Modern distance education project for the rural schools of China: recent development and problems

Abstract The Modern Distance Education Project for the Rural Schools (MDEPRS) of China has a wider scope and serves a larger population than any other informational project in the world. It likely will result in a far-reaching informational revolution for basic education in China. Here, we introduce three main innovative models of material delivery, the recent developments of MDEPRS, and the problems associated with this project. We then fully discuss strategies for optimizing this project, such as establishing reasonable goals and directions, restructuring its major components, improving the delivery models and digital contents, sustaining its development, conducting better financial audit and project evaluation, and increasing community participation and financial investment.     

ICT use in education: different uptake and practice in Hebrew‐speaking and Arabic‐speaking schools in Israel

Closing educational gaps between sub‐populations in Israel, particularly between students in Hebrew‐speaking and Arabic‐speaking schools, persists to be one of the priorities of Israel's education system. In the field of information and communication technology (ICT), this goal refers to infrastructure as well as practice, i.e. teaching and learning. A secondary analysis of Second Information Technology in Education Study 2006 study findings portrays a multifaceted state of affairs on some issues, e.g. vision and goals, attitudes on ICT importance in general and as a lever for paradigmatic change in particular. This is contrary to expectations due to the inequality in allocation (mainly of infrastructure) between the two sectors. Arabic‐speaking mathematics teachers indicate greater ICT usage in their target class, while among science teachers, Hebrew‐speaking teachers report greater usage and influence on their pedagogy, indicating innovative usage . Conclusions suggest that further effort is needed to close the gaps between Hebrew‐ and Arabic‐speaking schools as well as collaboration and exchange of ideas, information and educational experience between staff members from both sectors.     

The management of computing resources in schools*

The paper begins with a review of current uses of microcomputers in secondary, primary and special schools and an examination of present and probable administrative uses of the technology in schools. Without entering into pedagogical arguments (and research is needed to provide ammunition for these), the uses which the author considers feasible are indicated, given the resources available, coming down firmly in favour of group rather than individual work in most circumstances. By way of illustration, details are given of some representative applications of computers in the classroom, and a comprehensive picture may be obtained by following up the references and footnotes. The problems of the management of resources are dealt with under three headings: ‘physical security of the equipment’ — safeguards may lead to restricted use; ‘management of the hardware and software’ — the resources required are considerable and whole-school policies are needed under the aegis of senior management; ‘in-service training’ – a continuing programme is needed at a number of levels.     

Promoting occupational health in secondary schools through virtual patients

Adolescents with asthma or allergies do not consider their disease when making their career choice. Therefore the aim of this project was to sensitize secondary school students for occupational diseases before they start working.     

多agent分层强化学习在数据定位中的应用研究

为了在领域文本中实现数据定位,将文本视为环境,针对文本环境中存在的动态性以及不确定性等问题,提出了基于多agent分层强化学习的数据定位方法。该方法利用分层结构的特点,将系统任务分解为多个子任务,个体agent分别对对应子任务学习,以此将策略更新限制在规模较小的局部空间;同时利用多agent系统中单agent与系统远期目标的同一性,引入策略协调机制,通过agent之间交换信息来发现趋势性信息,并利用shaping技术,将在线获取的动态知识对各个agent进行趋势性启发,加快agent的收敛速度。将该方法应用于司法领域的判决文书上,实验结果表明：该方法能够在大规模复杂未知的文本环境中对目标数据进行高效准确定位,平均准确率与◢F◣值能够达到96.6%和98.2%,且具有较好的收敛速度。因此可以看出,该方法能够很好地在领域文本中实现数据定位,具有较大的理论以及实际意义。     

位置预测在定位服务中的应用研究*

定位服务在现代社会中扮演着越来越重要的角色,而引入位置预测在定位服务可以使得其更能满足公众对于定位的需求。但目前在基于数据挖掘的位置预测的研究中,很少有研究关注空间关系的模糊性,因此研究了一种基于模糊集理论,利用FMStree结构的FMSmining方法对位置数据进行挖掘。仿真实验结果表明,该方法有效且高效。     

IT capability in primary schools — a case of something lost in the translation?

Abstract  This paper examines the National Curriculum guidelines for Information Technology in Key Stages 1 & 2. Problems of interpretation are identified. The results of a survey indicate that primary school teachers lack sufficient understanding, of the concepts involved, to translate guidelines into practice. In-service training is recommended. The likely outcomes of National Curriculum guidelines for information technology are also considered.     

定位数据访问框架的设计与实现

目前定位应用访问定位数据的方法常和特定的技术绑定在一起,这种相关性限制了应用向新技术的移植,也将最终用户绑定在了特定的设备上.通过对现存的定位技术方案的研究,抽象出了通用的定位数据访问模型,根据模型给出了定位数据访问框架的体系结构和实现方法.框架对定位应用屏蔽各种定位数据访问的细节和定位数据接收终端硬件的差异,为定位应用提供个一个与平台、技术体制和设备独立的定位数据访问接口.     

无线传感网络安全定位和位置检测

无线传感网络的基本功能是检测和报告事件发生的位置,所以位置发现很重要。在以前的定位协议设计过程中,只注重能耗和精度问题而忽略安全,近来定位过程中的安全问题引起了关注。分析了定位过程中可能存在的威胁,对传统的定位算法进行了安全分析,介绍了已有的安全定位算法和检测方法,并对将来的研究提出了初步的设想。     

教育资源网格的副本定位策略研究

副本定位是数据网格副本机制的关键问题.针对教育资源网格环境,引入了内容寻址网络CAN技术,提出了DC-CAN副本定位策略.介绍了DC-CAN策略中静态连续簇域分配和动态连续簇域分配两种算法,该算法使教育资源网格物理网络结构与逻辑结构保持同构,有效降低了寻路延迟,同时维护了负载均衡.仿真实验结果表明了DC-CAN寻路性能的提升.     

Multilevel analysis of the educational use of technology: Quantity and versatility of digital technology usage in Finnish basic education schools

The adoption of technology in teaching has been identified to relate to various factors from attitudes and self-efficacy to subjective norms and digital references. The aim of this study is to broaden the perspective to hierarchical grouping effects. Multilevel modelling of the study utilizes the data of 2355 Finnish basic education teachers. The results show that, before the coronavirus pandemic, Finnish teachers used digital devices in teaching at least once a week, on average, and many times on a daily basis, varying according to the subject being taught. The variation in teachers' technology usage occurs mainly at the individual level, with a small proportion between schools; higher-level hierarchies proved redundant in the context of Finland. At the teacher level, digital skills, age, and digital self-efficacy increase technology usage in teaching. At the end, the significance and limitations of the research and the direction of future research in the post-pandemic era are discussed.     

Aggregation in hub location problems

Because of their widespread use in real-world transportation situations, hub location models have been extensively studied in the last two decades. Many types of hub location problems are NP-hard and remain unmanageable when the number of nodes exceeds 200. We present a way to tackle large-sized problems using aggregation, explore the resulting error, and show how to reduce it. Furthermore, we develop a heuristic based on aggregation for k-hub center problems and present computational results.     

时差定位的传感器位置分布研究

提高目标的定位精度一直以来都是无源定位关注的主要问题,通过分析目标位置误差的Fisher信息矩阵以及对应的Cramer-Rao下界与传感器位置及数量的关系,得到使定位误差最小的传感器分布情况.给出了目标距离较远时,在二维及三维定位中基于时差定位方法的传感器最佳分布.     

增强现实中基于位置安全性的LBS位置隐私保护方法

为了解决基于位置的服务(LBS)和增强现实(AR)技术快速发展带来的用户位置隐私泄露的隐患,分析了现有的位置隐私保护方法的优缺点,提出基于位置安全性的位置隐私保护方法。将区域安全度和伪装区域引入该方法中,将提示某区域是否需要保护这一度量标准定义为区域安全度,非安全区域(即需要给予保护的区域)的区域安全度设置为1,安全区域(即不需要保护的区域)设置为0,通过扩大区域安全度和识别等级来计算位置安全度。实验结果表明,该方法与未引入位置安全性的方法相比降低了平均定位误差,提高了平均安全性,从而有效地保护了用户的位置隐私,提高了LBS的服务质量。     

试析信息技术在学校档案管理中的应用

研究信息技术在学校档案管理中的应用具有极大的现实意义.传统学校档案管理方式存在诸多不足,主要表现在工作效率低、保密性差、档案检索和维护难度较大等方面.现代化学校档案管理系统既有数据处理速度快、容量大、检索方便等优点,也具有相关法律不健全、档案易改等不足.实现学校档案管理工作的信息化要作到：提高档案管理的标准化水平,做好学校档案数据库的建设工作,加强办公自动化建设,学校档案管理工作人员要具备优良的素质.     

无线传感器网络定位技术研究进展

在无线传感器网络（WSNs）中,通过对节点的定位以确定事件发生的位置是WSNs需要具备的基本功能。介绍了WSNs定位技术的国内外研究现状,分析了静态传感器网络定位、移动信标节点定位和移动传感器网络定位的原理及方法,讨论了几种主要算法的优缺点,给出了移动传感器网络定位技术进一步研究的方向与面临的挑战。     

一种新的RSSI安全定位协议

在分析现有安全定位方法及其特点的基础上, 提出一种基于簇头检测、结合对称加密和非对称加密的安全定位协议, 引入质心法对定位结果进行校正。仿真结果表明该定位协议具有较高的定位精度, 并能有效地抵御恶意节点的攻击。     

基于手机信号定位的地震灾害搜救系统研究

基于对手机信号定位技术的研究,设计了一种地震灾害中浅掩埋人员的搜救定位系统。采用TDOA/AOA混合定位算法进行两次定位,主动诱发并探测被掩埋人员随身携带手机发射的信号对该人员进行定位。阐述了系统应用到的关键技术,并对TDOA/AOA混合定位算法在实际搜救环境下进行了仿真,验证了采用该算法的可行性。该系统为灾害救援中的人员定位难题提供了一种新的解决方案,使得对大面积灾害现场被掩埋人员准确而快速的定位成为可能。     

Clustering techniques for dynamic location management in mobile computing

This paper presents a novel approach based on clustering algorithms in combination with the location area (LA) scheme to solve the mobility management problem. Users’ movement history is used by the network to predict future paging decisions. This approach integrates the LAs scheme and efficient clustering algorithms to find a network topology which can lead to massive savings in the number of signals made to locate users in the network. The approach is tested with several networks to show its advantages to the current GSM standards. The results provide new insights into the mobility management problem.