的机理及缘由。     

膜生物反应器处理制药工业废水中试研究

膜生物反应器组合工艺是近年来发展起来的新型废水处理工艺.试验采用混凝气浮 厌氧 好氧MBR处理制药工业废水,并重点考察了MBR中试装置的运行特性和对有机物的去除能力.结果表明,在整个流程连续运行过程中,当进水CODCr为13000～24800 mg/L时,总去除率可达96.47%.MBR对CODCr的去除负荷为1.90～2.49kg/(m3·d);当SO42-质量浓度为3510～4420 mg/L时,去除率为38.86%～60.61%,平均为50.71%.MLVSS/MLSS为0.65～0.75.而且膜的过滤作用有效地缓冲了进料负荷波动对系统运行效果的影响.     

Anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater in a periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR) followed by further effluent purification via membrane separation technologies

BACKGROUND: The combined treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) by applying the anaerobic digestion process and further treatment in a system consisting of filters and membranes is presented. The anaerobic digestion of the OMWW took place in a high rate system, the periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR). Application of the membrane system aimed at purifying the anaerobic effluent. RESULTS: An increase in the organic loading rate was achieved by increasing the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and alternatively by decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The first option caused process failure, since the volatile fatty acids accumulation resulted in negligible biogas production. In contrast, the second change (decrease in HRT) led to stable operation that permitted the reduction of the HRT to 3.75 d and increase of the organic loading rate to 8.9 g tCOD L^?1 d^?1 with satisfactory total COD removal (72%). Higher total COD removal (up to 80%) was observed at lower organic loading rates (<3.5 g tCOD L^?1 d^?1). Further purification in the membrane units resulted in a final permeate of less than 0.1 g tCOD L^?1. The membrane systems proved to be more efficient on the anaerobic effluent than on the raw OMWW (the final permeate in that case contained 1g tCOD L^?1). CONCLUSIONS: The anaerobic digestion of OMWW in a PABR was stable even at high organic loading rates. Filtering and membrane fractionation of the PABR effluent resulted in a final permeate stream of high quality, suitable for irrigation and/or reuse in the proposed operating scheme for diluting the OMWW prior to anaerobic digestion. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

缺氧-平板膜生物反应器处理焦化废水的研究

采用缺氧(A)-平板膜生物反应器(A-MBR)中试设备于不同负荷下连续运行处理实际焦化废水,并与柳钢缺氧-好氧(A-O)活性污泥处理工艺的去除效果进行了对比。结果表明,运行期间A-MBR工艺的处理效果优于A-O工艺。随着运行负荷的不断提高,A-MBR工艺对COD去除率基本高于A-O工艺。A-MBR工艺对NH3-N、酚类和氰化物均有较高的去除率,化学在线清洗可有效缓解平板MBR膜污染。     

厌氧折流板反应器在废水处理中的研究与应用

综述了国内外厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)应用于废水处理的研究进展,从ABR的启动和进水方式、出水循环和增设填料、处理低浓度和高浓度废水等方面分析了ABR的特点和优缺点,并在此基础上提出了今后ABR的研究发展方向。