Numerical Investigation of Confined Multiple-Jet Impingement Cooling Over A Flat Plate at Different Crossflow Orientaions

This study investigates the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of round jet arrays impinging orthogonally on a flat-plate with confined walls at different crossflow orientations. A computational fluid dynamic technique based on a control volume method is used to compute the detailed Nusselt number distributions on the flat plate. This is achieved by solving the steady-state three-dimensional incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stoke's equations. The Reynolds stress turbulence quantities are determined by a realizable κ-ε turbulence model with an enhancement near-wall treatment. Numerical computations are performed for two types of arrangements in round jet arrays, both inline and staggered, and three different crossflow directions, parallel, hybrid, and counter. The jet Reynolds numbers ranging from 2,440 to 14,640 and three different jet-to-plate spacing ratios (Zn/d_j) of 1, 3, and 6 are investigated in this study. Results show that the flow exit crossflow direction would significantly affect the developing jet flow fields and Nusselt number distributions on the target flat-plate. Area-averaged Nusselt number increases with an increase of jet Reynolds number. Of all the cases tested, the highest average Nusselt numbers were obtained for the case with inline jets and hybrid crossflow orientation. The thermal performance of impingement multiple jets is enhanced when the value of Zn/d_j decreases from 6 to 3. Results show that further reducing the value of Zn/d_j to 1 creates a significant nonuniform distribution in local Nusselt number over the target plate regardless of the crossflow orientations. This study also provides a correlation of the area-averaged Nusselt number with the jet Reynolds number for both inline and staggered jet arrays.     

Experimental Investigation on Liner Cooling Characteristics of a Mixed-Flow Trapped Vortex Combustor

The mixed-flow trapped vortex combustor(TVC) is a new type of combustor that applies trapped vortex flame stabilization technology to mixed-flow combustor.Compared with the traditional mixed-flow combustor,the mixed-flow TVC has many advantages,such as complicated structure of the vortex flow field inside liner,large cooling area,significant local hot spots on the liner,and large wall temperature gradient.In this paper,for a mixed-flow TVC with inclined multi-hole cooling,the liner wall temperat...     

Numerical Investigation of Jet Impingement Cooling of a Flat Plate with Carbon Dioxide at Supercritical Pressures

Confined round jet impingement cooling of a flat plate at constant heat flux with carbon dioxide at supercritical pressures was investigated numerically. The pressure ranged from 7.8 to 10.0 MPa, which is greater than the critical pressure of carbon dioxide, 7.38 MPa. The inlet temperature varied from 270 to 320 K and the heat flux ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 MW/m². The shear-stress transport turbulence model was used and the numerical model was validated by comparison with experimental results for jet impingement heating with hot water at supercritical pressures. Radial conduction in the jet impingement plate was also considered. The sharp variations of the thermal-physical properties of the fluid near the pseudocritical point significantly influence heat transfer on the target wall. For a given heat flux, the high specific heat near the wall for the proper inlet temperature and pressure maximizes the average heat transfer coefficient. For a given inlet temperature, the heat transfer coefficient remains almost unchanged with increasing surface heat flux at first and then decreases rapidly as the heat flux becomes higher due to the combined effects of the thinner high specific heat layer and the smaller thermal conductivity at higher temperature.     

旋转状态平板收敛缝形气膜孔改善 冷却效果的数值研究

数值研究了旋转状态下收敛缝形气膜孔结构的冷却特性，并与圆形孔对比，得到收敛缝形气膜孔具有改善气膜冷却效果的特性。结果表明：旋转条件下，气膜的偏移使得展向冷气覆盖的区域增大，收敛缝形气膜孔的展向冷却有效范围明显优于圆形孔，同时对主流的穿透率较低，说明旋转时收敛缝形气膜孔的贴壁性依然较好；各种转速条件下，圆形孔的气膜在大吹风比工况呈现脱离壁面的特点，而收敛缝形气膜孔可以更好地形成气膜保护壁面，从而增强冷却效果；研究范围内，随着吹风比的增加，收敛缝形气膜孔的优势越加明显，虽然气膜孔出口处出现冷却效率稍低的现象，但在冷却范围、冷却效率以及冷却均匀性等方面均优于圆形孔，从而可起到改善冷却效果的作用。     

太阳能平板集热器管内流动不均匀性的数值研究

以太阳能平板集热器为研究对象,为了减少管内工质流动的不均匀性,建立了平板集热器管道的物理模型并进行数值研究工作,定量分析了14个支管及2个联箱管道内工质流速的不均匀性.通过改变平板集热器管道的流程及流动方式对管道内工质流速不均匀性进行优化.研究表明:原型及改进后的两种进程方式都存在不均匀性,但改进后能显著降低管道内流速的不均匀性,不同入口流量情况下不均匀度从0.35降低至0.22左右,且C方案的流动不均匀性更稳定.     

Experimental Investigation of Cooling Performance of Metal-Based Microchannels

Metal-based microchannel heat exchangers (MHEs) are of current interest due to the combination of high heat transfer performance and improved mechanical integrity. Efficient methods for fabrication and assembly of functional metal-based MHEs are essential to ensure the economic viability of such devices. Al- and Cu-based high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMS) have been fabricated through molding replication using metallic mold inserts. Such metallic HARMS were assembled through eutectic bonding to form Al- and Cu-based MHEs, on which heat transfer tests were conducted to determine the overall cooling rate and time constants. Electrically heated Cu blocks were placed outside the MHEs and provided a constant flux, and water flowing within the microchannels acted as the coolant. Experimental results show a great influence of the type of metal, flow rate, and the surrounding conditions on the overall cooling performance of the MHEs.     

柴油机缸套经离子渗硫后在提高其工作性能方面的试验研究

本文推荐一种新的离子渗硫工艺,并对其在处理柴油机缸套上的具体应用进行分析讨论,通过一系列样块、台架和实船的深入试验,证实了该工艺在提高柴油机性能上具有十分明显的效果。为今后生产节能、耐磨、抗拉缸的缸套提供了数据。同时亦为离子硫氮共渗工艺在工模具上的应用,展现了广阔的前途。     

平板气膜冷却孔下游湍流场的试验研究

利用二维粒子图像测速（PIV）技术,在吹风比为0.5和1.0、雷诺数为480时,对平板直冷却孔和弯曲冷却孔下游湍流场的流动结构进行了测量,得到了中心截面及射流下游4个流向横截面上的平均速度、涡量分布以及烟雾显示照片,并分析了弯曲冷却孔通道对下游涡结构沿流向演化过程的影响.结果表明：冷却孔射流具有较低的射流轨迹,可以增强气膜的贴附效果,有利于提高冷却效率;弯曲冷却孔能为气膜提供较强的横向动量,使其具有较高的横向扩展能力,从而改善气膜的侧向覆盖效果.     

姊妹孔与单入双出孔平板气膜冷却效率的数值模拟

采用Fluent分离隐式求解器进行稳态计算,在吹风比为0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0的情况下,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对圆柱孔、单入双出孔和姊妹孔平板气膜冷却进行数值模拟,讨论不同孔形平板主流方向和平板横向的冷却效率以及流场变化.结果表明:主流方向在近孔区域姊妹孔冷却效率高于单入双出孔,且随着吹风比的增大优势更加明显,但是由于射流贴附壁面较早,射流与主流掺混引起动量损失,到远孔区域以后,姊妹孔冷却效率稍微下降,低于单入双出孔;姊妹孔平板横向近孔区域的气膜层分布较均匀,单入双出孔远孔区域由于主孔与次孔射流速度差引起气膜层偏移,导致平板一侧冷却效果好,另一侧冷却效果欠佳;吹风比较小时单入双出孔冷却效果较佳,大吹风比下姊妹孔优势明显.     

某型燃气轮机燃烧室性能数值模拟

应用CFD方法对航改QD128燃气轮机燃烧室性能进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:燃烧室流量分配设计基本合理,燃烧室内流场分布符合设计规律;燃烧室出口平均温度为1 298K,热点温度1 486K,径向温度分布曲线符合设计要求,OTDF=0.280,RTDF=0.086,略高于航机水平。模拟结果丰富了QD128燃机性能指标,为该机的运行、改进提供了可靠的参考依据。     

Investigation of the Conjugate Heat Transfer and Flow Field for a Flat Plate with Combined Film and Impingement Cooling

Film cooling combined with internal impingement cooling is one of the most effective technologies to protect the gas turbine vanes and blades from the hot gas. In this study, conjugate heat transfer CFD study was undertaken for a flat plate with combined film cooling and impingement cooling. An experiment on conjugate heat transfer of a flat plate with combined film and impingement cooling was performed to validate the code. Then the effects of several parameters including Biot number, blowing r...     

振动平板气膜冷却的数值分析

采用数值方法模拟振动平板单孔气膜冷却过程,对比不同振动频率、不同振幅和不同吹风比下气膜孔中心线下游绝热壁面的有效温比曲线,并分析了气膜孔周围壁面相对静压分布.结果表明:振动会削弱气膜冷却效果;在吹风比λ=1.0下,不同振幅、不同振动频率振动时绝热壁面的有效温比比稳态时小,且在x/D10时,2种情况下有效温比的差距更明显;同一振动下,在吹风比小于0.6,x/D5振动时绝热壁面的有效温比比稳态时大,在x/D5振动时的有效温比比稳态时小;在吹风比大于0.6振动时的有效温比始终比稳态时小;振动时气膜孔周围壁面相对静压会出现周期性变化.     

微型热光电系统多孔介质燃烧器性能的实验研究

为保证微型热光电动力系统能稳定、高效地工作,燃烧器壁面需有较高的温度,且分布均匀．对采用多孔介质结构的微型燃烧器进行了实验研究,分析了孔隙率、CH_4/O_2混合比等因素对燃烧器性能的影响．结果表明,采用多孔介质结构可以改善燃烧器内的燃烧传热过程;合理选择孔隙率和工况参数,可以优化燃烧器壁面温度分布,提高系统工作性能．     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Microjet-Based Cooling System for High Power LEDs

The optical extraction efficiency and reliability of light emitting diodes (LEDs) relies heavily on successful thermal management due to their inherit dependence on the low junction temperature of LED chips. In this paper, a microjet-based cooling system is proposed for the thermal management of high power LEDs. Experimental and numerical investigations on such an active cooling system were conducted. Thermocouples were packaged with LED chips to conduct an online measurement of the temperature and evaluate the cooling performance of the proposed system. The experimental results demonstrate that the microjet-based cooling system has good cooling performance. For a 2 × 2 LED chip array, when the input power is 5.6 W and the environmental temperature is 28°C, the temperature of the 2 × 2 LED chip array reaches 72°C within 2 minutes and continues to increase sharply if no active cooling technique is applied. By using the proposed cooling system to cool the LEDs, however, the maximum LED temperature measured by thermocouples will remain stable at about 36.7°C, when the flow rate of the micropump is 9.7 mL/s. With consideration of the experimental difficulty, a numerical investigation was conducted on flow and temperature distribution in the microjet device. The feasibility of the numerical model was proven by comparison with experimental results. The numerical results showed that at a flow rate of 3.2 mL/s, the heat transfer coefficient of the impinging jets in the proposed system was about 5523 W/m²·K, and the pressure drop in the microjet device was about 1368 Pa.     

基于响应面模型涡轮叶片冷却性能的数值研究

为了给我国自主研发涡轮叶片提供理论基础,基于试验设计和响应面模型对某型叶片的冷却性能进行了数值研究。对某型涡轮叶片的设计参数进行了试验设计,数值研究了主流出口压力、主流进出口压比、冷气与主流温度比及流量比对叶片表面的无量纲温度分布的影响规律,并根据响应面模型拟合得到了叶片平均无量纲温度的经验公式。结果表明:根据试验设计和响应面模型拟合得到的叶片平均无量纲温度的经验公式有较高的精度;在设计参数范围内,涡轮叶片的平均无量纲温度随着主流出口压力(120~140 kPa)和冷气与主流温度比(0.6~0.7)的增大分别提高了0.57%和2.81%,随着主流进出口压比(1.3~1.5)和冷气与主流流量比(3~8)的增大分别降低了1.14%和3.68%。     

气膜冷却平板通道的数值模拟

对无肋和带45°肋气膜冷却平板通道的三维对流换热与导热耦合传热问题进行了数值模拟。网格划分采用非结构化网格,湍流模型为SSTk-ω模型,近壁处采用壁面函数法,采用SIMPLEC算法求解速度和压力的耦合。计算获得了无肋和带45°肋气膜冷却平板的流场分布和平板内外表面的平均温度和平均换热系数。计算结果表明,带45°肋的气膜冷却平板表面平均温度较无肋气膜冷却平板表面平均温度低,而近气膜孔区域冷、热表面平均换热系数较无肋时高,而且肋的存在对增大冷空气出流比有利。     

冷却塔冷却性能的评价模型

冷却塔是汽轮发电机组重要的冷端设备之一，其运行性能对电站的经济和安全运行有重要的影响。通过建立自然通风冷却塔出水温度和冷却性能的计算模型，为冷却塔的经济运行提供依据，并且还可以为冷却塔的检修和改造提供指导。     

Experimental and Numerical Study of High-Altitude Ignition of a Turbojet Combustor

This paper aims at contributing to the methodology used for the numerical prediction of ignition inside a combustion chamber. For this purpose, experiments are carried out in a model combustor with improved optical access. Laser tomography and high-speed video give a first insight into the unsteady airflow and the flame structure. Laser Doppler anemometry is used to measure the gas flow velocity field, and the nonreactive two-phase flow is studied in detail using particle Doppler analysis. The velocity field of the burning spray is measured using particle image velocimetry. Ignition tests are performed to evaluate the minimum global equivalence ratio. This in-depth database is used to validate RANS simulations conducted in parallel using the ONERA computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code CEDRE. The numerical model for transient, spherical kernel ignition, proposed in previous work, has been improved and fully implemented in CEDRE. A first parametric study has been conducted on a basic configuration consisting of three validation cases: a gaseous mixture, a monodisperse spray, and a polydisperse spray. These validation cases are inspired from previous studies found in the literature and give a better understanding of the basic phenomena involved in the first stages of flame propagation. This model is then used in combination with CEDRE to estimate the ignition probability of given spark-plug positions in a more realistic configuration: the MERCATO combustor.     

发动机缸内摩擦副组件性能数值模拟与试验研究

为降低发动机能耗及排放,提高机械效率,对发动机缸内活塞摩擦副组件性能进行了有限元数值模拟,并研究其动力性、机油耗、噪声等指标.通过数值模拟与分析,对比了发动机的机油耗、窜气、机械效率等性能.模拟和试验研究表明,该数值模拟方法可准确地分析活塞摩擦副组件的性能;影响发动机机油耗的主要因素为运行过程中的刮油作用与蒸发作用,而环槽的粗糙度值在降低发动机漏气量的因素中具有不可忽视的作用.