Post-seismic supply chain risk management: A system dynamics disruption analysis approach for inventory and logistics planning

Post-seismic inventory and logistics planning under incomplete and fuzzy information is an important yet understudied area in supply chain risk management. The goal of this paper is to propose a system dynamics model to analyze the behaviors of disrupted disaster relief supply chain by simulating the uncertainties associated with predicting post-seismic road network and delayed information. The simulation results indicate: (1) information delay has different influences over the relief head-quarter (the upstream) and the disaster-affected areas (the downstream); and (2) the change of road conditions and shipment schedules have impact on the on-time transportation rate in supply chain management. Furthermore, this paper defined and tested supplies' replenishment solutions combined with three inventory planning strategies and four forecasting methods under different lead time uncertainties. The results show that: (1) a strategy that considers information from both the post-seismic management center and the affected areas can provide a better logistic plan than an one takes information from one side; (2) the smooth-the-trend forecasting method is suitable for inventory and logistic planning when the post-seismic situations are volatile, while the quick-response forecasting method has good performance in stable environments. In addition, this paper proposes decision tree to help decision makers choose the appropriate stocking strategies.     

物流服务供应链的质量协调研究

基于演化博弈论的研究方法,构建了物流服务供应链质量协调的演化博弈模型,并对该模型进行了分析。研究结果表明,影响物流服务供应链质量协调的因素有协调成本、额外收益、违约成本、超额收益、投诉概率、声誉损失和损失分摊系数等,通过调整这些参数的大小,可以有效促进物流服务供应链的质量协调。     

考虑服务时效的物流服务供应链应急任务分配

针对应急情况下两级物流服务供应链任务分配问题,提出了考虑服务时效性的客户满意度模型方法。首先,考虑应急情况中订单任务量的随机性的情况,建立基于服务时效性的客户满意度模型;其次,构建最小化物流成本模型以保证物流服务供应链成本最优化;然后,引入线性加权法将包含最大化客户满意度与最小化服务成本双层规划多目标模型转化为单目标模型;最后,采用遗传算法（GA）求解模型,并针对权重作了灵敏度分析。算例研究表明,与上下层单目标分配结果的目标值0.0501和0.0825相比,综合函数模型得到了显著优化的目标值0.2716,说明所构建模型的任务分配方案能够更有效解决具有服务时效性客户满意度的物流服务供应链任务分配问题;由分析权重灵敏度可以看出,权重0.1< a< 0.5时的综合目标优化解相较于0.5< a< 0.9斜率变化程度显著,说明在应急任务分配时应根据服务能力参数理性选择两者的权重分配,这反映出了客户满意与物流成本悖反效应的存在。研究结果表明,考虑服务时效的任务分配模型能够有效解决应急情况下物流服务供应链任务分配问题。     

物流云服务——面向供应链的物流服务新模式*

为解决当前物流服务方式在推广应用方面的诸多瓶颈问题,在云计算、云制造、物联网、RFID等技术发展基础上,提出了一种面向供应链的物流服务新模式———物流云服务。给出了物流云服务的定义,分析了物流云服务区别于以往物流服务方式的创新特征,提出了物流云服务的业务架构和技术架构,讨论了实施物流云服务所需解决的关键技术和问题。最后,以汽车产业供应链物流为例,设计了汽车物流云服务模式,对物流云服务模式进行应用验证。     

基于Anylogic的物流服务供应链牛鞭效应仿真分析*

针对当前牛鞭效应研究集中于产品供应链的现状,以及服务的无形性等众多与产品不同的特性,提出以服务能力模拟产品库存进行牛鞭效应研究的可能;构建了物流服务供应链的概念模型,归纳出其牛鞭效应的四个成因;以上下游服务能力调配策略为基础,构造了三阶物流服务供应链中的成本函数和等待时间函数,运用仿真软件Anylogic进行了实证分析和优化改进。结果表明牛鞭效应确实也存在于服务型供应链中,造成能力利用率偏低和资源浪费,同时验证了以服务能力模拟产品库存进行牛鞭效应研究的有效性。     

物流服务供应链复杂网络脆弱性测度研究

合理评价物流服务供应链脆弱性是实现网络高效率的重要前提。分析物流服务供应链网络节点作用规律,引入聚集系数、最大连通度及连通效率作为网络脆弱性测度指标,基于所构建攻击策略对二级物流服务供应链网络进行实例研究。研究结果表明：所构建指标可较好描述物流服务供应链网络脆弱性能变化;相较于功能型物流服务供应商与物流客户,物流服务集成商对网络脆弱性影响程度最大。最后提出了物流服务供应链网络脆弱性的有效防范对策。     

逆向物流流量不确定闭环供应链鲁棒运作策略设计

考虑一类同时具有再分销、再制造和再利用的闭环供应链在逆向物流流量不确定环境下的运作问题.采用具有已知概率的离散情景描述逆向物流流量的不确定性,利用基于情景分析的鲁棒线性优化方法建立该闭环供应链的多目标运作模型.设计了一个数值算例,其结果验证了运作策略的鲁棒性.在该算例基础上,分析了逆向物流流量的大小对闭环供应链系统运作性能的影响.     

不同物流和回收状态下的供应链决策分析

基于第三方物流服务商在供应链管理中的重要性,构造了以第三方物流服务商为主导企业的供应链模型.运用博弈论思想,对制造商回收和零售商回收的两类闭环供应链模型进行求解比较,提出了制造商实施物流外包和废旧品回收的临界条件.最后通过数值算例,分析了动态时域上服务成本和回收成本与制造商决策的关系.     

供应商竞争关系下的第三方物流融资及物流服务决策

研究第三方物流企业（3PL）在处于竞争关系中的供应商面临资金约束时的融资策略选择问题。考虑由两个竞争关系的供应商和一个零售商构成的两级供应链,3PL企业为供应链提供代采购、物流及融资服务,分别考虑在代采购中向供应商提供融资能够获得价格折扣和代采购中考虑额外资金成本情况下,3PL融资意愿选择,向供应商提供（不提供）融资。建立3PL、供应商和零售商在不同情况下的收益模型,并给出供应商和零售商的最优定价,以及3PL的最优物流服务收费决策,通过比较融资前后各个企业的收益分析3PL参与供应链融资的积极作用。研究发现3PL向处于竞争环境下的资金短缺供应商提供融资能够增加3PL、零售商和供应链整体的收益,且3PL更愿意在考虑自身资金成本的情况下向供应商提供融资,并且供应商之间竞争越激烈,3PL和零售商的获益越大。     

Pricing and return product collection decisions in a closed-loop supply chain with dual-channel in both forward and reverse logistics

This paper deals a closed-loop supply chain with two dual channels – forward dual-channel where a manufacturer sells a product to customers through traditional retail channel and e-tail (internet) channel, and reverse dual-channel where the used items are collected for remanufacturing through the traditional third party logistics and e-tail channel. We derive analytically the pricing and return product collection decisions for the supply chain under five different scenarios viz. centralized, decentralized (Nash game), and manufacturer-led, retailer-led and third party-led decentralized scenarios. We also demonstrate the proposed model through a series of data sets. It is observed from the numerical study that the retailer-led decentralized scenario provides more profit than other decentralized scenarios.     

Analysis on the evolution of shipping logistics service supply chain market structure under the application of blockchain technology

With the digital transformation of the shipping industry, the business potential of shipping companies is gradually expanding. In recent years, shipping companies have begun operating freight forwarding businesses powered by the advantages of cost and network. As a result, their business expansion and gradually occupying the market share of agency services. At the same time, the development requirements of digitization are further highlighted, while the problems of opaque information and inaccurate data in the operation of the shipping logistics service supply chain have become more prominent. Thus, the shipping industry has begun to apply Blockchain Technology (BCT) to the shipping logistics. However, the promotion of BCT, an emerging technology in the shipping logistics service market, is not systematic. The members of the supply chain do not have a deep understanding of it, which have led to changes in market demand. We take the shipping logistics service supply chain composed of shipping companies and freight forwarders as the research object in order to investigate the vertical competition between shipping companies and freight forwarders as well as the impact of BCT application on market structure changes. From the perspectives of freight rate competition and the promotion of BCT, the Stackelberg game theory is applied to create a mathematical model that can be used to discuss the evolution of the shipping logistics service market. The results indicate that, the impact of freight rate competition on market evolution is reduced after the application of BCT. Shipping companies should actively promote BCT to reduce the impact of freight competition on the market. Furthermore, freight forwarders can actively participate in the initial stage of application to increase market demand, and the cost of promoting BCT should be reduced in the later stage.     

基于协同计划的敏捷供应链系统

研究某大型汽车零部件公司的供应链业务集成,提出协同计划机制,并在敏捷供应链（Agile Supply Chain,ASC）的整体计划中通过核心企业控制和协调各节点企业的协同计划．采用Java和．NET技术构建基于协同计划的敏捷供应链系统体系及技术架构．     

基于移动agent技术的供应链订单流管理

面向订单的管理已成为供应链管理的重要内容,而先进的IT技术是使订单中的信息在供应链上各节点间流动与转化的有力支持。介绍了移动代理的优点及在供应链中的应用,并提出了基于移动代理技术的供应链订单流管理的模型和框架,对订单的处理过程和移动代理在订单流管理中的应用作了探讨。     

过程工业供应链流结构及其管理研究

与离散制造业相比,过程工业具有大批量、连续性、高能耗等特点,根据过程工业的自身特点和复杂性,本文提出了过程工业供应链的概念,分别建立了组成该复杂供应链的物质流、能量流、信息流、资金流、工件流和人件流六大流的动态结构,并以此为基础,通过分析国内外过程工业供应链管理的研究和应用现状,建立了针对复杂过程系统的综合集成的过程工业供应链管理框架。     

基于灰色AHP的物流服务供应链绩效评价研究

物流服务供应链是以物流服务集成商为核心,通过提供柔性化的物流服务,保证产品供应链物流运作的一种新型供应链。由于物流服务供应链是一个十分复杂的系统,在此提出了基于灰色层次分析法的物流服务供应链绩效评价方法,综合考虑不同专家对指标分类的意见,避免评估者评价时的主观性、片面性以及决策者对评估结果难做决断的现象。结合重庆某整车厂整合汽车物流供应链为例,对影响物流服务供应链绩效的因素进行了评价。     

逆向物流供应链最佳供应商选择及订单量分配*

为解决逆向物流供应链中,供应商选择、订单量分配和提货点位置等不确定问题,建立了一个新的模糊多目标数学模型来确定最佳供应商选择、供应量及提货点位置,为避免在解决多目标模型时人为主观赋权,运用基于模糊目标规划的蒙特卡罗仿真模型来求解帕累托(pareto)理想解,采用遗传算法进行求解,并给出了相应优化方案,在此基础上研究讨论了不同权重分配下结果的优劣性及供应商选择风险,最后,针对不同权重分配,比较了遗传算法和Gurobi求解,实验表明,对于该问题模型遗传算法在解的优劣性上优于Gurobi。     

零售商资金约束供应链中的金融服务与营运管理协调策略

基于零售商存在资金约束和破产成本的条件假设,研究由一个供应商与一个零售商组成的二级供应链中的外部金融服务和营运管理协调策略.研究表明,不确定需求分布下零售商的融资能力和订购水平是有限的.资金不足零售商可通过外部金融服务实现最优订购,为供应链创造价值,并且金融市场的竞争程度、零售商的初始资金量和破产成本率会影响零售商的订购策略、供应商的批发价策略和供应链绩效.     

基于物联网的集成化港口供应链协同管理探析

物联网作为新一代信息技术,在协同管理方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。同时,作为集成化程度要求较高的港口供应链,运用物联网技术进行协同管理,则是一种新的突破。拟通过分析基于物联网的集成化港口供应链协同管理的概念,设计或提出基于物联网的集成化港口供应链协同管理模式、协同管理平台及其对策。     

Integrating carrier selection with supplier selection decisions to improve supply chain security

Supply chain security is a major concern for logistics managers who have responsibility for inbound and outbound shipments to and from both domestic and international locations. We propose here that logistics decisions concerning security in the supply chain will be made more effectively when made in concert with decisions in related supply chain processes, especially supplier and carrier selection. Indeed, managers may minimize cost, transit time, and security risk by integrating decision processes internally, as well as with their carrier's and supplier's operations. Thus, we account for both intra‐firm collaboration between logistics and purchasing managers, as well as inter‐firm collaboration among buyers, suppliers, and carriers in a supply chain. In this paper, we propose a decision process that features a set of security rules and a multi‐objective optimization model to accomplish this aim. We then provide an illustration to demonstrate the potential usefulness of these concepts in practice.     

供应链管理下的企业效能评价模型研究

评价供应链管理的好坏,关键在于分析它为企业所带来的实际收益。依据平衡计分卡理论,构建供应链管理下的内在因果关系分析框架,表明学习与成长、供应链流程、顾客满意度和企业财务水平的相互联系,在此分析框架下,利用系统动力学模拟仿真的方法,探讨供应链整体运行效果和企业个体效能的关系,显示供应链协作时间的改进,经过因果链最终使企业利润发生多大程度的变动,这样,可以求解出供应链管理为企业所带来的实际效能,为企业实施供应链管理项目提供指导依据。